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1.
Interactions between water-land resources and oasis urban development at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thomas STERR 《干旱区科学》2012,(2):221-229
Urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is largely constrained by fragile physical environments.The characteristics of an urban settlement are different from those in other regions of China.This paper analyses the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal variations for oasis urban development and water-land resources at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains by principal component analysis and a coupling degree model.The result shows that the degree and change in regional use of water and land resources are different among the studied cities/counties during their development.The built-up areas of these cities/counties have changed little with increasing populations and urbanization levels,which well reflects that the urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is limited by oasis areas.Per capita amount of water supplied,however,presented a trend of slowed growth with increasing levels of urbanization.Water consumption gradually increased with urban development and the improvement of people's living standards,accompanied by enhanced water use efficiency. The level of urbanization can be assessed through the coupling degree between oasis urban development and the use of water and land resources.A high coupling degree represents a high level of comprehensive urban development and use of water-land resources.Alternatively,a low coupling degree denotes a low level of urban development and water-land resource use. 相似文献
2.
新疆奎屯河流域平原区生态需水研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
新疆奎屯河流域地处我国西北干旱区,随着人口增加和经济发展,国民经济需水与生态需水已成为流域水资源开发利用和生态环境保护的主要矛盾。因此,为了实现奎屯河流域水资源的可持续利用及国民经济的可持续发展,急需对生态需水进行研究。本文以流域社会经济与生态环境协调发展为目标,分析了奎屯河流域存在的主要生态环境问题,在干旱区生态需水概念与分类的基础上,给出了奎屯河流域生态需水的界定范围。在此前提下,从流域生态环境现状及未来需求出发,采用不同的计算方法,对流域生态需水进行了计算,可为流域水资源优化配置及生态环境建设提供科学的依据。结果表明:奎屯河流域生态需水达5.65×108m3,占流域水资源总量16.98×108m3的33.3%,占径流总量15.41×108m3的36.7%。其中天然绿洲生态需水为2.41×108m3,占生态需水的43%;人工绿洲生态需水达3.24×108m3,占生态需水的57%。 相似文献
3.
Surface runoff processes and sustainable utilization of water resources in Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Water is the important resource to guarantee the existence and development of oases in arid areas. To improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Manas River Basin, this paper investigated the trends and periods of runoff based on the runoff and climate data for the past 50 years. Subsequently, with the socioeconomic and water resources data, we studied a comprehensive evaluation on the water security in this area. The results indicated that the stream flows in the three hydrological stations of Hongshanzui, Kensiwat and Bajiahu have significantly increased and undergone abrupt changes, with periods of 18 and 20 years. According to assessment, water security in the Manas River Basin was at an unsafe level in 2008. In criterion layer, the ecological security index and the index of supply-demand situation are both at the relatively secure level; the quantity index and socioeconomic index of water resources are at the unsafe level and basic security level, respectively. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable economic and social development within the Manas River Basin, it is vital to take a series of effective measures to improve the status of water security. 相似文献
4.
塔里木河上游阿克苏地区水资源与绿洲农业种植结构调整优化研究——以拜城县为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
水是干旱区绿洲农业发展的生命线,发展节水型农业成为目前干旱区农业发展的当务之急。位于塔里木河上游的阿克苏地区,是新疆重要的绿洲农业区和主要的粮食、棉花和瓜果基地。对目前的农业种植结构进行调整优化,达到节水和增效的目的,具有重要的现实意义。本文以拜城县为例,通过构建线性规划数学模型,在水资源约束下,进行了作物种植结构的调整和优化,调整后的种植结构能使有限的水资源发挥最大的经济效益,基本符合新疆绿洲区农业种植结构调整的需要,为制定科学合理的农作物种植结构发展方案提供依据。 相似文献
5.
ZHANG Pei DENG Mingjiang LONG Aihua DENG Xiaoya WANG Hao HAI Yang WANG Jie LIU Yundong 《干旱区科学》2020,12(1):73-89
In arid areas,ecological degradation aroused by over-exploitation of fresh water,expansion of artificial oasis and shrinkage of natural oasis,has drawn attention of many scholars and officials.The water and ecological footprints can be used to quantitatively evaluate the water consumption of social-economic activities and their influence on the eco-environments.In addition,increase of the water footprint indicates the expansion of artificial oasis,and the influence on the natural oasis could be reflected by the variation of the ecological footprint.This study was conducted to answer a scientific question that what is the quantitative relationship between the expansion of the artificial oasis and the degradation of the natural oasis in the arid environments of Xinjiang,China.Thus,based on the social-economic data,water consumption data and meteorological data during 2001–2015,we calculated the water and ecological footprints to express the human-related pressure exerted on the water resources and arid environments in Xinjiang(including 14 prefectures and cities),and explore the relationship between the water and ecological footprints and its mechanism by using the coupling analysis and Granger causality test.The results show that both the water and ecological footprints of Xinjiang increased significantly during 2001–2015,and the increasing rate of the ecological footprint was much faster than that of the water footprint.The coupling degree between the water and ecological footprints was relatively high at the temporal scale and varied at the spatial scale.Among the 14 prefectures and cities examined in Xinjiang,the greater social-economic development(such as in Karamay and Urumqi)was associated with the lower coupling degree between the two footprints.Increases in the water footprint will cause the ecological footprint to increase,such that a 1-unit increase in the consumption of water resources would lead to 2–3 units of ecological degradation.The quantitative relationship between the increases of the water and ecological footprints,together with the intensities of water consumption both in the natural and artificial oases of Tarim River Basin,have approved the fact that the formation and expansion of 1 unit of the artificial oasis would bring about the degradation of 2 units of the natural oasis.These conclusions not only provide a technical basis for sustainable development in Xinjiang,but also offer a theoretical guide and scientific information that could be used in similar arid areas around the world. 相似文献
6.
水资源是国民经济和社会发展的重要条件和制约因素之一。水利作为国民经济的基础产业, 具有战略意义。乌兰察布盟地处干旱半干旱地区, 水资源严重紧缺,水源问题不仅制约着社会经济的健康快速发展,而且影响着生态环境的平衡。本文对全盟水资源与经济社会发展的供需在进行预测分析的基础上, 提出搞好水利规划, 优先发展水利产业; 合理布局水利工程, 加快水利工程建设; 加强水资源的管理与保护; 建立以市场为导向, 综合效益为中心的水利经营管理机制, 推广节水技术, 合理利用水资源, 促进社会经济可持续发展的建议 相似文献
7.
绿洲开发与绿洲荒漠化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文着重讨论了绿洲开发和绿洲内存在的各种荒漠化形式后 ,探讨了绿洲荒漠化的成因以及荒漠化对绿洲生态系统的影响 ,得出 :绿洲荒漠化主要是由于人类不合理的开发引起的 ;荒漠化严重危及绿洲系统的正常运作 ;最后 ,就绿洲景观生态安全格局给出适当的设计 ,希望绿洲内部的人类活动能以保护生态平衡为前提 ,以实现对资源的永续利用 相似文献
8.
风沙区灌溉与非灌溉紫花苜蓿地土壤水分时空变化分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
水分是干旱、半干旱地区植被建设中最重要的生态因子,而在西部干旱地区农业灌溉中,存在水资源有效利用率低、浪费严重的问题。对比分析了风沙区有、无灌溉情况下的土壤水分,结果表明:灌溉地和非灌溉地剖面内土壤水分变异系数随着土层深度的增加均呈现出降低的趋势。灌溉只对0-60 cm土壤水分有影响。4-10月灌溉和非灌溉紫花苜蓿地0-20 cm层土壤含水量呈多"W"型,20-60 cm层土壤含水量大致呈"V"型,60-100 cm层土壤含水量为平稳型,0-1m土层储水量的变化呈"V"型。土壤水分季节动态变化可划分为3个时期:土壤水分消耗期(5-6月);土壤水分积累期(7-9月);土壤水分稳定期(10月至次年4月)。灌溉制度还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
9.
分析了黑河流域生态环境恶化的现状和主要特征，主要表现为沙化加剧，绿洲萎缩；河水断流，湖泊干涸；地下水位下降，水质恶化等。在此基础上分析认为；水分条件是导致生态系统状态变化的主要驱动力，但气候变化在一定程度上加剧了生态环境恶化的进程和严重程度。因此，保护黑河流域本已非常脆弱的生态环境主要从研究水问题入手。除了调整种植业结构，大力发展节水农业；加强水资源管理以及普及节水意识等方面外，更重要的是要创新水问题研究思路，实行虚拟水战略。 相似文献
10.
Xifeng ZHANG 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):713-728
Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins. Thus, to enable sustainable development, it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way. We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern. This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning (comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin) on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis. The first of these, Scenario 1, is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained, while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project, and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation. In the baseline Scenario 1, the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security. In contrast, Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×107 m3 following the implementation of water-saving practices. The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis. Finally, in Scenario 3, the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×103 hm2 by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50% of the total consumption. Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis, it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern. 相似文献
11.
PENG Jiajia 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):455-472
Glaciers are known as natural 'solid reservoirs', and they play a dual role between the composition of water resources and the river runoff regulation in arid and semi-arid areas of China. In this study, we used in situ observation data from Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in combination with meteorological data from stations and a digital elevation model, to develop a distributed degree-day model for glaciers in the Urumqi River Basin to simulate glacier mass balance processes and quantify their effect on streamflow during 1980-2020. The results indicate that the mass loss and the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of glaciers in the last 41 years had an increasing trend, with the average mass balance and ELA being -0.85 (±0.32) m w.e./a (meter water-equivalent per year) and 4188 m a.s.l., respectively. The glacier mass loss has increased significantly during 1999-2020, mostly due to the increase in temperature and the extension of ablation season. During 1980-2011, the average annual glacier meltwater runoff in the Urumqi River Basin was 0.48×108 m3, accounting for 18.56% of the total streamflow. We found that the annual streamflow in different catchments in the Urumqi River Basin had a strong response to the changes in glacier mass balance, especially from July to August, and the glacier meltwater runoff increased significantly. In summary, it is quite possible that the results of this research can provide a reference for the study of glacier water resources in glacier-recharged basins in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
12.
WU Changxue 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):426-440
With realizing the importance of ecosystem services to society, the efforts to evaluate the ecosystem services have increased. As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Weihe River has been endowed with many ecological service functions. Among which, water yield can be a measure of local availability of water and an index for evaluating the conservation function of the region. This study aimed to explore the temporal and spatial variation of water yield and its influencing factors in the Weihe River Basin (WRB), and provide basis for formulating reasonable water resources utilization schemes. Based on the InVEST (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs) model, this study simulated the water yield in the WRB from 1985 to 2019, and discussed the impacts of climatic factors and land use change on water yield by spatial autocorrelation analysis and scenario analysis methods. The results showed that there was a slight increasing trend in water yield in the WRB over the study period with the increasing rate of 4.84 mm/10a and an average depth of 83.14 mm. The main water-producing areas were concentrated along the mainstream of the Weihe River and in the southern basin. Changes in water yield were comprehensively affected by climate and underlying surface factors. Precipitation was the main factor affecting water yield, which was consistent with water yield in time. And there existed significant spatial agglomeration between water yield and precipitation. Land use had little impact on the amount of water yield, but had an impact on its spatial distribution. Water yield was higher in areas with wide distribution of construction land and grassland. Water yield of different land use types were different. Unused land showed the largest water yield capacity, whereas grassland and farmland contributed most to the total water yield. The increasing water yield in the basin indicates an enhanced water supply service function of the ecosystem. These results are of great significance to the water resources management of the WRB. 相似文献
13.
新疆哈密石城子河流域水文水资源分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
不同地区的自然地理环境塑造了不同特征的河流,同时,河流的活动也在不断改变着与自身有关的自然环境。我国暖温带干旱区除塔里木河流域的水文特征、水资源及其合理利用有较多的研究外,其余中小河流的研究甚少。哈密石城子河的水文特征基本反映了我国暖温带干旱区众多中小河流域的水文特征。利用石城子河流域水文气象站1956-2001年资料,对该流域径流形成、洪水、泥沙、水质等进行分析,以揭示我国暖温带干旱区中小河流域的基本特征,为科学利用该地带中小河流域水资源提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
ZHOU Honghua 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):866-879
Populus euphratica Oliv. is a unique woody tree that can be utilized for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of saline water irrigation (0.00, 2.93, 8.78 and 17.55 g/L NaCl solutions) on water transport and water use efficiency (WUE) of P. euphratica saplings were researched for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China in 2011. Results showed that hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation of P. euphratica saplings were more sensitive in root xylem than in twig xylem when irrigation water salinity increased. Irrigation with saline water concentration less than 8.78 g/L did not affect the growth of P. euphratica saplings, under which they maintained normal water transport in twig xylem through adjustment of anatomical structure of vessels and kept higher WUE and photosynthesis in leaves through adjustment of stomata. However, irrigation with saline water concentration up to 17.55 g/L severely inhibited the photochemical process and WUE of P. euphratica saplings, resulting in severe water-deficit in leaves and a sharp reduction in water transport in xylem. Thus, it is feasible to irrigate P. euphratica forest by using saline groundwater for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China. 相似文献
15.
本文在分析了渭河流域水资源利用分区的水资源、社会和经济空间分布基本特征的基础上,对不同水平年条件下渭河流域水资源供需平衡的空间分异特征进行了探讨,并对其分异原因进行剖析,最后针对各水资源利用分区的实际情况提出了相应的水资源开发利用模式,为实现渭河流域水资源和社会经济的协调发展提供参考。 相似文献
16.
张掖市属资源性缺水地区,区域水资源难以满足当地社会经济发展和生态平衡的需要。随着西部大开发战略的逐步实施,西北干旱内陆河地区水资源的支撑作用将显得愈来愈重要。文中从张掖水资源现状分析入手,阐述了水资源对绿洲城市化的影响,并通过水资源承载压力度对张掖水资源承载力做出分析,最后提出在水资源约束下张掖城市化发展的几种有效模式。 相似文献
17.
18.
我国干旱半干旱地区气候变化及其影响 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
全球气候变化正在直接或间接地对自然生态系统和人类经济社会产生影响,而干旱、半干旱地区的生态系统非常脆弱,对气候变化异常敏感,通过对我国干旱半干旱地区气候变化及影响研究,认为在近50年我国干旱半干旱地区气温上升了1.8℃、降水增多29mm、地表蒸发加大、径流量减少、水资源供求矛盾加剧;农业结构调整,绿洲灌溉区农作物气候产量提高,雨养旱作区农作物产量减少;部分草原生产力下降,病虫害加剧;沙尘暴总体呈减少趋势,但局部地区由于气温升高,土壤水分耗减加速,风沙活动加剧;农业、航空、建筑、渔业、交通、工业均受到影响。 相似文献
19.
玛纳斯河是天山北麓最大的河流流域 ,玛纳斯流域拥有天山北麓最大的绿洲 ,以玛纳斯河流域绿洲为研究对象 ,来分析天山北麓水资源的利用对流域绿洲稳定性的影响。天山北麓自然环境体现为山地 -绿洲 -荒漠复合生态系统。绿洲是干旱区所特有的一类景观 ,它是一个人工与自然的复合生态系统 ,它作为发育在干旱气候大背景下的隐域性的自然景观 ,水分条件是决定其存在和发展的基础。天山北麓地区人类活动历史悠久 ,对水资源利用的影响较大 ,也是引起天山北麓绿洲演变、分布变化及其稳定性的重要因子。处于不同地貌位置的绿洲 ,由于其水资源特点不同 ,绿洲的稳定性以及绿洲演变规律也有所区别。总的来说 ,绿洲的稳定性由其内部与外部生态系统的结构、功能及生态过程决定 ,直接关系到区域社会经济的持续发展 ,水资源状况及利用是关系到天山北麓绿洲稳定性的关键性因素。合理利用水资源 ,可保持绿洲面积的稳定性 ,绿洲分布的稳定性 ,以及绿洲生态系统结构、功能的稳定性 ;水资源利用不当会导致绿洲内部土地发生大面积次生盐渍化 ,绿洲外围则由于生态用水不足加之人为破坏 ,使作为绿洲屏障的过渡带转变成生态断裂带 ,威胁绿洲的稳定性。利用工程技术方法和工程管理方法解决好灌区水利工程存在的问题 ;实施高新技术? 相似文献
20.
乌梁素海芦苇资源演变及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
在广泛调查并取得大量详实资料基础之上,探讨乌梁素海芦苇资源近30年的演变规律。发现乌梁素海芦苇资源经历了一个分布面积由小到大,产量由少到多的过程,现在稳定在1×105t左右。芦苇资源的扩张受多种环境因素的影响,包括入湖水量、营养负荷、矿化度等。芦苇产量和河套灌区的排水量,施肥量尤其是氮肥使用量密切相关。从根本上讲,河套灌区农业活动导致的湿地状态改变是乌梁素海芦苇群落演变的根本原因。 相似文献