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榆近脉三节叶蜂生物学与防治技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
榆近脉三节叶蜂(Aprocers leucopoda Takeuchi)是近几年发现的一种新害虫,中国新记录种。该虫严重危害榆树,分布于甘肃天水海拔1 720~1 950 m之间,1年发生4代,以预蛹越冬。非越冬茧结于叶背;越冬茧结于2~5 cm表土中。幼虫食叶危害,每年5月上旬至8月下旬为猖獗危害期。以25%灭幼Ⅲ号胶悬剂和40%氧乐果乳油1 500倍液防治3龄前幼虫,防效达95%以上。 相似文献
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双齿锤角叶蜂（Odontocimbex svenhediniMalaise）是近年发生于甘肃天水刺五加（Acanthopanax senticosus）的一种食叶新害虫,其寄主刺五加是首次报道。该虫1年发生1代,翌年4月上旬越冬预蛹开始化蛹,4月中旬成虫羽化,下旬开始产卵,卵产于叶背面或正面主脉周围叶表皮下,卵期9~11 d;幼虫食叶为害,共5龄,6月上旬至7月中旬为猖獗为害期,6月下旬幼虫开始老熟,老熟幼虫于寄主或周围非寄主植物枝条结茧越夏越冬。5月中下旬3龄前幼虫期,用25%灭幼脲悬浮剂1 500倍液,防效达95%以上。用3%高渗苯氧威乳油或1.8%阿维菌素乳油5 000 倍液,防治3龄后幼虫,防效达92%以上。 相似文献
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淡剑袭夜蛾的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
淡剑袭夜蛾[Sidemia depravata(Butler)]是细叶结缕草(Zoysia tenuifolia Willd.ex Trin.台湾草)的主要害虫之一。以幼虫食害叶片和茎,致使叶片枯黄,严重时成丛枯死,形似火烧,影响生长和观察。根据室内饲养和田间观察,此种夜蛾在桂林雁山每年发生7代,以幼虫或蛹在草根内越冬。幼虫5龄,三龄前是药剂防治的有利时机。80%敌敌畏乳油,40%乐果乳油以及40%水胺硫磷乳剂,各按1000—1500倍液,或25%杀虫脒水剂300倍液淋灌,对幼虫防效均可达90%以上。 相似文献
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黑斑红毛斑蛾的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑斑红毛斑蛾(Phauda triadum Waluer)是薜荔(Ficus pumila L.)上的主要食叶害虫。在江西一年发生一代,以三龄幼虫在寄主叶片或枝条上越冬,翌年2月开始活动、取食。结茧期为4月下旬初—5月上旬;成虫发生期为5月下旬初—6月初;卵发生期为5月下旬初—6月上旬;幼虫孵化期为6月上、中旬。幼虫孵化后经少量取食即以一龄幼虫越夏。9月初秋凉后,幼虫进入二龄,10月中旬进入三龄,并以此虫龄越冬。卵期10—11天;幼虫期304—328天;茧期27—30天;成虫寿命9—15天。幼虫孵化末期是药防治的最佳时期。 相似文献
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芦苞螟Chilo luteellus(Motschulsky)1年发生1代,以二—三龄幼虫在芦苇茎、根茎内或土层内越冬。产卵盛期为6月下旬至7月上旬,幼虫为害盛期为7月上、中旬。单雌产卵量为119—147粒。幼虫5龄,室温下历期351天。防治适期在孵化盛期。喷施甲基1605乳油1000倍;甲基1605粉剂或粘虫散,每亩2.5公斤,幼虫死亡率均在90%以上。 相似文献
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山植是近年来我国北方各地发展较快的果树之一。山楂粘叶蜂(Allantus sp.)是新发现的仅为害山楂叶片的一种单食性害虫,为国内一新种。该虫在吉林省长春地区1年发生1代及一不完全的第2代。以老熟幼虫结茧在树盘下0—7cm的表土内越冬,盛夏7月份为害最重,但幼虫发生期可一直延续到9月上、中旬。为害幼虫体覆透明粘液。老熟幼虫在土中结茧化蛹。成虫和幼虫均有假死性。当前生产上可结合其他害虫的防治,用50%辛硫磷或50%杀螟松乳油1000倍液等有机磷杀虫剂;20%杀灭菊酯或20%灭扫利乳油4000—5000倍液等合成菊酯类农药常规喷雾,防治效果达90%以上。还可结合防治桃小食心虫等进行树盘土壤药剂处理。 相似文献
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榕木虱生物学特性及药剂控制技术研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年,重庆北碚地区小叶榕(Ficusbeijamina L.)上的木虱类害虫危害严重。经鉴定,发生在小叶榕上的木虱为榕木虱(Macrohomotoma gladiatum Kuwayama),榕木虱在重庆北碚地区一年发生4代,以卵和若虫在树芽内越冬,周年以若虫危害树芽,4～11月均可见成虫,世代重叠现象明显,其产卵期与小叶榕抽梢期相吻合。在药剂控制技术探索中,发现用注干法施用30%敌畏.氧乐乳油和用环割法施用40%氧乐果乳油10倍液,药后10d防效分别为75.56%和59.24%。 相似文献
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为明确转Bt基因玉米对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的抗性,采用室内玉米离体组织生测法测定取食转Cry1Ab-ma基因抗虫玉米CM8101心叶、花丝和籽粒后草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫存活数量、存活幼虫的体重、蛹重、化蛹和羽化等参数,分析转Cry1Ab-ma基因抗虫玉米CM8101三种组织对草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫的抗性。结果显示,转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米CM8101心叶可完全杀死草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫,2龄幼虫有存活,存活率为10.0%,但不能化蛹与羽化;花丝可杀死大部分草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫,存活率为3.3%,并阻断其生活史,但对2龄幼虫杀伤力弱,存活率为73.3%,存活幼虫化蛹率和羽化率分别为20.0%和13.3%;籽粒可完全杀死草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫,2龄幼虫有存活,存活率为13.3%,有少量可化蛹,化蛹率为3.3%、有少量羽化,羽化率为3.3%。表明转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米CM8101在短期内对草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫有良好的控制作用。 相似文献
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为明确300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油对花生网斑病的田间防治效果以及对植株主要农艺性状和产量的影响,本文进行了300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油不同施药次数、不同施药浓度以及与生长调节剂混用配施对花生网斑病的田间防效试验。结果表明,300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油3 000倍施药3~5次田间防效无显著差异,均可达到67%以上;采用稀释浓度1 500倍和3 000倍从发病初期开始连续施用3次防治效果较好,防效分别为71.19%和67.90%;300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油与植物生长调节剂混配试验结果表明,3 000倍液于花生网斑病发生初期配施0.136%赤·吲乙·芸苔8 000倍液1次,随后每隔10d喷施300g/L苯甲·丙环唑EC 1次,连续施药2次,其防治效果高于其他处理,为78.28%;同时具有显著增产作用,较对照增产47.45%。 相似文献
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为筛选高效、低毒的杀虫剂，测定1.5%除虫菊素、0.3%印楝素、4%阿维·啶虫脒、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯和70%吡虫啉5种杀虫剂对苜蓿种子田主要害虫牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti和豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的室内毒力和田间防效，并分析这5种药剂对主要传粉昆虫数量及多样性指数的影响。结果显示，0.3%印楝素对牛角花齿蓟马和豌豆蚜的毒力相对较高，LC50分别为1.093 mg/L和2.864 mg/L。70%吡虫啉以及4%阿维·啶虫脒对牛角花齿蓟马和豌豆蚜均有较高的防效，最高防效均达到85.00%以上，但这2种药剂对传粉昆虫威胁较大，而0.3%印楝素则对传粉昆虫威胁较小。推荐花期苜蓿种子田使用0.3%印楝素1 000倍稀释液防控害虫，而非开花期可交替使用70%吡虫啉1 000倍稀释液和4%阿维·啶虫脒1 000倍稀释液防控害虫。 相似文献
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Marked changes in the relative toxicity of topically-applied abamectin were found between larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis, toxicity decreasing up to the fifth instar but increasing over 500-fold (at LD50 level) in the sixth instar. By contrast, the toxicity of abamectin remained constant from fifth to sixth instar Heliothis armigera and there was an increase in the toxicity of two chemically unrelated insecticides, malathion (4-fold) and lambda-cyhalothrin (2.5-fold), from fifth to sixth instar S. littoralis. Prior topical application or injection of the microsomal oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PB) increased the toxicity of abamectin (6–8 and 16-fold respectively) against fifth instar S. littoralis, while topically-applied PB increased the proportion of radioactivity present as abamectin in the ventral nerve cord of this instar following topical application with [3H]abamectin. Topically-applied PB also enhanced the toxicity of abamectin against third (4-fold) and fourth instar (5-fold) S. littoralis but had no significant effect on sixth instar S. littoralis, fifth instar H. armigera, or on the toxicity of malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin against fifth instar S. littoralis. Topical application of the esterase inhibitor, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorothioate (DEF) significantly increased the toxicity of abamectin at the LD50 level (3-fold) against fifth instar S. littoralis. The toxicity of injected abamectin against fifth instar S. littoralis was greater (20-fold) than with topical application but injected abamectin was less toxic (2-fold) against sixth instar S. littoralis and had no significant effect on fifth instar H. armigera. It is suggested that differential toxicity of abamectin is due in part to greater metabolism and reduced penetration in fifth instar S. littoralis than in sixth instar S. littoralis or fifth instar H. armigera. 相似文献
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Susanne Heiska Olli-Pekka Tikkanen Matti Rousi Satu Turtola Veijo Tirkkonen Beat Meier Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):275-285
Eight Dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia) clones and two naturally hybridised clones (S. myrsinifolia × S. phylicifolia), that are considered to be suitable for herbal production, were cultivated for 2 years in Luikonlahti and Punkaharju. Both
experimental sites are located in eastern Finland and the distance between the sites is 140 km. Different cultivation methods
were used, including combinations of soil tillage, plastic mulch and fertilisation, with the aim of comparing the growth and
susceptibility of plants to pathogens and willow-eating herbivores amongst the clones cultivated by different methods. In
both study years 2001 and 2002, Melampsora rust-infected willows occurred in Luikonlahti and in Punkaharju. The extent of rust severity varied greatly between the years
and experimental areas and amongst the clones. In 2002, fertilisation increased rust severity in Luikonlahti, but the effect
was the converse in Punkaharju. Mulch effect on rust severity was clone-dependent. Vole feeding was observed in 56% of the
plants in Luikonlahti during the winter 2001–2002 and the frequency of damaged plants was nearly twice as much amongst the
willows grown in unmulched soil as those with plastic mulch. Cultivation method had no effect on feeding by leaf beetles or
the abundance of aphids. Of the cultivation methods tested here, plastic mulch seems to have the most important influence
on willow cultivation, particularly by improving willow growth and also by decreasing winter-feeding by voles. 相似文献
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对广西芒果树叶片苔藓的发生情况及防治药剂进行了初步研究?调查了广西芒果主产区的南宁市(武鸣区?兴宁区)和百色市(田东县?田阳县?田林县和右江区)?在南宁市开展4种药剂的18种不同浓度或者配比组合的药剂筛选试验?结果表明, 南宁市芒果树叶片平均发病率达到88.5%, 右江区发病率为81.7%, 其后依次为田东县?田林县和田阳县, 发病率分别为56.1%?54.8%和34.2%?通过不同药剂及其不同配比药效试验, 80%乙蒜素乳油的防效极显著优于46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂?32%唑酮·乙蒜素乳油和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂?80%乙蒜素乳油500倍液?1 000倍液和1 500倍液的防效分别为93.37%?85.82%和51.85%?综上, 芒果树叶片苔藓已在广西全区普遍发生, 南宁市和右江区受害严重, 推荐使用80%乙蒜素乳油1 000倍液防治? 相似文献
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采用光学视频接触角测量仪测定了苹果叶片的表面自由能,以及2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯水乳剂(beta-cyfluthrin EW)稀释液的表面张力及静态接触角、0~60 s动态接触角。结果表明:苹果叶片近轴面的表面自由能为52.76 m J/m2,以极性分量为主导;而远轴面的表面自由能为21.79 m J/m2,且以色散力分量(非极性分量)为主导。高效氟氯氰菊酯水乳剂2 000倍稀释液的表面张力为52.45 m N/m,与25 g/L高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油3 000倍稀释液的相近,远低于去离子水的表面张力74.65 m N/m;其静态接触角与25 g/L高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油3 000倍稀释液的无显著差异,且在0~60 s内接触角下降趋势最快。研究表明:苹果叶片的近轴面比远轴面更易被药液润湿;在苹果园喷施2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯水乳剂时,药液的稀释倍数不宜太高,以2 000倍为最佳。 相似文献
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为有效防控新入侵我国的重大农业害虫草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda,采用浸叶法测定球孢白僵菌 Beauveria bassiana菌株Bb1237、 Bb201017、 Bb20091317及金龟子绿僵菌 Metarhiziumanisopliae菌株Ma189和莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi菌株MrCDTLJ1对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致病力,筛选对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫有较强致病力的菌株,并测定该菌株对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致病力和对其天敌的致死率。结果显示,球孢白僵菌Bb20091317和莱氏绿僵菌MrCDTLJ1对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的累计校正死亡率显著高于其他菌株,分别为95.59%和97.06%,致死中时LT50分别为3.42 d和5.72 d, LC50分别为7.05×106个/mL和2.25×105个/mL。2种菌在高浓度1×108个/mL下对草地贪夜蛾天敌夜蛾黑卵蜂 Telenomus remus和玉米螟赤眼蜂 Trichogramma ostriniae成蜂的致死率也仅介于15%~20%之间。表明球孢白僵菌Bb20091317和莱氏绿僵菌MrCDTLJ1不仅对草地贪夜蛾有高致病力,同时与夜蛾黑卵蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂有较好的相容性。 相似文献