共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 452 毫秒
1.
There is a limited number of registered herbicides in white beans. Field trials were conducted at two Ontario, Canada, locations (Exeter and Ridgetown) in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate tolerance of two white bean cultivars, AC Compass and OAC Thunder, to preplant-incorporated applications of S -metolachlor plus imazethapyr (1600 + 75 and 3200 + 150 g ai ha−1 , respectively), flumetsulam plus S -metolachlor ( premixed at 1443 and 2886 g ai ha−1 ) and cloransulam-methyl (35 and 70 g ai ha−1 ). There were no differences between the two cultivars in their responses to the herbicide treatments. S -metolachlor plus imazethapyr caused as much as 5% visual crop injury and decreased plant height up to 20%, shoot dry weight up to 39% and yield as much as 21%. Flumetsulam plus S -metolachlor caused as much as 7% visual crop injury and reduced plant height by up to 25%, shoot dry weight by up to 46% and yield as much as 24%. Cloransulam-methyl caused as much as 10% visual crop injury and decreased plant height up to 35%, shoot dry weight up to 55% and yield as much as 44%. There were no differences in seed moisture content among any of the herbicide treatments. This research suggests that the margin of safety of white bean is inadequate to support the preplant-incorporated registration of S -metolachlor plus imazethapyr, flumetsulam plus S -metolachlor and cloransulam-methyl in Ontario. 相似文献
2.
Katarzyna Czaja Katarzyna Góralczyk Paweł Struciński Agnieszka Hernik Wojciech Korcz Maria Minorczyk Monika Łyczewska Jan K Ludwicki 《Pest management science》2015,71(1):3-6
The introduction of new food safety regulations in the European Union has resulted in the withdrawal of many synthetic active substances used in plant protection products, in light of their potential or actual harmful effect on human and animal health, as well as on the environment. Alternatives to these compounds are being developed – naturally occurring pesticides, also referred to as biopesticides. The use of biopesticides in crop protection leads to decreased levels of pesticide residues in foods, and as a result to lower risk levels for the consumer. Biologically active agents defined as biopesticides are varied, and therefore application of the same environmental and consumer safety criteria to all of them is impossible. This presents serious complications in the approval of these pesticides as active plant protection products and in their registration. It needs to be stressed that, in the registration procedure of the European Union, biopesticides are subject to the same regulations as synthetic active substances. This situation has resulted in the need to introduce numerous new provisions in the legislation, as well as the preparation of new guidelines facilitating the registration of biopesticides. These activities aim to promote naturally originating pesticides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
Neil Boonham Rachel Glover Jenny Tomlinson Rick Mumford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(3):355-363
The detection and identification of plant pathogens currently relies upon a very diverse range of techniques and skills, from
traditional culturing and taxonomic skills to modern molecular-based methods. The wide range of methods employed reflects
the great diversity of plant pathogens and the hosts they infect. The well-documented decline in taxonomic expertise, along
with the need to develop ever more rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods has provided an impetus to develop technologies
that are both generic and able to complement traditional skills and techniques. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
is emerging as one such generic platform technology and one that is well suited to high-throughput detection of a limited
number of known target pathogens. Real-time PCR is now exploited as a front line diagnostic screening tool in human health,
animal health, homeland security, biosecurity as well as plant health. Progress with developing generic techniques for plant
pathogen identification, particularly of unknown samples, has been less rapid. Diagnostic microarrays and direct nucleic acid
sequencing (de novo sequencing) both have potential as generic methods for the identification of unknown plant pathogens but
are unlikely to be suitable as high-throughput detection techniques. This paper will review the application of generic technologies
in the routine laboratory as well as highlighting some new techniques and the trend towards multi-disciplinary studies. 相似文献
4.
本文根据吉林省1974年粘虫的发生情况,用计算机进行了粘虫发育进度的模拟测报绘图。从中央气象台共收集了吉林省19个气象台站的气象资料,将每日的平均温度、最高及最低温度输入计算机,计算机将会自动地打印出吉林省的地图并用特定的符号指示出各不同地区的粘虫发育进度。除了根据平均温度预测发生期外,还进行了用正弦曲线方法根据每日最高温度及最低温度预测发生期的工作。结果表明:用正弦曲线方法进行的发生期预测同平均温度方法比较,准确性加强了。最后,本文还提出了用计算机作图方法进行害虫发生期预测的设想。 相似文献
5.
6.
Summary. Granulated compound fertilizers were tested as solid carriers for a variety of herbicides known to be active when applied as liquids.
Pasture and cereal experiments with 2,4-D and MCPA as fertilizer additives indicated considerable loss of herbicidal activity in comparison with spray formulations.
Residual herbicides such as TCA, propham and diuron retained their activity when added to fertilizer for application to root crops. The most effective of the herbicides used as fertilizer additives were TCA and propham, both of which gave good control of Avena fatua in sugar beet, and a mixture of chlorpropham and diuron gave promising results as a general weed control treatment in carrots.
It is concluded that the addition of these or similar herbicides to fertilizer granules may have advantages over conventional spray formulations for those crops which require broadcast pre-sowing applications of herbicides and fertilizer. For such crops the use of a granular fertilizer as the carrier instead of inert material could also have advantages over conventional granular herbicides, particularly by reducing transport and application costs. 相似文献
Pasture and cereal experiments with 2,4-D and MCPA as fertilizer additives indicated considerable loss of herbicidal activity in comparison with spray formulations.
Residual herbicides such as TCA, propham and diuron retained their activity when added to fertilizer for application to root crops. The most effective of the herbicides used as fertilizer additives were TCA and propham, both of which gave good control of Avena fatua in sugar beet, and a mixture of chlorpropham and diuron gave promising results as a general weed control treatment in carrots.
It is concluded that the addition of these or similar herbicides to fertilizer granules may have advantages over conventional spray formulations for those crops which require broadcast pre-sowing applications of herbicides and fertilizer. For such crops the use of a granular fertilizer as the carrier instead of inert material could also have advantages over conventional granular herbicides, particularly by reducing transport and application costs. 相似文献
7.
东西部农民收入差异原因分析及对策研究--以陕西、浙江为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着我国西部大开发的实施,要使西部能够尽快缩小差距,促进西部发展,本文以省级行政单位作为基本研究单元,选取西部农业大省—陕西和东部沿海发达省份—浙江两个差异较大的省份,定量分析了从1980年至2001年农民收入差异情况,并与全国平均水平进行对比。在此对比的基础上分析了位于西部的陕西省农民收入偏低的原因,得出自然因素、文化因素、产业结构因素、国家政策等是影响陕西省农民收入的主要因素,根据陕西省的实际情况提出相关的解决方案。 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT Citrus viroid (CVd) group II is comprised of hop stunt viroid (HSVd)-related variants of 295 to 302 nucleotides. Included in this group are the cachexia-inducing agents citrus cachexia viroid (or CVd-IIb), CVd-IIc, Ca-903, and Ca-909 as well as the non-cachexia-inducing variant CVd-IIa. The cachexia indexing hosts 'Parson's Special' mandarin and 'Orlando' tangelo as well as Citrus macrophylla responded with symptoms of gumming, discoloration, and stem pitting when infected by CVd-IIb, CVd-IIc, or Ca-903. However, 'Palestine' sweet lime, the indicator host used to describe the xyloporosis disease, displayed a distinctly different fine-pitting reaction and no discoloration or gumming when infected by the same viroids. Cachexia-inducing variants contain a number of nucleotide changes more similar to hop-type HSVd sequences than to the citrus-type HSVd sequences, as typified by CVd-IIa. The nucleotide sequence of CVd-IIc was identical to CVd group II isolates common to trees expressing xyloporosis. Experimental evidence indicates that either CVd-IIb or CVd-IIc can cause citrus diseases known as cachexia and xyloporosis and that the two disease designations reflect the distinct responses of different indexing hosts to the same viroids. 相似文献
9.
A field study was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in Terra Quente, northeastern Portugal, to evaluate the efficacy of the spinosad-based insecticide Spintor Cebo® (Dow Agrosciences Ibérica, S.A.) against the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), as well as the impact of the treatments on non-target arthropods. Results suggest that this insecticide could be as effective as dimethoate and since it was reported as having more benign toxicological and ecological profiles, it seems to be a good alternative to control the pest in Continental Mediterranean climates such as Terra Quente. However, its use should be evaluated carefully, mainly in conditions that increase the arthropod biological control agents’ propensity for feeding on it (e.g. absence of pollen, nectar and honeydews) to identify unintended impacts on conservation biological control of olive pests as a result of its application. 相似文献
10.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective particle size of DDGS (distiller's dried grains with solubles) as fire ant bait carrier, as well as the most effective concentration of cypermethrin as a toxicant against the red imported fire ant (RIFA) Solenopsis invicta Buren under laboratory conditions. RESULTS: The DDGS particle size did not affect the fire ant's preference for the bait, but it did affect the mass of DDGS being carried back to the nest. The size of the DDGS particles and the mass of DDGS being carried back to the nest were positively correlated. The most efficient particle size of DDGS was 0.8–2 mm. The concentration of cypermethrin has a specific range for killing fire ants in an efficient manner. Neither a very low nor a very high concentration of cypermethrin was able to kill fire ants efficiently. The most effective concentration of cypermethrin was 0.13% in DDGS when mixed with 15% shrimp shell powders and 11% soybean oil. CONCLUSION: Based on its ability to kill fire ants when mixed with cypermethrin, as well as the advantage of having a larger area coverage when sprayed in the field, DDGS as the carrier and cypermethrin as the toxicant can be considered to be an efficient way to prepare fire ant bait for controlling fire ants in infested areas. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
11.
Vladimir L. Kolossov 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,83(1):9-20
δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) esterase(s) is an enzyme or a family of enzymes that regenerate ALA from ALA esters by hydrolysis. These enzyme(s) are highly active in cancer cells. As a consequence ALA esters have been used to advantage in ALA-dependent photoradiation therapy, since ALA esters translocate better to sites of metabolism in cancer cells and tissues than free ALA. In this work, it is shown that ALA esterase(s) also occur in insect and plant tissues, but are less active than in cancer cells. In plant cells ALA esterase activity is observed in the cytosol as well as in the plastids where most of the activity is observed in the plastid stoma. The ALA esterase activity appears to be sensitive to the nature of the esterifying alcohol as well as to components of the incubation medium. The observed lower activity of ALA ester conversion to tetrapyrroles in insect and plant cells, in comparison to free ALA, suggests that the use of ALA esters in photodynamic insecticidal and herbicidal applications may not be as advantageous as their use in cancer photodynamic therapy treatments. It is proposed that ALA esterase(s) may be involved in the mobilization of sequestered and esterified ALA. Esterification and sequestering of excess ALA may be visualized as a mean of cellular detoxification. 相似文献
12.
杜鹃茎基腐病病原菌的鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1992～1993年江苏省宜兴市的比利时杜鹃上发生了严重的茎基腐病,大量植株枯死。从植株和基质中获得的38个分离物中,14个为腐霉Pythium spp.,13个疫霉Phytophthoraspp.,7个拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis spp.,3个青霉Penicillium spp.和1个刺盘孢Collectotrichum sp.。其中,只有腐霉和疫霉具有较强的致病力。作者对代表菌株RH-1和RH-3进行了种的鉴定。结果表明,昆明腐霉Py.kunmingense和柑橘褐腐疫霉Ph?citrophthora为杜鹃茎基腐病的致病菌。 相似文献
13.
黄腐酸钾源于腐植酸,目前广泛用作叶面肥和功能水溶肥,基于其天然属性和结构特点,本研究以阿维菌素为模式农药,评价了黄腐酸钾作为分散剂用于制备农药悬浮剂的可行性。通过湿法研磨制备得到以黄腐酸钾为分散剂的10%阿维菌素悬浮剂,以研磨效率及制剂在冷、热、常温贮存条件下的稳定性为指标,对配方中的分散剂、润湿剂及增稠剂等助剂进行了筛选。结果表明:配方中分散剂黄腐酸钾质量分数为3%,润湿剂OP-10为1%,增稠剂黄原胶为0.15%、硅酸镁铝为0.5%,pH调节剂柠檬酸为0.02%,消泡剂X60为0.1%时,所制备悬浮剂各项指标较优,其中,细度 (75 μm) ≥ 99%,冷、热贮稳定性均合格。室内生物活性测定结果表明,在阿维菌素质量分数为0.1~2.5 mg/L时,该制剂对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的活性与常规阿维菌素悬浮剂相当。因此,黄腐酸钾可作为分散剂用于制备性能良好的阿维菌素悬浮剂。 相似文献
14.
林传光教授正确地指出抗病选种的研究在防治黃梢(龙)病上的意义。他認为柑桔黄梢病病毒可能具有毒力不同的株系。这种可能性是不能排除的。林教授还認为在我国较北地区的所有柑桔树和在病区內許多健康的柑桔树皆已受黄梢病的弱系病毒的侵染,其所以还未发病乃由于受这些弱系病毒保护的缘故;这只能说是一种純粹的臆测,事实并不是如此。林传光教授肯定气候条件和栽培条件对黄梢病发生的影响。作为一种传染性病害,黄梢病在一定程度上受环境条件的影响是不足为奇的。但林教授所列举的种种事例并不能说明这种关系。至于是否可能如他所说的通过选择地势和采用栽培方法在生产上有效地抑制黄梢病的发生,则尚有待試驗研究的証明。我認为这在目前是不可能的,将来的希望也不大。林传光教授的观点虽然不能用他所列举的事例来証明,但可以作为进一步研究的参考。 相似文献
15.
中生菌素防治苹果轮纹病和苹果叶斑病的田间试验初报 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
１９９２－１９９３年在河南省试验的结果表明：以中生菌素替代果园常用杀菌剂退菌特、多菌灵等，与波尔多液交替喷雾、防治苹果轮纹烂果病，防效相当于化学药剂处理，大面积使用病率控制在５％以下。对叶斑病类防效突出，病叶率和病情指数均显著低于化学药剂处理。 相似文献
16.
G. Li H. Lv S. Zhang S. Zhang F. Li H. Zhang W. Qian Z. Fang R. Sun 《Plant pathology》2019,68(6):1035-1044
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), the only potyvirus known to infect brassicas, is a devastating virus threatening many economically important brassica crops, including cabbage, Chinese cabbage, oilseed rape and mustard. TuMV disease, which was first discovered in the United States, is now found worldwide, especially in Europe, Asia and North America. TuMV results in a yield loss of up to 70% and has a wide host range, infecting most cruciferous plants, as well as many non-cruciferous species. This virus is also characterized by high pathotype diversity because of its highly variable genome structure and has been divided into 12 pathotypes. These characteristics, as well as its nonpersistent transmission mode by as many as 89 aphid species, mean the disease is difficult to prevent through traditional methods such as the application of chemicals, prompting researchers to seek host resistance for effective control. During the last decade, extensive studies have been conducted to investigate inheritance, mapping and cloning of the TuMV resistance genes, and several NB-LRR- or eIF-encoding loci with divergent molecular mechanisms have been uncovered. These studies have greatly facilitated resistance breeding for brassica crops and have advanced our understanding of virus−host interactions. 相似文献
17.
萝卜蚜对氰戊菊酯的抗药性汰选及其交互抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将田间采回的萝卜蚜种群分成两部分,一部分用氰戊菊酯连续汰选13次,另一部分不用药汰选,连续饲养作对照。汰选前及每汰选3～4次测定1次氰戊菊酯对两种群的毒力。结果表明,对照种群对氰戊菊酯的敏感性增加3.76倍,而汰选种群对该农药的抗药性与汰选前比较增长了163.25倍,与同期饲养对照种群比较,抗性已达613.62。该汰选种群对不含氟的溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯存在明显的交互抗性(分别达360.7和53.9倍),对含氟的三氟氯氰菊酯、氟氰菊酯和氟胺氰菊酯也存在交互抗性,但只有7倍左右;而对马拉硫磷、氧化乐果、杀螟松、久效磷和灭多威及菊马混剂没有表现出交互抗性,为进一步探讨萝卜蚜的抗药性治理措施提供了试验依据。 相似文献
18.
光合细菌是能利用细菌叶绿素进行光合自养型生长的一类微生物总称,也是植物表面与土壤微生物群落的一个重要组成部分。光合细菌通过自身的特征代谢活动,参与植物的养分摄取、生长发育、抵御逆境等过程,是农田生态系统中与植物以及其他微生物关系密切的有益微生物。本文介绍了光合细菌在农业上植物营养、促生、抗逆、病害防控等方面的功能,阐述了光合细菌通过生物固氮、磷酸盐溶解、重金属固定、植物激素与生长调节剂合成、抗生物质合成、植物免疫诱导等方式维护植物与土壤健康。作为一类代谢功能多样、分布广泛、环境适应能力强,且与植物生长密切相关的微生物,光合细菌将是新型多功能微生物肥料与微生物农药开发的重要菌种资源。 相似文献
19.
抗寒耐旱的百里香属植物资源及其开发利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着全球对新花卉作物的开发与利用的广泛重视,抗旱耐旱的百里香属植物作为待开发的新花卉作物之一,在中国已开始受到重视。本文着重介绍了百里香属植物的资源分布、形态特征、生态特性、成分及其开发利用途径与方法,以期为该植物资源的合理开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
20.
Joaquim A. F. Vicente Maria S. Santos Anibal E. Vercesi Vítor M. C. Madeira 《Pest management science》1998,54(1):43-51
The herbicide dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) was evaluated for its effects on bioenergetic activities of potato tuber mitochondria to elucidate its mechanism of action and to compare its toxicological properties with those of the chemically related uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP). DNOC acts as a typical uncoupler, similarly to the classical uncouplers DNP and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone (FCCP). Low concentrations of DNOC (<100 μM ) maximally stimulate succinate-supported respiration of plant mitochondria, with simultaneous collapse of trans-membrane electrical potential, more efficiently than DNP. The herbicide makes the plant mitochondrial membrane more permeable to protons, acting as a protonophore even in non-energized mitochondria. High concentrations of DNOC (>100 μM ) act also more efficiently than DNP simultaneously as a protonophore and inhibitor of respiration, especially when respiration is supported by substrates that are transported to the matrix. The efficiency of DNOC is decreased with increase of mitochondrial protein, BSA and exogenous orthophosphate. Although similar effects were observed for animal and plant mitochondria, rat-liver mitochondrial respiration was more sensitive to DNOC than plant mitochondria. Furthermore, in the presence of DNOC, liver mitochondria exhibited a higher state 3 respiratory coupling level than potato tuber mitochondria, as a result of a considerable stimulation (60%) of state 3 respiration. In conclusion, DNOC is a more potent mitochondrial uncoupler and respiratory chain inhibitor than DNP, although their chemical structures are very similar. Apparently, the additional methyl group of DNOC increases its efficiency as an uncoupler and as an inhibitor, as compared to DNP. Plant mitochondria were shown to be as useful as animal mitochondria in evaluating the toxicity of these xenobiotics. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献