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为了延缓麦蚜抗药性和降低杀虫剂使用量,本研究筛选了具有增效作用的高效氯氟氰菊酯和烯啶虫胺的复配比例,并研究了增效复配剂对麦蚜的田间防治效果。浸叶法测定结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯对麦蚜的LC50为25.01 mg/L,烯啶虫胺对麦蚜的LC50为28.21 mg/L。通过最佳增效配比的筛选,发现高效氯氟氰菊酯和烯啶虫胺的有效成分比为1.3∶1、1∶1.1、1∶1.7、1∶10.2时,对麦蚜的毒效比分别为1.28、1.49、1.64、1.50,表现为增效作用。深入研究发现高效氯氟氰菊酯和烯啶虫胺的有效成分为1∶4.5、1∶7.5和1∶10.2的混配组合的共毒系数均显示了显著增效作用,其中,当高效氯氟氰菊酯与烯啶虫胺有效成分比为1∶7.5时,混配剂的LC50为5.22 mg/L,共毒系数达到532.61。按有效成分比1∶7.5,将10%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂与20%烯啶虫胺可溶液剂混用后,进行田间试验,结果表明,在药后1、3 d和7 d,混配剂的防效与高效氯氟氰菊酯单剂的防效无显著性差异,在药后1 d,混配剂的防效高于烯啶虫胺单剂的防效,在药后3 d及7 d,混剂与烯啶虫胺单剂的防效没有显著差异。混配剂的防效在药后7 d内不断上升,其中药后7 d防效达到92.98%。混配剂的使用可以达到对高效氯氟氰菊酯减量的目的,同时保证了对麦蚜的防效。 相似文献
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为筛选对地下害虫沟金针虫Pleonomus canaliculatus具有增效作用的氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯最佳复配组合,并评价其田间应用效果。采用浸渍法测定氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯不同配比下对沟金针虫3龄幼虫的共毒因子和共毒系数,并选择最佳配比加工成制剂进行室内安全性试验和田间药效试验,评价该复配剂对玉米田沟金针虫的防治效果。结果显示,氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯以配比2∶5、4∶5和2∶1复配时的共毒因子分别为41.16、23.88和36.07,经细化配比后,以配比1∶3、2∶5、4∶5、1∶1、2∶1和3∶1复配时共毒系数分别为121.77、228.03、284.41、175.05、150.98和135.80,其中以4∶5复配时的增效作用最显著;按照此比例配制的15%氯虫苯甲酰胺·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮种衣剂,以该种衣剂0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5 g (a.i.)/kg剂量处理后在玉米出苗后24 d的防治效果分别为54.76%、59.52%、66.67%、71.43%和78.57%。氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯复配防治地下害虫金针虫幼虫增效作用明显,15%氯虫苯甲酰胺·高... 相似文献
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氟啶虫胺腈与其他药剂复配对苹果黄蚜的联合毒力及效果评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对苹果黄蚜防治药剂类型单一、药剂敏感性下降等问题,采用浸叶法开展几种药剂对苹果黄蚜室内毒力测定,并用共毒系数法进行联合毒力评价。结果显示,氟啶虫胺腈和阿维菌素在8∶1～1∶8、氟啶虫胺腈和吡虫啉1∶1、氟啶虫胺腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯在4∶1～1∶4配比范围对苹果黄蚜有增效作用,3种组合最佳增效比均为1∶1。田间应用结果显示,药后3～21 d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC单剂对苹果黄蚜防效达94.77%～99.40%;22%氟啶虫胺腈SC分别与5%阿维菌素EC、70%吡虫啉WG和2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW按有效成分1∶1混配后对苹果黄蚜防效达86.43%～97.00%,均显著高于相应单剂对照,持效期可达21 d。推荐采用氟啶虫胺腈单剂及氟啶虫胺腈与阿维菌素、吡虫啉或高效氯氟氰菊酯混配剂作为替代药剂防治苹果黄蚜。 相似文献
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试验比较了不同类型的12种杀虫剂对梨小食心虫为害桃梢的防效和对桑白蚧的兼治效果.结果表明:35％氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂8 000倍液、10％啶虫脒微乳剂3 000倍液、1％甲维盐水剂1 500倍液、80％灭多威可溶粉剂1 500倍液具有较好的防效.240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂1 000倍液防治桑白蚧效果较突出,其次为2.5 g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液、2.5％联苯菊酯乳油1 000倍液和40％毒死蜱乳油1 500倍液.氯虫苯甲酰胺、啶虫脒、甲维盐虽对梨小食心虫防效较好,但本试验发现,可能会导致桑白蚧为害加重,是值得进一步研究和探讨的问题. 相似文献
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不同杀虫剂对铜绿丽金龟的室内毒力测定及混配增效药剂筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选出对蛴螬具有增效作用的复配药剂组合,室内采用浸虫法测定了多个复配剂对铜绿丽金龟2龄幼虫的联合毒力,并用共毒因子法与共毒系数法相结合评价了复配组合的联合作用。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺与硫双威、毒死蜱、噻虫胺、氟虫腈、联苯菊酯、吡虫啉、高效氯氟氰菊酯分别按9∶2、5∶1、3∶4、9∶25、18∶5、1∶3、18∶23复配时增效作用最显著,其共毒系数分别为169、248、335、144、195、185、184;高效氯氟氰菊酯与噻虫胺按15∶2复配时增效作用最明显,共毒系数为166;联苯菊酯与硫双威、吡虫啉分别按5∶2、5∶9复配时增效作用最显著,共毒系数分别为216、244。 相似文献
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氯虫苯甲酰胺与6种药剂复配对小地老虎的联合毒力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了筛选出对小地老虎具有增效作用的复配药剂组合,室内采用浸叶法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪、虫螨腈、毒死蜱、甲维盐、乙基多杀菌素复配对小地老虎3龄幼虫的联合毒力,并用共毒因子法与共毒系数法相结合评价了复配组合的联合作用。利用共毒因子法定性筛选出共毒因子大于20的配比共16组,进一步通过共毒系数法定量筛选出共毒系数大于120的复配组合,其中具有增效作用的配比有18组。氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯、虫螨腈、毒死蜱、甲维盐、乙基多杀菌素、噻虫嗪按6∶5、1∶2、1∶1、3∶4、3∶5、3∶8复配时增效作用最显著,其共毒系数分别为220.28、214.15、298.79、171.85、201.90、319.64。 相似文献
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梨小食心虫是为害我国北方地区果树生产的重要害虫，为明确甘肃地区梨小食心虫种群对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平，采用浸卵法测定了甘肃3个地区梨小食心虫田间种群对8种杀虫剂的敏感性，并分析了其抗药性状况。结果表明，梨小食心虫田间种群对乙基多杀菌素表现为中等水平抗性[抗性倍数(RR =10.24~14.27)]，对溴氰菊酯表现为低至中等水平抗性(RR =8.85~11.44)，对高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺和螺虫乙酯均表现出中等水平抗性(RR =18.89~86.62)，对阿维菌素、甲维盐和茚虫威均基本表现为高水平抗性(RR = 99.82~189.81)。研究结果可为果园科学合理用药防控梨小食心虫提供科学依据。 相似文献
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氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯在豇豆和土壤中的残留行为 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
建立了采用分散固相萃取法进行样品前处理,分别用液相色谱-质谱联用和气相色谱检测14%氯虫苯甲酰胺·高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂中2种有效成分在豇豆和土壤中的残留量及消解动态的方法。结果表明:豇豆和土壤中分别添加0.005～1 mg/kg 4个水平的氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯,其平均回收率为80%～105%,相对标准偏差为0.70%～9.5%。北京和海南2地氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯在豇豆中的半衰期为4～6 d,土壤中的为10～24 d。成熟时采收,豇豆中氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯的残留量均低于0.2 mg/kg。推荐14%氯虫苯甲酰胺·高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂在豇豆上的使用剂量为有效成分45 g/hm2,使用方式为喷雾,施药次数不超过3次,施药间隔期为7 d,安全间隔期为5 d。 相似文献
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不同杀虫药剂对水稻“两迁”害虫田间药效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟（“两迁”害虫）化学防治药剂缺乏的现状,2013年对新烟碱类、三嗪酮类、几丁质合成抑制剂类、氨基甲酸酯类等6种杀虫药剂对褐飞虱以及双酰胺类、大环内酯类、缩氨基脲类、有机磷类等9种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟进行田间防治效果评价。结果表明,施药后5 d和10 d,氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮对褐飞虱的防效分别为77.9%~90.9%和77.0%~90.5%,异丙威和噻嗪酮防效分别为40.1%~65.9%和20.6%~49.9%,氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺、吡蚜酮与异丙威、噻嗪酮防效差异显著。施药后14 d,茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰氟虫腙防治稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果都在80%以上,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐为71.3%,溴氰虫酰胺、稻散×毒死蜱、丙溴磷保叶效果为62.2%~69.9%,茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺与丙溴磷差异显著;茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰氟虫腙、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、丙溴磷、稻散·毒死蜱杀虫效果都在90%以上,与溴氰虫酰胺防效61.9%差异显著。建议在实践中,可轮换使用噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治褐飞虱,轮换使用双酰胺类、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、茚虫威、氰氟虫腙、有机磷类防治稻纵卷叶螟。 相似文献
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R. L. Wastie 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):268-288
Abstract Most of the major diseases of Hevea brasiliensis are of worldwide distribution (with the notable exception of South American leaf blight, against which strict quarantine regulations are enforced by rubber-growing countries outside the Americas to prevent the unauthorised import of Hevea) but their local severity and importance vary from one region to another. Root diseases are a serious problem nearly everywhere and regular rounds of inspection and treatment are essential while the trees are still young in order to prevent serious losses. The recently introduced prophylactic collar protectant dressings specific to each of the three main diseases are valuable aids to control. Diseases of the tapping panel may prevent tapping or hinder bark regeneration; black stripe in particular (Phytophthora palmivora) can be very persistent and is often eradicated only by repeated therapeutic fungicidal treatment of the bark. Stem diseases, chiefly pink disease (Corticium salmonicolor), are important in certain areas in wet weather, and can lead to severe damage and even dieback in the absence of effective treatment. Four major leaf diseases can have a debilitating effect on the tree. Abnormal leaf fall (Phytophthora spp.) is severe in India, causing the abscission of mature leaves during the monsoon rains; treatment necessitates the application of a pre-monsoon prophylactic copper spray. Secondary leaf fall, caused both by Oidium heveae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which infect the flushes of new leaves produced after the annual leaf change (wintering), varies greatly in severity according to local weather and cultivar. It can be controlled by repeated rounds of an appropriate prophylactic fungicide or, under certain conditions, by artificially hastening the onset of wintering (and thus of refoliation) by removing the old leaves with a contact herbicide. By far the most important leaf disease is South American leaf blight (Microcyclus ulei); it is largely responsible for the lack of a vigorous rubber industry in South America, the home of the rubber tree. It can only be effectively countered by the use of resistant cultivars. The economic importance of the above diseases is discussed and current control measures described. 相似文献
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Deepwater rice has a distinctive pest complex due to prolonged deep flooding, extended growth duration and a complex environment. Flooding smothers weeds, prevents population buildups of some pests and diseases, and stimulates new growth which may compensate for early damage. Major pests are adapted to these aquatic conditions and exploit the succulent growth and mild weather extremes of this period.In Asia, yellow stem borer causes widespread damage by producing a loss of bearing stems, and lighter or empty panicles. No appropriate measures are known and control of this major pest is a daunting challenge. Stem nematode severely damages rice in several areas but varietal resistance is effective. Rats and hispa beetle are also injurious and many lesser pests are known. In West Africa's smaller Deepwater rice area, stem borers, leafeaters, birds and rats are damaging but their effect on yield is obscure. Farmers commonly employ cultural control methods, and insecticides are used in some areas but diseases are not treated. Pesticide use is restricted by application difficulties, contamination concerns and the low value of the crop. In Asia and Africa wild rices, grasses and sedges compete fiercely with rice before flooding; herbicides are not generally used but many farmers hand weed though the extent of yield loss is poorly understood.Pest management research in deepwater rice is difficult because of the nature of the agroecosystem. Most research has been carried out in Asia but the volume has seriously declined over the last decade. 相似文献
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张德鹏 《干旱地区农业研究》2007,25(6):249-252
国内外绒山羊品种95%以上分布于旱区,而又以干旱、半干旱和荒漠为主产区.在对绒山羊所处旱区特殊生态条件分析后,以表列方式简明扼要地将世界18个专门化绒山羊品种的种质特性与种用价值作比较,并对不同类型绒山羊品种的选育提高和进一步开发利用提出五项建议. 相似文献
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氟乐灵微囊的制备、表征及其光稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为增强氟乐灵的光稳定性,提高其有效利用率,以壳聚糖(CS)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备了氟乐灵微囊,并测定了其外观形态、粒径及其分布、包封率和载药量,同时研究了其释放特性及其在土壤和水中的光稳定性。结果表明:所制备的氟乐灵微囊呈规则球形;粒径在3~10μm之间,平均粒径为6.5μm;包封率和载药量分别为79%和45%;该微囊具有良好的缓释性能,释放以Fick扩散为主;与氟乐灵乳油相比,氟乐灵微囊的光稳定性显著增强,在试验条件下,其在土壤表面和水中的光解半衰期分别为22 d和173 min。 相似文献
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Peter Jeschke 《Pest management science》2016,72(2):210-225
The synthesis of propesticides is an important concept in design of modern agrochemicals with optimal efficacy, environmental safety, user friendliness and economic variability. Based on increasing knowledge of the biochemistry and genetics of major pest insects, weeds and agricultural pathogens, the search for selectivity has become an ever more important part of pesticide development and can be achieved by appropriate structural modifications of the active ingredient. Propesticides affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters, which can lead to biological superiority of these modified active ingredients over their non‐derivatised analogues. Various selected commercial propesticides testify to the successful utilisation of this concept in the design of agrochemicals. This review describes comprehensively the successful utilisation of propesticides and their role in syntheses of modern agrochemicals, exemplified by selected commercial products coming from different agrochemical areas. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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分别采用菌丝生长速率法和盆栽法,测定了一系列菲并吲哚里西啶生物碱及其盐衍生物的杀菌及除草活性。结果表明:该类生物碱及其盐衍生物表现出了很好的杀菌活性,尤其是生物碱安托芬 ± )-antofine]( 2 )和脱氧娃儿藤宁碱 ± )-deoxytylophorinine]( 3 )在50 μ g/mL下,对番茄早疫Alternaria solani、花生褐斑Cercospora arachidicola、苹果轮纹Physalospora piricola 和黄瓜枯萎Cladosporium cucumerium 4种菌体的抑制率达70%~100%;但未表现出明显的除草活性。 相似文献