共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为开发梅岭地区大型真菌资源,研究梅岭高校园区大型真菌资源多样性,采用孢子弹射分离法和组织分离法分离菌种,按Ainsworh分类系统进行分类。共采集到野生大型真菌标本115个,整理鉴定出77种大型真菌,隶属于担子菌亚门层菌纲和腹菌纲,共5目22科44属,其中食用菌31种,木腐菌16种,药用菌9种,毒菌17种和菌根菌4种,发现江西省新记录9种;不同植物群落中大型真菌的物种多样性有所差异,优势类群为口蘑科和多孔菌科;获得52种大型真菌的纯培养物,初步建立了一个校园大型真菌的菌种库。 相似文献
2.
本系统以有丝分裂孢子真菌的形态特征为基本数据,在Visual FoxPro 6.0平台开发了一个有丝分裂孢子真菌形态分类鉴定辅助系统。系统由4个功能模块组成,存贮了425个属级分类阶元的形态特征,实现了有丝分裂孢子真菌属级分类阶元形态特征资料查询和分类鉴定辅助功能。 相似文献
3.
为了探明干旱环境下AM真菌形态结构及其生态适应性,2009年7月在内蒙古和河北农牧交错带选取4个样地,采集沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)根围土壤样品,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对分离的AM真菌进行分类鉴定。共分离鉴定3属17种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)11种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)5种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种。沙棘AM真菌孢子具有体积小、颜色深、孢壁厚,整体形态不饱满等特征,表现出对干旱荒漠环境的生态适应性。扫描电镜下,不同属种孢子表面纹饰特征差异明显,可作为AM真菌属种分类的参考依据。 相似文献
4.
宁夏贺兰山的大型真菌区系成分十分丰富,具有10种以上的属有4个,含59种,占贺兰山大型真菌总数的27.83%。含有5～10个种的属有10个,含57种,占大型真菌总数的26.89%。5个种以下的有55属,含96种,占总数的45.28%。69个属中世界广布属有18个,北温带分布属有15个。从种的组成上看,世界广布种36个,占总种数的16.98%;北温带分布种有56个,占总种数的26.42%;除此之外还有东亚-北美间断的分布种21个,占总数的9.91%;中国-日本分布种有7个,占总数的3.30%;欧亚大陆分布种17个,占总数的8.02%;这说明宁夏贺兰山的大型真菌区系表现出明显的北温带区系特征。 相似文献
5.
悬滴培养制片在真菌检疫方面的应用关少枫张秀丽（丹东动植物检疫局１１８０００）口岸真菌检疫中，观察培养性状、各类孢子器及孢子的形态特征以及它们的形成、发育是很重要的，甚至有些亲缘关系很近的真菌都可通过这些观察加以区分。真菌的悬滴培养就是实现上述目的一种... 相似文献
6.
大豆疫霉菌单孢分离物生物学性状的遗传变异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了大豆疫霉菌单游动孢子无性分离物和自交单卵孢子分离物的菌丝生长速率、菌落形态、同宗配合性状、产孢量以及对甲霜灵敏感性的遗传变异。结果表明:菌落形态、生长速率和同宗配合性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代可稳定遗传,控制上述性状的遗传因子是纯合的;大豆疫霉菌的游动孢子产生能力和对甲霜灵的敏感性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代中均发生连续性变异,表明这两种性状可能是数量遗传性状,也可能控制这两种性状的基因为杂合基因或细胞质遗传因子。 相似文献
7.
叶枯病是小麦常见病害,由多种病菌引起。本文通过野生二粒小麦叶片的叶枯病病斑表型,菌落和孢子形态,真菌ITS1、5.8SrDNA和ITS2区域序列的进化分析以及科赫氏法则等试验表明,链格孢真菌Alternaria alternata是本研究供试野生二粒小麦叶枯病的致病菌。为进一步研究野生二粒小麦中抗病基因的遗传特性,配置了抗感杂交并获得了遗传群体。对F1、F2以及F3株系病情的遗传分析表明,在抗病亲本‘JIC1060003’中存在一对显性抗病基因,同时双亲中可能还存在微效的数量性状抗病位点。本研究为进一步通过遗传作图获得与抗病基因连锁的分子标记和抗病基因的进一步利用奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
为探讨真藓属植物的蒴齿结构和孢子形态特征的分类学价值,本文通过扫描电子显微镜观察了采自阿尔金山国家级自然保护区18种真藓属植物的成熟孢蒴。结果表明：（1）外齿层齿片的形态、齿片外侧表面的纹饰、内齿层齿条的穿孔大小、基膜高低和齿毛发育程度等蒴齿结构特征以及孢子纹饰在真藓属的部分类群间具有较稳定的差异,又是种内相对稳定的性状,在属下类群的划分中具有重要的参考价值。（2）真藓属中发育较完全的蒴齿具相对较长的齿片、较高的基膜、较宽的齿条和带节瘤的齿毛,而较简单的蒴齿具较短的齿片、较低的基膜、较狭的齿条和退化的齿毛或无。（3）真藓属在阿尔金山较为丰富的物种多样性与该类群植物适于干燥环境中孢子散布和传播的蒴齿结构及孢子特征有密切关系。 相似文献
9.
采用典型样地法和线路调查法对保护区内大型真菌资源进行调查研究,了解和掌握五鹿山自然保护区野生大型真菌的组成及生态分布特征。研究结果表明:五鹿山自然保护区内随机分布大型真菌94种,隶属于2亚门34科59属,以广布成分和北温带成分为主;在生态分布上,因海拔高度、植被类型等的差异,呈现较强的垂直地带性和水平地带性;在区系亲缘关系上,该自然保护区与陕西黄龙山自然保护区相似性系数最高,亲缘关系接近。 相似文献
10.
茶树叶面真菌与内生真菌群落结构的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用常规真菌分离法对健康茶树叶片叶面真菌和内生真菌进行分离,比较了叶面真菌和内生真菌的种群和数量差异。结果表明：从茶树品种黄旦（HD）共分离得到叶面真菌26个形态型,内生真菌18个形态型;从铁观音（TGY）共分离获得叶面真菌16个形态型,内生真菌15个形态型：分离所得真菌大多数为半知菌和子囊菌,少数为担子菌。采用稀释平板法和叶片组织黏附法两种不同的真菌分离方法,获得叶面真菌优势种的种类基本一致,但各种菌的数量差异明显;对黄旦和铁观音两品种比较,采用叶片组织黏附法分离所得叶面真菌的数量没有差异,但采用稀释平板法所获不同真菌的数量差异明显。真菌分离结果表明在茶树叶片表面和内部组织中生长有显著不同的真菌群落。 相似文献
11.
Effects of trampling and ethephon on leaf morphology in trampling-tolerant Plantago asiatica and Eleusine indica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The effects of simulated human trampling on leaf morphology and ethylene production as well as the effect of an ethylene releaser ethephon on leaf morphology were investigated for trampling-tolerant species, Plantago asiatica and Eleusine indica , and trampling-susceptible species, Gnaphalium affine and Panicum bisulcatum . In Pl. asiatica , trampling decreased the leaf length and increased the leaf blade length to width ratio and the leaf blade length to leaf (leaf blade + petiole) length ratio. In E. indica , trampling only decreased the leaf blade length to width ratio. Trampling increased ethylene production in intact seedlings of Pl. asiatica , E. indica and G. affine . The ethephon (1 mM) treatment increased the leaf blade length to width ratio in seedlings of Pl. asiatica , but decreased that in seedlings of E. indica in a manner similar to the morphological changes induced by trampling. In contrast, no significant differences in leaf morphology were observed between the ethephon-treated and control seedlings of trampling-susceptible species. These results suggest that trampling-tolerant species have higher responsiveness to ethylene than trampling-susceptible species and change their leaf morphology in response to ethylene induced by trampling. 相似文献
12.
为了明确不同白僵菌菌株的生物学特征,对15株白僵菌菌株的ITS片段进行测序分析,并对这些菌株的菌落生长速率、产孢量、孢子萌发率、单芽管孢子萌发比例、单芽管平均长度和长芽管平均长度等多项生物学指标进行测定。结果表明,单芽管孢子萌发比例变化范围在11．91％～96．03％;单芽管平均长度和双芽管平均长度分别为6．28-21．43μm和10．338～19．902μm;各菌株间孢子萌发率差异很大,变化范围22．09％-86．32％。对菌株的培养特性（孢子萌发率、产孢量和菌落生长速率）与孢子萌发特性（单芽管孢子萌发比例、芽管总平均长度和芽管整齐度）这两个主因子进行典型相关分析,两性状集团总体相关不显著（P=0．341）,而孢子萌发率与单芽管孢子萌发比例相关显著,菌落生长速率与芽管总平均长度呈显著相关。 相似文献
13.
Increases in resistance of aerial tubers (cultivars Désirée, Epicure and King Edward) against nine pathogenic potato fungi were determined in vitro using freeze-dried powder derived from subterranean and aerial tubers as a culture medium, and in vivo by inoculating both tuber types with the storage pathogens Fusarium sulphureum, F . solani var. coeruleum, Phoma exigua var. foveata and Polyscytalum pustulans . Significantly reduced growth rates and spore and conidiophore numbers were recorded when pathogens were cultured on freeze-dried powder derived from aerial tubers. No effects on spore size of F . solani var. coeruleum were recorded but spore and conidiophore lengths of remaining pathogens were reduced and width increased, except for Colletotrichum coccodes , where the diameter of acervuli increased, and P . exigua var. foveata , where spore length and width were reduced. Reduced disease incidence, severity and spore numbers were recorded on aerial compared with subterranean tubers inoculated in vivo with the four storage pathogens. Spore length of P . pustulans was reduced and spore width increased, while spore length and width of P . exigua var. foveata were reduced on aerial compared with subterranean tubers inoculated with these pathogens. No effects on spore size of Fusarium spp. were recorded. Concentrations of glycoalkaloids, chlorogenic acid, calcium and magnesium were higher in aerial than in subterranean tuber tissue, which may have contributed to increased resistance and effects on size and morphology of fungal spores. The implications of using aerial tubers as an alternative technique for the production of seed potatoes and their importance to the potato industry are discussed. 相似文献
14.
为明确外来入侵植物对本地湿地植物多样性的影响，在北京市湿地选择23个样地共245个样方进行物种多样性调查，并从不同植物性状数据库获取样方中所有植物的株高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积和比叶面积等10个功能性状数据，对比分析入侵群落与本地群落的物种多样性、系统发育多样性和功能多样性特征。结果显示，在北京市湿地共记录到26种外来入侵草本植物，隶属10科19属，其中，菊科外来入侵植物种类最多，有10种。除比叶面积、叶片碳含量和株高的系统发育信号显著外，其余7种植物功能性状的系统发育信号均不显著，表明大多数功能性状未表现出系统发育保守性。入侵群落所有物种的物种多样性指标Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数以及系统发育多样性指标谱系多样性和平均最近谱系发育距离均显著高于本地群落和入侵群落本地物种，而入侵群落本地物种的功能分散指数和Rao''Q二次熵指数均显著高于本地群落，表明外来物种入侵改变了湿地植物的生物多样性，且外来物种入侵后群落谱系多样性趋于发散，说明与本地植物亲缘关系越远的入侵物种越容易在湿地群落中建立种群，符合达尔文归化假说。 相似文献
15.
Xue YANG Junpeng LI Tingting ZHAO Lidong MO Jianli ZHANG Huiqin REN Nianxi ZHAO 《干旱区科学》2019,11(1):66-74
Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration. 相似文献
16.
绿僵菌是一类常见且极具应用价值的生物防治材料。目前绿僵菌分类系统取得了突破性的进展,然而新分类系统在国内尚未普遍采用。本文用该系统研究了近年来分离自大别山区僵虫的21株绿僵菌的物种多样性。在对大别山绿僵菌菌株的形态学研究基础上;对其转录延长因子（EF-1a）进行了进一步的PCR扩增、测序和同源性分析,并选用MEGA软件依据简约法构建EF-1a系统发育树。结果表明,21株菌株在新系统中分别属于5个种,即贵州绿僵菌、大孢绿僵菌、蚱蜢绿僵菌、黄绿绿僵菌瘿绵蚜变种和棕色绿僵菌,并对中国新纪录棕色绿僵菌进行了形态学的描述。该研究基本明确了大别山区的绿僵菌物种多样性,为生物防治菌株提供了科学鉴定方法和丰富种质资源。 相似文献
17.
The egg morphology of the following medically important small flukes from Southeast Asia and Far East were studied: Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchiidae), Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Stellantchasmus falcatus and Metagonimus sp. (Heterophydiae). This study revealed a great intraspecific variability and interspecific similarity in size and shape of eggs. The eggs shape does not seem to be suitable for species identification. On the other hand, biometrical analysis of egg size enabled us to divide eggs from the species studied into four distinct groups according to the Faust-Meleney index (FMI) characterizing egg size rather than the length and width of eggs. The surface structures of eggs, delineated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), appeared to be a suitable morphological feature for distinguishing some groups of small flukes. Eggs from the Haplorchiinae were typified by the characteristic filamentous mesh structure. The problems of identification of eggs in human stool samples and suitability of using morphological criteria such as shape and size of eggs are discussed herein. 相似文献
18.
为探究褐藻胶-富里酸改性石膏(AFG)对玉米(Zea mays L.)根系形态和植株生长的调控作用，评估AFG在玉米生产上的应用价值，于2022年设置6个AFG施用量：0(T0)、20(T20)、40(T40)、60(T60)、80(T80)、100 kg·hm-2(T100),分析施用AFG对玉米根系形态性状和产量的影响。结果表明：施用AFG处理较不施用处理显著提高了土壤有效硫含量；施用AFG对根系形态性状具有明显调控作用，与T0相比，根总长度、根表面积、根平均直径、根尖数、根体积和根干质量的提高幅度分别为7.6%～18.2%、14.0%～31.2%、5.1%～11.0%、11.6%～17.9%、20.9%～45.7%和7.8%～18.7%。与其他处理相比，T40处理的根系形态性状最优，进一步提高AFG施用量则调控效果有降低趋势。施用AFG处理的玉米单株籽粒产量较不施用处理增加2.6%～8.9%,并以T40处理的单株籽粒产量最高。根尖数、根表面积、根系体积、根总长度、根冠比、根干质量和根平均直径与单株籽粒产量呈显著相关，对单株籽粒产量影响最强的根系性状为根干质量... 相似文献
19.
对小桐子22个产地种子性状及苗期生长差异进行研究,共测定种子千粒重、纵径、横径、侧径、纵横径比、出苗率、苗高、地径等8个指标。分析表明不同产地小桐子种子形态、出苗率及苗高存在显著差异,但地径无显著差异。种子大小具有一定的经向变异。种子大小及千粒重分别受产地的年均温及降雨量影响。种子形态及千粒重与苗高、地径等生长特征无相关性,但种子千粒重对出苗率有较大的影响。根据种子形态特征将22个产地种子性状自然分布区初步划分为三个组群。结果表明:小桐子种子及苗期生长产地间存在一定分化,具有种源选择潜力;不能仅依据种子形态对幼苗生长做预测;较大区域内种子调拨及生产潜力大。研究结果对于小桐子种源选择及种子调拨生产等具有重要参考价值。 相似文献