共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
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上海地区杂草稻发生分布与危害现状 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
2009年对上海10个区县79个乡镇共3 140.8 hm2直播稻田和857.5 hm2机插秧稻田进行了杂草稻发生分布与危害现状调查。结果表明,直播稻田杂草稻发生频率为22.15%,面积发生率为14.72%,乡镇分布率为75%;机插秧稻田杂草稻发生频率为22.71%,面积发生率为22.66%,乡镇分布率为77.27%。上海地区直播稻田和机插秧稻田杂草稻均以1级轻度危害为主。直播稻田杂草稻3级以上危害面积占发生面积的比率、发生频率和乡镇分布率均高于机插秧稻田。 相似文献
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机械水直播稻田杂草及其综合治理 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
水直播稻田杂草发生严重,是制约水直播稻高产的关键因子之一。本文研究了水直播稻田杂草的发生与危害规律,提出了防治水直播稻田杂草的关键在于防止杂草出土,建立以化学防治为主,协调各种农艺除草措施为基础的水直播稻田杂草综合治理体系。 相似文献
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广东省稻田杂草控制效果及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解常规管理条件下对广东稻田杂草的控制效果及其影响因素,于2015年对粤东、粤西、粤北地区及珠江三角洲的早、晚季稻田杂草进行了调查分析。结果表明:在常规控制措施下稻田中综合草害指数与水稻产量呈负相关,推荐剂量的除草剂不能有效控制稻田杂草的危害,特别是在早季需要辅以人工措施对稻田杂草进行管理。稻田杂草对除草剂产生了不同程度的抗药性。化学除草剂成本低,水稻种植者目前仍可以通过更换除草剂品种和加大剂量对杂草进行控制。化感抑草品种的推广需要在品质和产量上进一步满足生产的需要。在杂草耐药性增加、环境和政策要求减少化学除草剂投入的双重压力下,选育具有化感抑草效果的水稻品种,结合农艺措施,应该成为今后稻田控草的发展方向之一。 相似文献
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当前我国水稻田登记的除草剂活性成分组合共204种, 包括55种单剂和149种复配剂?在总结各种稻田除草剂应用技术要素的基础上, 提出稻田除草剂选用中具有普遍性的6个关键问题, 包括:水稻栽培方式?稻田除草剂施用时期?施用方法?稻田主要禾本科杂草种类?稻田非禾本科主要杂草类型?田间杂草生育期; 基于各种除草剂品种对应上述6个问题上的应用特点, 开发了“稻田除草剂选用参考系统”, 该手机软件共1.8 MB, 可以在安卓手机上安装使用?该软件可以根据用户在上述6个问题上的选项组合, 直接获得适用除草剂品种清单; 也可以根据用户输入除草剂名称所含字词, 检索相关的除草剂品种清单?此外, 软件中列出了每种除草剂的使用技术要点? 相似文献
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群体质量型栽培稻田杂草的发生及防除对策 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
近几年来，群体质量型栽培技术在我市水稻生产上得到大面积推广应用，我市水稻产量逐年上升，１９９６年全市２０２．１３万亩水稻，平均亩产５７６．２ｋｇ，创历史最高水平。实行群体质量型栽培，拓宽行距，减少基本苗，调肥控水，间歇灌溉，代替过去稻田长期积水，故稻田杂草的发生出现了新情况。本文就我市两年来大面积草害调查和杂草防除试验结果，对群体质量型栽培稻田杂草发生及防除对策作了探讨。一、稻田杂草发生与防除概况我市稻田杂草种类繁多，单、双子叶杂草并存，呈一年生和多年生杂草混发的格局。据全市杂草普查资料和草相监… 相似文献
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HIROAKI WATANABE 《Weed Biology and Management》2011,11(4):175-189
Since the introduction of rice production in Japan, lowland areas have been managed for rice production with the purpose of better rice growth, as well as lesser weed infestation. Rice is cropped every year in lowland fields by repeated cultivation of a single crop, with high yields and without soil sickness usually being observed in upland fields. This is probably because the irrigation water supplies various nutrients for healthy rice growth and the drainage washes out and removes harmful factors. However, until recently, the wet or flooded conditions of lowland fields in the Asian monsoon region never have allowed humans to cultivate useful summer crops, except rice or some aquatic plants. Therefore, the management of lowland areas in the Asian monsoon region has been significantly different from European field management, where crop rotation has been the traditional standard practice. Paddy weeds are aquatic plants or hygrophytes that have adapted to lowland fields. Traditionally, tillage and puddling were practiced seasonally in lowland fields on a regular schedule every year. Rice cultivation technology was developed and supported by regional irrigation systems that created stable environments for typical paddy weeds to complete their life cycle. After the introduction of chemical weed control, rice fields became very severe habitats for these paddy weeds, where they could not grow and reproduce without strategies for survival under herbicide exposure. Even so, many of the traditional paddy weeds survived because of their accumulated or uneradicated seed banks, although several aquatic plants were listed as endangered or threatened species. The important weed species changed, sometimes rapidly and sometimes slowly, depending both on their reproductive system and their biological response towards field management and weed control systems. Very recently, the level of perennial weeds, herbicide‐resistant weeds, and weedy rice has increased in paddy fields that are highly dependent on herbicide use. In addition, several hygrophyte species have invaded paddy fields. In order to address these issues, the improvement and application of integrated weed management methods are expected to be critical. 相似文献
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为明确嘧草醚及其相关除草剂混用对移栽田杂草的防效及其对水稻和后茬作物的安全性,于2018年在江西双季稻田进行了田间试验。结果表明:10%嘧草醚WP对稗Echinochloa crus-galli有优异的防除效果,有效剂量45～120 g/hm~2处理药后45 d对早稻和晚稻田稗草的防效均在90%以上,且对水稻和后茬作物油菜、白菜、紫云英、小麦和马铃薯生长安全,但对阔叶类鸭舌草和莎草类异型莎草的防效较差;10%嘧草醚WP分别与10%苄嘧磺隆WP和25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD混用,对早稻和晚稻田稗草、鸭舌草和异型莎草的防效均达91%以上,且对水稻生长安全;而与扑草净混用对杂草的防效略低,且对水稻会产生药害,严重影响产量。因此,对于以稗草为优势种群的水稻田,可选用10%嘧草醚WP 45～60 g/hm~2进行防治;对于禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草发生并重的水稻田,可选择10%嘧草醚WP 30～45 g/hm~2与10%苄嘧磺隆WP或25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD 20～30 g/hm~2混用进行治理。 相似文献
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我国水稻田杂草抗药性研究进展 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一,杂草的危害严重影响了水稻的产量与品质。化学防除仍然是治理水稻田杂草最有效的途径。目前我国水稻田稗属杂草、千金子、马唐、雨久花、野慈姑、异型莎草、耳叶水苋、眼子菜、节节菜、萤蔺等多种杂草对二氯喹啉酸、五氟磺草胺、氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、双草醚、噁草酮、乙氧氟草醚等多种常用除草剂产生了抗药性。面对日趋严重的水稻田抗药性杂草的危害,对抗药性杂草进行深入系统的研究以达到科学防治的目的显得尤为重要。本文总结了我国水稻田抗药性杂草的抗药性水平、靶标酶抗药性机理、代谢酶抗药性机理和其他抗药性机理,归纳了抗药性杂草的交互抗性、多抗性发生情况以及抗药性治理现状,分析了我们在杂草抗药性研究与治理方面面临的问题。 相似文献
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This study assessed the cultural and weed management factors influencing the weed communities of Hungarian rice fields. Hungary is situated at the northern limit of rice production with a history of about 300 years of rice culture. We surveyed the weed flora and 25 background variables in 100 active rice fields. Using a minimal adequate model containing 11 terms, 48.5% of the total variation in weed species data could be explained. The net effects of nine variables on species composition were significant. Crop cover was found to be the most important explanatory variable, which was followed by the herbicides penoxsulam and azimsulfuron, tillage depth, phosphorous and potassium fertilisers, years after last rotation, water depth in May, sowing type, pendimethalin and water conductivity. Filamentous algae, as the most abundant group of weeds, were positively associated with deep tillage, deep water and surface sowing. Echinochloa crus‐galli, one of the most troublesome grass weeds, was associated with low rice cover, shallow water and later years after crop rotation, while weedy rice favoured high crop cover, deep water and soil sowing. These findings can be used to design improved weed management strategies. The occurrence of red list species and charophytes in diverse micro‐mosaic patterns deserves attention from a conservation perspective, as well. The maintenance of these unique charophyte communities can be facilitated by shallow tillage without soil inversion. 相似文献
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Rabiatuladawiyah Ruzmi Muhammad S. Ahmad‐Hamdani Baki B. Bakar 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(1):3-16
The management of weeds in Malaysian rice fields is very much herbicide‐based. The heavy reliance on herbicide for weed control by many rice‐growers arguably eventually has led to the development and evolution of herbicide‐resistant biotypes in Malaysian rice fields over the years. The continuous use of synthetic auxin (phenoxy group) herbicides and acetohydroxyacid synthase‐inhibiting herbicides to control rice weeds was consequential in leading to the emergence and prevalence of resistant weed biotypes. This review discusses the history and confirmed cases and incidence of herbicide‐resistant weeds in Malaysian rice fields. It also reviews the Clearfield Production System and its impact on the evolution of herbicide resistance among rice weed species and biotypes. This review also emphasizes the strategies and management options for herbicide‐resistant rice field weeds within the framework of herbicide‐based integrated weed management. These include the use of optimum tillage practices, certified clean seeds, increased crop competition through high seeding rates, crop rotation, the application of multiple modes of action of herbicides in annual rotations, tank mixtures and sequential applications to enable a broad spectrum of weed control, increase the selective control of noxious weed species in a field and help to delay the resistance evolution by reducing the selection pressure that is forced on those weed populations by a specific herbicidal mode of action. 相似文献
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小麦是我国主要的粮食作物, 麦田草害的发生与危害严重影响小麦的产量与品质。我国小麦田的禾本科杂草主要包括日本看麦娘、看麦娘、菵草和多花黑麦草等, 田间杂草防除主要依靠化学除草剂。精噁唑禾草灵自20世纪80年代进入我国市场以来, 长期用于小麦田禾本科杂草防除, 已经报道麦田多种禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵产生了高水平抗药性。为更加科学合理地控制小麦田杂草的发生与危害, 一些学者就麦田禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵的抗药性水平监测和抗性机理进行了系统研究。本文系统总结了我国小麦田抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的发生种群、抗性水平、靶标酶抗性机理与非靶标抗性机理, 还梳理了抗性杂草的交互抗性与多抗性发生情况, 分析了我国在抗性杂草治理方面的经验以及面临的问题, 为农田杂草防除提供指导。 相似文献
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Rice yield losses by competition with weeds in rainfed paddy fields in north-east Thailand 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SHINSUKE TOMITA SHUICHI MIYAGAWA YASUYUKI KONO CHAIRAT NOICHANA TATSUYA INAMURA YOSHIKATSU NAGATA AKKADET SRIBUTTA EIJI NAWATA 《Weed Biology and Management》2003,3(3):162-171
Economic growth in recent years has induced a labor shortage for agriculture in north-east Thailand. Labor-saving techniques, such as the replacement of transplanting with direct seeding, have become widespread. Direct seeding methods have advantages over transplanting regarding labor savings and reductions in production risks, but may cause weed problems. Therefore, rice yield reduction by competition with weeds becomes a potential problem in this region. In the present research, the extent of weed competition in rice production from the viewpoint of resource level and disturbance intensity was studied. A large number of paddy fields from a wide range of climatic, topographical, soil and hydrological conditions were analyzed. The survey was conducted every 3 weeks, and data on paddy cultivation, weeds and water conditions were recorded. Average yield of direct seeded rice was significantly lower than that of transplanted rice. The yield decreased with resource decreases in both direct seeded (DSF) and transplanted paddy fields (TF). Although the yield was not different under resource-rich conditions, the yield of direct seeded rice was lower than that of transplanted rice under resource-medium and -poor conditions. Competition intensity was not different among resource levels or between DSF and TF. Competition intensity in all fields was between 0.02 and 0.09 on average, indicating 2–9% yield losses caused by competition with weeds regardless of resource level and disturbance intensity. This suggests that low yield of direct seeded rice under resource-medium and -poor conditions was not mainly caused by competition with weeds, whereas yield losses by weeds were observed in all field types. However, from an economical viewpoint, weeding should be applied only to limited parts of this region with stable and relatively high rice yields. 相似文献