共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
输入小麦的有害生物风险分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
章正 《中国进出境动植检》1997,(4):7-8
输入小麦的有害生物风险分析，包括有害生物的风险评估和有害生物的风险管理两个主要部分；有害生物的风险评估表明，输入小麦确有可能成为外来危险性病原体传入我国的重要渠道，根据风险评估值，排序为：小麦矮化腥黑穗病菌（Ｒ＝２９２）；小麦印度腥黑穗病菌（Ｒ＝２４７）；小麦基腐病菌（Ｒ＝２３９）；小麦叶疫病菌（Ｒ＝２００）。根据我国麦区的地理气候条件，以上病原体一旦传入我国，由于其根除困难，防治费用高，其所造成的产量损失及经济后果均将极为严重。在输入小麦的风险管理对策中，由于小麦矮腥病菌传入可能性最大，风险最高，因而应首先以降低小麦矮腥病菌传入可能性为前提，采取系列备选措施，以确保降低输入小麦有害生物的风险。 相似文献
2.
输入小麦的有害生物风险分析（续完） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
章正 《中国进出境动植检》1998,(1):11-14
输入小麦的有害生物风险分析（续完）章正（国家动植物检疫局１０００２６）２第二阶段：有害生物风险评估［５，７，８，９］２．１检疫重要性评估［１，２，４，５］第一阶段的结论表明，对可能以输入小麦作为入境渠道进入我国的外来危险性病原体，根据外来病原体在我国... 相似文献
3.
浅谈日照市检疫性有害生物的发生分布及检疫对策聂奎金刘维玲（山东省日照市植保站２７６８００）１９９１～１９９３年，日照市植保站根据日照市实际情况，组织全市专兼职检疫员和农民技术员，在全市开展了对小麦、水稻、红薯、苹果４大作物的检疫性有害生物及黄瓜黑星病... 相似文献
4.
进口小麦、大麦疫情浅析周国梁，张健如，曲能治（上海动植物检疫局２０００３２）小麦，大麦是我国最主要的粮食作物之一，其种植面积及总产量仅次于水稻。种植区内十分复杂的农业生态环境给多种有害生物在我国定殖、发生，为害提供了适生条件，因此开展小麦、大麦有害生... 相似文献
5.
6.
1有害生物发生概况1·1发生面积据统计分析,全年农作物病虫草鼠发生面积33·29万hm2。其中水稻5·1万hm2,小麦1·35万hm2,棉花6·76万hm2,油菜1·87万hm2,蔬菜7·28万hm2,农田杂草6·76万hm2,农田害鼠4·17万hm2。1·2发生种类及程度我们对8种农作物69种有害生物进行系统监测,综合平均发生程度为中等发生,其中水稻、油菜、柑桔、梨树、杂草等农作物有害生物为中等偏重发生,蔬菜、桃树、害鼠为中等发生,棉花、小麦为中等偏轻发生。监测69种有害生物中,主害代大发生的有害生物:水稻有稻纵卷叶螟、第5代稻飞虱,梨树有梨瘿纹,柑桔有粉虱、锈壁虱… 相似文献
7.
麦田有害生物化学防治关键技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１化学防治在ＩＰＭ中的地位和存在问题麦田有害生物的综合治理体系（ＩＰＭ）中,化学防治是一项关键技术措施。虽然采用抗性品种或生态调控技术可以控制某些病虫,但是麦田大多数有害生物,必须采用化学防治才能控制为害。从小麦播种到收获,麦田有害生物的发生有着明显... 相似文献
8.
对建立小麦有害生物持续控制示范区模式的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦有害生物持续控制示范区的建立是小麦有害生物控制走向模式化、集约化的有效途径之一。笔者自2003～2005年在山西省运城市芮城、临猗2个县就小麦有害生物持续控制示范区模式进行了一些探索和实践。1示范区的生态条件示范区建立在小麦播种面积大、种植集中连片、病、虫、草、鼠害发生重、农户科技意识浓、示范带动力强的芮城、临猗2个县。这2个县种植小麦近5!7万hm2。其中水浇地2!3万hm2,丘陵旱地3!4万hm2。由于近年小麦种植结构调整幅度大,品种更换频繁,生态环境发生变化,引起麦类白粉病、全蚀病、黑穗病、黄矮病、锈病、麦穗蚜、麦红蜘… 相似文献
9.
10.
小麦一生可以遭受多种有害生物(病、虫、草害等)的危害,不同有害生物对小麦生长发育的影响可能存在着各种相互关系。对这种相互关系的探讨,既是认识麦田有害生物系统的前提,也是制定综合治理方案的理论依据。 相似文献
11.
J.C. Zadoks 《EPPO Bulletin》1984,14(3):401-407
EPIPRE is an integrated pest and disease management system for wheat, fully computerized, based on on-line calculations of costs and benefits of pesticide treatments; it is field-specific and utilizes disease and pest monitoring in the field. The development of the project took five years (1977/1981). Cost effectiveness has been estimated in retrospect and in prospect using 1980 as a base year, covering the period 1977 through 1985. Future costs were disccrunted at a 10 % rate. The Net Present Worth of the project was estimated at nearly eight million Dutch guilders. The nonmeasurable effects of the project seem to be even more important than the measurable effect. 相似文献
12.
近5年来, 我国在害虫变态发育与生殖调控、害虫滞育调控、害虫迁飞、害虫与共生微生物互作、害虫对杀虫剂的抗性、害虫与寄主植物的化学通讯、害虫对植物抗虫性的适应、害虫对作物种植结构调整的响应、害虫对全球气候变化的响应等农业害虫发生新规律新机制解析方面取得了系列重要进展, 同时推进了抗虫作物、RNA农药、行为调控和生态调控等害虫防控新技术与新产品的研发; 提出迁飞性草地贪夜蛾分区治理、多食性盲蝽区域防控、地下害虫韭蛆绿色防控和抗性麦蚜精准化学防控等害虫绿色防控新模式新体系。根据国内外农业害虫综合防治科技发展趋势和中国农业高质量发展现实需求, 我国需进一步重视农业昆虫交叉学科前沿和新兴技术领域, 以产业需求为导向, 强化害虫防控基础理论创新, 创制智能监测预警和绿色防控新技术、新产品, 创新集成区域绿色防控和跨区协同治理技术体系, 为保障国家粮食安全、助力乡村全面振兴提供强有力的植保科技支撑。 相似文献
13.
小麦重大病虫害综合防治技术体系 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
小麦是我国的主要粮食作物,病虫害是影响其稳产、高产的重要生物灾害。本文综述了自“七五”以来,我国小麦重大病虫害综合防治技术体系的主要研究进展,内容涉及综合防治的指导思想与策略、基本思路以及不同麦区病虫害综合防治技术体系基本模式,并对现有综合防治体系中存在的问题和发展前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
14.
试论农业害虫的自然控制 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
作者根据水稻、棉花、玉米、小麦、油菜、果树和蔬菜等的重要害虫几十年的防治经验，论述了农业害虫自然控制因素的作用和自控措施。这些措施包括作物耐抗性的利用、植物性杀虫剂的利用、昆虫行为和习性的利用、天敌资源的保护利用、农业措施的利用以及农业害虫的综合自控技术。依据可持续农业的发展要求，讨论了在农业害虫的治理中应充分重视和利用一切自然控制因素 相似文献
15.
二点委夜蛾发生为害特点及暴发原因初探 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
二点委夜蛾是近年来我国夏玉米上发现的一种新害虫,自2005年在河北省首次报道以来,目前已蔓延到河北、山东、河南、山西、江苏、安徽6省。其发生为害呈现出发生范围广、蔓延速度快、暴发成灾明显、田间虫口密度高和世代重叠严重等显著特点。根据田间调查结合室内饲养观察,初步指出近年来我国黄淮海地区的“小麦 玉米”两熟种植区机收小麦秸秆还田、成虫具有较强的飞行（扩散）和生殖能力、缺乏天敌控制因子、幼虫隐蔽发生导致的监测与防治困难,以及对该害虫危害认识不足是导致其暴发成灾的主要原因。并提出二点委夜蛾的生物学、生态学基础、越冬与迁飞（扩散）行为特征以及综合防控技术是下一步亟待研究的科学问题。 相似文献
16.
Management of stored-grain insect pests by farmers or elevator managers should be based upon a knowledge of the grain storage environment and the ecology of insect pests. Grain storage facilities and practices, geographical location, government policies, and marketing demands for grain quality are discussed as factors influencing stored-grain insect pest management decisions in the United States. Typical practices include a small number of grain samples designed to provide grain quality information for segregation, blending and marketing. This low sampling rate results in subjective evaluation and inconsistent penalties for insect-related quality factors. Information on the efficacy of insect pest management practices in the United States, mainly for farm-stored wheat, is discussed, and stored-grain integrated pest management (IPM) is compared to field-crop IPM. The transition from traditional stored-grain insect pest control to IPM will require greater emphasis on sampling to estimate insect densities, the development of sound economic thresholds and decision-making strategies, more selective use of pesticides, and greater use of nonchemical methods such as aeration. New developments in insect monitoring, predictive computer models, grain cooling by aeration, biological control, and fumigation are reviewed, their potential for improving insect pest management is discussed, and future research needs are examined. 相似文献
17.
18.
FAO is responsible for various projects in cereal growing that have a crop protection component. Within this the overall approach followed is along the lines of integrated pest control. The following field activities are briefly reviewed: research on and control of grain-eating birds; breeding for stable resistance in wheat; integrated pest control in sorghum and millet; integrated pest control in rice-growing in South and Southeast Asia; reduction of post-harvest losses. The effective application of new plant protection technology depends on a better understanding of the agro-ecosystem concerned in order to make maximal use of knowledge collected elsewhere. 相似文献
19.
Micheal DK Owen Hugh J Beckie Julia Y Leeson Jason K Norsworthy Larry E Steckel 《Pest management science》2015,71(3):357-376
There is interest in more diverse weed management tactics because of evolved herbicide resistance in important weeds in many US and Canadian crop systems. While herbicide resistance in weeds is not new, the issue has become critical because of the adoption of simple, convenient and inexpensive crop systems based on genetically engineered glyphosate‐tolerant crop cultivars. Importantly, genetic engineering has not been a factor in rice and wheat, two globally important food crops. There are many tactics that help to mitigate herbicide resistance in weeds and should be widely adopted. Evolved herbicide resistance in key weeds has influenced a limited number of growers to include a more diverse suite of tactics to supplement existing herbicidal tactics. Most growers still emphasize herbicides, often to the exclusion of alternative tactics. Application of integrated pest management for weeds is better characterized as integrated weed management, and more typically integrated herbicide management. However, adoption of diverse weed management tactics is limited. Modifying herbicide use will not solve herbicide resistance in weeds, and the relief provided by different herbicide use practices is generally short‐lived at best. More diversity of tactics for weed management must be incorporated in crop systems. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
20.
G. Mathys 《EPPO Bulletin》1974,4(4):417-428
Evaluation of economic returns resulting from plant protection measures are receiving increased attention. Since control measures are likely to affect not only a single production but also future crops and may entail resistance phenomena, as well as other inconveniences, the entire lifetime of a control strategy should be considered in a cost/benefit analysis. Although all the needed parameters for such an evaluation are not available, simplified computer-based models, now in use in advanced pest management studies, turned out to beextremely useful. The possibility of assessing the impact of control measures on single crops is reviewed in the light of recent studies (Headley , 1972, 1973, Davidson and Norgaard , 1973) and data stressing the economic advantages of pest management schemes in European orchards and U.S. cotton areas are studied. With increased prices for pesticides and application, the benefit derived from integrated control schemes becomes more evident. 相似文献