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从自然发病的柑橘果实表面分离出柑橘黑色蒂腐病菌(Diplodia natalensis Evans),对其生物学特性研究的结果表明:不同培养基对菌落形态、菌丝生长速率及产孢量都有很大影响,其中以马铃薯蔗糖培养基菌丝生长旺盛,生长速度最快,产孢量最大。病原菌适宜的生长及产孢温度为25~30℃,最适温度为30℃;光照条件对病菌的生长及产孢没有显著的影响;病菌的致死温度在75℃左右,在测试的常用化学药剂中,以咪鲜胺对其抑制效果最好。 相似文献
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明确黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性,为防控提供理论依据。通过病原菌分离、形态特征观察、致病性测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析、生物学特性及寄主范围测定等研究,证明该病病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢Corynespora cassiicola;菌丝生长及产孢适宜温度20℃~28℃,孢子萌发适宜温度24℃~32℃,菌丝致死温度49℃处理10 min;菌丝生长适宜pH 6~10,产孢适宜pH 4~8,孢子萌发最适pH 8;光暗交替适合菌丝生长与产孢,连续光照可抑制菌丝生长;菌丝生长量由少到多培养基顺序为CA、PCA、PDA、CMA、OA,而PDA上产孢最多;刺伤接种,病菌可侵染喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)等植物。黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原为山扁豆生棒孢C. cassiicola,病菌易产孢,寄主广,潜育期短。该病菌侵染黄脉爵床为首次报道。 相似文献
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河北省苹果果实黑点病的症状与病原研究初报 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确河北省苹果果实黑点病的症状类型及其对应的病原菌,本研究对河北省6个市的果园进行了病害调查和样品采集,并对引起不同症状类型的病果进行了病原菌的分离和鉴定。结果表明,河北省的套袋苹果黑点病可以分为四大类型,分别是萼洼黑点型、果面黑点型、果面晕斑型和梗洼褐斑型。除了果面晕斑型为单一病原侵染之外,其他类型的病斑均分离获得3种或3种以上的病原菌。通过形态学分析以及系统发育分析发现,分离的菌株主要为5个不同属的真菌,分别是粉红聚端孢(Trichothecium roseum)、细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)、产菌核枝顶孢(Acremonium sclerotigenum)、尾孢菌(Cercospora sp.)和镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)。致病性检测表明,粉红聚端孢和细极链格孢的致病力较强,为引起该病害的主要致病菌。而产菌核枝顶孢在河北省造成的症状比之前的报道更加多样化。本研究明确了河北省苹果果实黑点病的主要症状类型及其对应的病原菌,为该病害的流行规律以及综合防控研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌种类,采用常规组织分离法获得病原菌菌株LW2015.3,通过形态学特征及分子生物学技术对菌株LW2015.3进行鉴定,并研究其生物学特性。结果表明,荞麦叶枯病病原菌的分生孢子呈倒棍棒状或倒梨状,褐色,具3～8个横隔膜,0～4个纵斜隔膜,大小为16.5～45.0μm×5.0～13.5μm,厚垣孢子呈球形,直径为6.0～12.0μm;该菌株ITS序列系统发育进化分析结果表明,菌株LW2015.3与链格孢Alternaria alternata(登录号:MG195995.1)的同源性为100%,结合形态学特征与分子鉴定结果确定云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌为链格孢A. alternata(登录号:KT362732.1)。该病原菌菌丝生长适宜温度为20～30℃,25℃为最适温度;当p H为6～9时菌丝生长速率加快,pH 7最适菌丝生长;PDA培养基和PSA培养基最适菌丝生长;该病原菌对以麦芽糖为碳源和以硝酸钠为氮源时的利用率最高;菌丝的致死温度为50℃,10 min;不同光照条件对菌丝生长的影响有显著差异,连续光照最有利于菌丝生长。 相似文献
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苜蓿炭疽病是各苜蓿种植区分布较广的毁灭性病害。毁灭刺盘孢(Colletotrichum destructivum)是苜蓿炭疽病的主要病原菌之一。本试验研究了培养基、碳源、氮源、温度、pH、光照、湿度对毁灭刺盘孢菌菌丝生长、分生孢子产生和萌发的影响。结果表明:该菌菌丝适宜生长的培养基为PDA、PSA和V-8汁;适宜温度范围为28~36℃,最适温度为32℃;适宜pH范围为4~6。该病菌在PDA培养基上,分别以麦芽糖和蛋白胨为碳、氮源,在28℃,pH 6的条件下培养时其产孢能力最强。孢子萌发的最适碳、氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和牛肉膏、蛋白胨;最佳温度28℃;最适pH为6。相对湿度98%以上有利于孢子的萌发。持续光照利于菌丝生长、产孢和萌发。 相似文献
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南瓜叶枯病病原菌生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对南瓜叶枯病病原菌瓜链格孢（Alternaria cucumerina）进行了生物学特性研究,结果表明：温度、pH、光照对其生长和产孢都有一定的影响。该病原菌菌丝生长、产孢和萌发的适宜温度为28 ℃,pH为7时菌丝生长最快,pH为8时最易产孢。25 ℃下连续黑暗培养产孢最多。碳、氮源对菌丝生长和产孢量有一定的影响,碳源中甘露醇组菌丝生长最快,山梨醇处理产孢量最多。氮源中牛肉浸膏最适宜菌丝生长和产孢,硫酸铵最差。该菌致死温度为50 ℃。 相似文献
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经不同培养基培养比较 ,在葡萄叶煎汁培养基上葡萄拟尾孢菌生长最旺盛 ,在CA培养基上产孢量最多。菌丝生长和产孢适宜温度为 20～30℃ ,最适为 25℃ ,低于5℃或高于 40℃病菌停止生长和产孢。菌丝生长、产孢的适宜pH为 6～8,最适 pH 7。在室外自然光照射下菌落生长量最小 ,但产孢量最多 ,室内连续光照有利于菌丝生长。病菌对碳源的利用 ,以可溶性淀粉、乳糖对菌落发育最好 ,山梨糖最差 ;菌丝干重以葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉最好 ,山梨糖最差 ;产孢以菊糖最好。对氮源的利用 ,以硝酸钙为好 ,对尿素的利用能力最差 ,不能利用亚硝酸钠 ;产孢以白氨酸最好 ,菌丝干重以丙氨酸和天冬氨酸最好 相似文献
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［目的］ 明确引起短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病的病原菌及该菌的生物学特性。［方法］ 从短穗鱼尾葵感病组织上分离、纯化病菌,经致病性测定后根据其形态特征进行种类鉴定,并测定其在不同培养条件下的生物学特性。［结果］ 引起短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病的病原菌为小孢拟盘多毛孢菌［Pestalotiopsis microspora (Speg.) Satista &; Peresapud Batista］。该菌在PSA 培养基上长势最好;菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度为25 ℃;完全光照条件最利于菌丝的生长和产孢;在pH5时菌丝生长最好,pH6时孢子萌发率最高,pH2时孢子不萌发;孢子的致死温度为50 ℃。［结论］ 上述结果可以为短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病的防治提供依据。 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
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Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
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The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
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Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
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Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
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Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
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M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献