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采用6种溶剂对番茄茎叶进行平行提取,以葡萄白腐病菌、葡萄黑痘病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、瓜类枯萎病菌和番茄早疫病菌为供试菌,对番茄不同提取液进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明,各溶剂提取液对特定病菌都有极好的抑制作用,对葡萄白腐病菌和苹果腐烂病菌的抑制率均为100%,对其它病菌也都有很好的活性。番茄茎叶的水提取液对供试8种病原菌的综合抑制效果最好,对葡萄白腐病菌、葡萄黑痘病菌和苹果腐烂病菌的抑制作用高达100%,对瓜类枯萎病菌抑菌效果最差也为67.74%。,因此,水应作为番茄茎叶农用抑菌活性物质提取的首选溶剂,石油醚可作为有机溶剂提取番茄茎叶农用抑菌活性物质的溶剂。 相似文献
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三种葱属作物挥发物和提取液对植物病原真菌和卵菌的抑菌活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了大蒜、洋葱和葱茎挥发物及提取液对26种主要植物病原真菌和卵菌的抑制活性,以期为利用葱属作物轮作或间作控制病害提供指导。试验结果表明,3种葱属作物挥发物和浸提液具有广谱抗植物病原真菌和卵菌活性,但不同葱属作物对不同种类的病原菌抑菌效果有差异。洋葱和葱茎挥发物和浸提液的抑菌能力比大蒜弱,但对部分疫霉菌、腐霉菌、丝核菌等土传病原菌仍具有与蒜瓣相似的抑菌活性。另外,小麦赤霉病菌、辣椒早疫病菌等部分病原菌对3种葱属作物挥发物和浸提液具有耐性。因此,生产上利用葱属作物轮作或间作防治病害时需要根据不同葱属作物对不同病原菌抑制效果的差异进行合理选择,同时需避免葱属作物长期连作引起病原菌敏感性降低。 相似文献
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以研磨法从中华真地鳖五龄若虫体内提取得到抗菌物质,分别采用比浊法和菌碟法测定了其对多种细菌和植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,该抗菌物质对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白菜软腐菌和枯草芽孢杆菌等4种细菌生长均有一定的抑制作用,对数期延迟1~4h,菌的浓度、繁殖速度减缓。对7种植物病原真菌的抑菌试验表明,该抗菌物质对玉米茎基腐病菌、小麦根腐病菌、棉花枯萎病菌抑制效果较好,抑制率分别为50.0%、49.2%、45.2%;而对白菜黑斑病菌和玉米大斑病菌活性较差,抑制率仅为28.3%和24.5%。 相似文献
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为探索能高效、安全防控采后贮藏期苹果轮纹病的方法,采用室内生测法测定韭菜挥发物对苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea菌丝生长的抑制作用及对采后苹果轮纹病的防控作用,并通过三重四极杆气质联用仪分析鉴定韭菜挥发物主要成分及其抑菌效应。结果表明,韭菜挥发物能显著抑制苹果轮纹病菌菌丝的生长,不同浓度挥发物的抑制率为85.57%～100.00%;韭菜挥发物能造成苹果轮纹病菌菌丝畸形。韭菜挥发物也能显著抑制采后苹果轮纹病的发生,其防控效果达53.42%～100.00%。韭菜挥发物的主要成分为有机硫化物,在离体情况下3种主要硫化物均能显著抑制苹果轮纹病菌菌丝的生长,500μL/L和250μL/L二甲基三硫醚、甲基烯丙基三硫醚、二烯丙基三硫醚在整个试验期间均能完全抑制苹果轮纹病菌菌丝的生长。其中二烯丙基三硫醚的抑制率最高,在62.5～500μL/L范围内其抑制率高达66.25%～100.00%。表明韭菜挥发物及其主要成分均能显著抑制苹果轮纹病菌的生长,这可能是韭菜防控苹果轮纹病发生的重要因素。 相似文献
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三七主要病原菌对皂苷的敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了三七4种病原菌对三七皂苷粗提物及其含有的4种主要皂苷的敏感性。结果表明,三七皂苷粗提物对病原菌的抑制活性较低,在浓度1 000 μg/mL条件下对4种供试病原菌的抑制率均低于20%。在低浓度下对锈腐病菌和恶疫霉菌甚至表现出明显的促生作用。利用HPLC分析表明,三七皂苷粗提物中含有R1、Rb1、Rg1和Rd ?4种主要皂苷。在浓度为1 000 μg/mL条件下,R1、Rb1和Rg1对锈腐病菌均表现明显的促进生长作用;Rg1对恶疫霉D-1菌株表现出微弱的抑制作用,而R1、Rb1、Rd对恶疫霉菌均具有较低的促生长活性;R1和Rb1对腐皮镰刀菌PN-21具有较弱的促生长作用,而Rg1和Rd具有较弱的抑制作用;4种皂苷对侵染三七茎部的人参链格孢菌均具有抑菌活性,抑菌能力Rd>Rb1>R1>Rg1,Rd的抑制率可达23.43%。本试验结果表明,三七一些皂苷可以促进根腐病菌的生长,对根腐病的发生具有促进作用。 相似文献
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传统农业种植中常将目标作物与化感作物轮作控制土传病害,但对化感作物控病机制研究较少。本文研究了温室大蒜与黄瓜轮作对黄瓜疫病的控制效果,并进一步研究了大蒜组织挥发物和浸提液对甜瓜疫霉Phytophthora melonis及黄瓜种子萌发的影响,以期为利用大蒜与黄瓜轮作控制黄瓜疫病提供理论指导。结果表明,大蒜与黄瓜轮作可以有效降低黄瓜疫病的发生;大蒜不同组织挥发物和浸提液对P.melonis的各生长阶段都表现出显著的抑菌活性,其中蒜瓣的抑菌活性最强,挥发物(紫皮蒜/白皮蒜)在含量0.5 g/皿时对菌丝生长的抑制率均为100%;蒜瓣浸提液(紫皮蒜/白皮蒜)在浓度1.67 mg/mL时对菌丝生长的抑制率分别为32%和45%;在浓度0.25 mg/mL时对游动孢子萌发的抑制率分别为98%和53%。另外,大蒜挥发物和浸提液在低浓度或含量对黄瓜种子的萌发并无显著抑制效果,但在中高浓度或含量会表现出延缓生长的现象。综上所述,大蒜不同组织产生和释放的化合物对P.melonis具有抑制活性,在生产上可以利用大蒜或大蒜秸秆与黄瓜轮作控制黄瓜疫病的发生。 相似文献
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皂荚提取物对植物病原菌的抑制作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
豆科植物皂荚是一种传统药用植物,为我国特有种。本文在室内测定了皂荚叶和棘刺乙醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏杆菌、番茄疮痂病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、瓜果腐霉的抑制作用。叶提取物未检测出抗菌活性。棘刺提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌都表现出一定的抗菌活性,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2.5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL。棘刺乙醇提取物在浓度为1 mg/mL时,对4种植物病原真菌的生长都表现出抑制活性,其中对瓜果腐霉生长的抑制率为28.4%。将棘刺乙醇提取物分为石油醚等5个极性不同的萃取部分,其中乙酸乙酯部分对枯草芽孢杆菌、番茄疮痂病菌、欧文氏杆菌都具有明显的抑制作用,且活性强于其它的极性段,对枯草芽孢杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌的MIC分别为1.25 mg/mL和5 mg/mL。乙酸乙酯部分对瓜果腐霉和棉花枯萎病菌的生长也有较强的抑制作用,在1mg/mL时抑制率分别为45.8%和23.9%。研究结果表明,皂英抗菌活性成分主要存在于棘刺中的乙酸乙酯极性段和正丁醇极性段中。 相似文献
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为明确药用植物抱茎苦荬不同部位内生细菌分布及其在植物病害生物防治中的应用价值,采用组织分离法对抱茎苦荬不同部位内生细菌进行了分离.用平板对峙法筛选出具有抑菌活性的菌株,并用生长速率法测定了其代谢物的抑菌活性.结果表明,从抱茎苦荬不同部位共分离到24株内生细菌.其中,15株具有一定的抑菌活性,占分离总数的62.5％; 15株中有3株对梨黑斑病病菌、番茄早疫病病菌和番茄灰霉病病菌有较强的抑菌活性,其抑制率为84.2％～92.9％:3株内生细菌代谢物对6种植物病原真菌抑菌活性为8.1％～91.0％,经121℃高温处理后其抑菌活性在0～22.3％之间,表明其3株内生细菌具有较强的抑菌效果. 相似文献
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The allelopathic potential of Mikania micrantha H.B.K. to affect the seed germination and seedling growth of Coix lacryma‐jobi L. was investigated. Water‐soluble allelopathic substances were found in the water extracts of M. micrantha. The effect of the water extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of C. lacryma‐jobi was concentration‐dependent. The water extracts from the different plant parts (leaf, stem, and root) of M. micrantha differed in their effect on the germination and seedling growth of C. lacryma‐jobi, with the effect of the leaf extract being the least inhibitory. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the C. lacryma‐jobi seedlings increased by 64%, 45%, and 52% of the control with increasing concentrations of the extracts of the root, stem, and leaf (80, 400, and 400 g L?1, respectively). The extract from the M. micrantha roots significantly increased the catalase (CAT) activity of the C. lacryma‐jobi seedlings (48% and 54% of the control at the concentrations of 20 g L?1 and 80 g L?1, respectively). The extracts from the leaves and stems at low concentrations increased the CAT activity, but at high concentrations, the extracts decreased the CAT activity. The extracts from the roots, stems, and leaves at concentrations of 80, 400, and 400 g L?1 also significantly decreased the peroxidase (POD) activity of the C. lacryma‐jobi seedlings to 27%, 52%, and 34% of the control, respectively. These results indicate that the water extracts of M. micrantha could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of C. lacryma‐jobi through the regulation of anti‐oxidase activity, such as POD and CAT in the cells. The growth inhibition of the C. lacryma‐jobi seedlings is probably related to injury after oxidization of the cell membranes with the increase of MDA content. 相似文献
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The response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , the causal agent of stem rot of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ), to toxic volatiles produced by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system was studied. Mycelium plugs were exposed to inoculated leaf discs of oilseed rape cultivars and two related species, black mustard ( Brassica nigra ) and white mustard ( Sinapis alba ). Growth of exposed colonies was inhibited by more than 87% compared with controls. Despite inhibition of exposed fungal colonies, the fungus continued to grow in infected tissue. Repeated exposure of the fungus to hydrated mustard powder (which contains both glucosinolates and myrosinase) or synthetic isothiocyanates (ITCs) resulted in growth inhibition decreasing from initial levels of up to 80% to insignificant levels after 2–3 days, suggesting that S. sclerotiorum has the ability to adapt to volatiles during the infection progress. This adaptation was studied by investigating induction of glutathione S-transferase-like genes identified from the S. sclerotiorum genome. Three genes, with locus numbers SS1G_07195.1, SS1G_01918.1 and SS1G_10295.1, appeared to be up-regulated following exposure of S. sclerotiorum to mustard powder or allyl ITC. A fourth gene, SS1G_07319.1, appeared to be down-regulated. In addition, glutathione S-transferase catalytic activity in crude mycelium extracts was doubled following 48 h of exposure to mustard powder volatiles. This adaptation could allow S. sclerotiorum to parasitize tissues of Brassica species despite the production of toxic metabolites. 相似文献
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为明确大葱水提物对辣椒疫病的控制效果及其主要活性成分,通过室内毒力、田间防效以及GC-MS联用测定发现,大葱茎叶与根水提物均对辣椒疫病菌有一定抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越强。在含300 mg/mL根水提物的平板上培养2 d,辣椒疫病菌菌丝生长的抑制率高达81.50%;但随着时间的推移,抑制作用减弱,5 d后,200 mg/mL根和茎叶水提物对病菌的抑制率仅为34.18%和25.62%。用300 mg/mL大葱水提物灌根,对辣椒疫病的防效可达50%左右。将大葱与辣椒轮作或混栽可有效降低田间辣椒疫病的病情,防病效果分别为40.67%和41.21%。GC-MS测定结果表明,大葱根和茎叶水提物中分别含有14种和28种挥发性物质,且均以有机硫化物为主,分别占总挥发性物质的82.17%和99.40%,这些硫化物对辣椒疫病菌的生长均有较强的抑制作用。这些结果表明,大葱产生的挥发性物质在辣椒疫病的绿色防控上有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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韭菜和辣椒间作对辣椒疫病的防治效果及其化感机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确韭菜和辣椒间作对辣椒疫病的防治效果及其化感机理,比较了韭菜和辣椒不同行比间作对辣椒疫病的防治效果,测定了韭菜茎、叶挥发物与浸提液对辣椒疫霉菌的抑制作用,并分析了韭菜根系对辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子侵染和传播行为的影响。结果表明,韭菜与辣椒行比为3∶1间作能显著控制辣椒疫病的扩展与传播;2.0 g/皿韭菜茎挥发物及0.15 m L/m L茎浸提液对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长的抑制活性可达33.33%和88.75%;辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子对韭菜根系具有明显的趋化活性,且于根围迅速休止并萌发,丧失在土壤中继续寻找寄主的能力,其传播侵染行为受到干扰。研究表明,韭菜和辣椒间作可以有效控制辣椒疫病的扩展蔓延,实现对辣椒疫病的生态防控。 相似文献
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以4种野生抗病茄为试材,通过生长速率法和悬滴法测试了其根、茎、叶腐解物的乙醇提取液对茄子黄萎病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的室内抑制作用,并对室内抑菌效果较好的处理进行了盆栽防病试验。供试腐解物提取液对茄子黄萎病菌均具有一定抑制作用。其中,叶对菌丝生长的抑制率最高(>30%),抑制作用顺序为刚果茄>托鲁巴姆>CRP(刺茄)>赤茄,对孢子萌发的抑制效果较好的是刚果茄叶>CRP叶>刚果茄茎>赤茄叶>托鲁巴姆叶(>77%)。盆栽试验表明,除赤茄叶片腐解物外,其他3种野生茄叶片腐解物对茄子黄萎病均具有治疗效果;4种野生茄叶片腐解物对茄子黄萎病的预防效果均较好。 相似文献
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A study was conducted to identify volatile organic compounds or volatiles produced by Candida intermedia strain C410 using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and to determine efficacy of the volatiles of C. intermedia in suppression of conidial germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and control of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry. Results showed that, among 49 volatiles (esters, alcohols, alkenes, alkanes, alkynes, organic acids, ketones, and aldehydes) identified from C. intermedia cultures on yeast extract peptone dextrose agar, two compounds, 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene and 3-methyl-1-butanol, were the most abundant. Synthetic chemicals of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene; 3-methyl-1-butanol; 2-nonanone; pentanoic acid, 4-methyl-, ethyl ester; 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetate; acetic acid, pentyl ester; and hexanoic acid, ethyl ester were highly inhibitory to conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Inhibition of conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea by volatiles of C. intermedia was also observed. Meanwhile, results showed that incidence and severity of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced by exposure of the strawberry fruit to the volatiles from C. intermedia cultures or C. intermedia-infested strawberry fruit. These results suggest that the volatiles of C. intermedia C410 are promising biofumigants for control of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry. 相似文献
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Plants of wild myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) collected at full bloom contained substances inhibitory to the germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass. (Lolium perenne L. cv Hollandi) Tissue suspensions had a greater inhibitory activity than water extracts of the plant tissue. Boiling the plant material also increased the inhibitory activity of suspensions and extracts. Flower, and buds, fruit covers and leaves had the greatest inhibitory effect/unit weight ot tissue but inhibitory activity was also present in stems and roots at lower concentrations. The effect of myrtle leaf suspensions on germination of seed of thirteen common garden flowers was also examined: Germination of Petunia. Antirrhinum, Liaum. Cheiranthus and Lathyrus was inhibited completely or substantially depressed. Germination of Zinnia, Tagrtes. Verbena and Dianthus was not much affected, while that of Brllis. Gaillardia. and Viola was affected to an intermediate extent. These results suggest that the possible use of wild myrtle as an evergreen hedge plant needs to be examined further because of possible interference with the growth of nearby lawns and flowers. 相似文献
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贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B006是一株高效生防菌株,但其在不同水肥条件下的防病促生效果尚不明确。本研究通过盆栽试验测定了不同土壤含水量和施肥条件下B006菌剂对娃娃菜生长及对软腐病防效的影响,结果表明：在土壤含水量为14%、施肥量为3.57 g/kg土的条件下,播种时沟施5 g B006菌剂（菌含量为1×107 CFU/g）,出苗后浇灌B006菌悬液（3×108 CFU/mL）可明显降低娃娃菜的发病率和病情指数,与相同条件下未施用B006菌剂处理相比,防效达77.4%。在日光温室开展土壤水势、施肥量及B006菌剂施用随机区组交互试验,结果表明：在土壤水势—50 kPa和追肥量1049.5 kg/hm2（N/P/K=18/5/13）条件下,施用B006菌剂可以促进植株生长,与土壤水势和追肥量分别为—50 kPa×1499.3 kg/hm2和—30 kPa×1499.3 kg/hm2的处理相比,娃娃菜产量分别提高了8.6%和11.2%。综上所述,适当少水、少肥并施用贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B006菌剂可以明显控制娃娃菜软腐病的发生,促进植物生长,并显著提高娃娃菜产量。 相似文献