共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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基于SPH方法的风沙流中沙粒速度分布数值计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙粒速度是沙粒传输理论研究中的重要参数,它可以反映风沙两相流运动中微观运动和宏观运动的信息。本文运用光滑粒子流体动力学（smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH）方法对风沙流动过程进行建模及数值计算,动态地显示跃移沙粒在整个风沙流过程中的运动状态,得到单个沙粒运动速度大小和方向的变化趋势,通过对单个沙粒的运动物理量进行统计分析,得到了沙粒群体运动行为的动力学特性。SPH方法的基本思想是将计算区域分解成独立的粒子,这些携带着自身质量,具有自身密度等物理特性的计算粒子可以随着控制方程运动,这点与自然界中沙粒的离散特点非常相符。本文针对SPH方法自身的关键因素进行了与风沙流特点相适应的改进和修正,使其在处理风沙流中两相物质的耦合时有它独到的优势。 相似文献
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毛乌素沙地风沙流结构的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用曲线拟合、拟合方程等方法,对毛乌素沙地南缘流动沙丘0～30cm垂直高度范围内的风沙流结构进行了分析研究。结果表明:在0～30cm高度,输沙率均与风速成正比,与高度成反比,幂函数拟合关系最佳。其中,各高度层输沙率随风速的变化分别呈幂函数或指数函数关系,同风速下输沙率随着高度的增加而减小,呈幂函数或指数函数关系;随着风速和气流中总输沙率的增加,0～30cm高度范围内的绝对输沙率增加,相对输沙率(%)的变化为下层趋于减少,中层略变,上层增加,风沙流结构的特征值λ增大;风沙流中沙粒粒度沿垂向变化为细沙增加,中沙减少,沙粒平均粒径变细。 相似文献
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南疆铁路风沙流结构特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对南疆铁路戈壁风沙流进行现场观测研究,提出了关于风沙流密度的计算方法,将大风所携沙粒定量化,解决了风沙运动研究中如何利用现场定时观测研究风沙流动态变化的技术难题.根据现场实测资料分析,揭示了南疆铁路风沙流密度随高度和风速的变化关系.从中可以看出,风沙流密度随高度变化显现斜"L"形,以3m高为分界点;而相对的风沙流密... 相似文献
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沙漠公路防护林不同林带位置的风沙流结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用BSNE集沙仪对沙漠公路两侧防护林的近地表风沙流结构进行研究,结果表明:(1)随着高度的增加,不同林带位置上部的输沙量趋于一致,各点风沙流输沙量差异主要集中在近地表处,而植被覆盖与否对近地表气流中的输沙量有决定性作用,输沙量表现为:迎风面流沙地林带间背风面林带内。(2)迎风面及流沙地风沙流输沙量主要分布在距地表20 cm高度内,背风面则集中分布在50 cm高度内,均占观测高度输沙总量的74%以上,林带间及林带内风沙流输沙量在各高度层分布较为平均,介于11%~23%之间。(3)护林体系外(迎风面、背风面及流沙地),风沙流输沙垂直分布差异很大,输沙量随高度增加呈幂函数形式降低,而防护林体系内(林带间及林带内),风沙流垂直分布差异趋于减小,输沙量随高度增加呈多项式形式先降低后增加。 相似文献
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风速对海岸沙丘表面风沙流结构影响的实证研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在河北昌黎黄金海岸形态典型的横向沙脊顶部,对不同风速下的风沙流结构进行了观测。结果表明:随着风速的增加,风沙流中40 cm高度内的绝对输沙量增加,40~60 cm高度内各层的绝对输沙量减少;相对输沙量,在0~4 cm高度内减少,4~20 cm高度内增加,20~44 cm高度内变化较小,44~60 cm高度内减少;风沙流结构模式在0~40 cm高程内为指数分布,但在0~60 cm高程内随风速增大由幂函数分布转变为指数函数分布,在40~60 cm高程内则转变为相关性更强的多项式函数分布。风速变化对风沙流结构的上述影响,主要与随风速增加增大了沙粒的搬运高度以及气流搬运沙物质的粒度组成有关。 相似文献
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戈壁、流沙地表风沙流特性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对戈壁、流沙地表风沙流特性的风洞模拟实验研究,风沙流中的风速廓线分布满足幂函数的形式,其幂指数在0.20左右。对于戈壁地表,在不同风速下,相同高度层含沙量具有很大的相关性,风沙活动层主要集中在距地表20cm范围内;由于沙粒与戈壁地表的砾石发生碰撞,风沙流不再服从对数关系递减,其极值出现的高度随风速的增加而上移,呈现"象鼻效应"。 相似文献
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新建格库铁路挡沙堤阻沙机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中基于FLUENT有限元软件,对挡沙堤周围流场和沙粒运动轨迹进行数值模拟。结果表明:当风沙流流经挡沙堤时,会在挡沙堤周围形成堤前减速区,集流加速区,高速区,背风低速区和速度恢复区;在气流速度恢复过程中,不同高度的气流层(某一高度处的气流)速度恢复到稳定值所需要的距离不同,气流层所处高度越大,经过挡沙堤后,恢复到初始速度所需的距离越小;随着初始风速的增大,挡沙堤有效防护距离在减小。通过不同风速下挡沙堤周围流场分析,1.5m高挡沙堤有效防护距离为12～20m,在有效防护距离之外,需要设置截沙沟来增强拦截效率;利用DPM模拟了沙粒运动轨迹,沙粒落点在10H左右的位置。综合流场分析和DPM模拟结果,推荐截沙沟的设置距离为8H～12H,可为现场施工提供一定理论支撑。 相似文献
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新疆和田河流域单株柽柳灌丛流场的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
柽柳是新疆和田河流域广泛分布的一种灌木,是影响柽柳灌丛沙堆发育的主要因素之一.依据风沙运动实验相似理论,以新疆和田河流域的柽柳灌丛为原型,用塑料制作成高(h)10 cm、冠幅10 cm×10 cm单株柽柳灌丛实验模型,在风洞中选用6,8,10,12 m/s和14 m/s5组不同风速,分别对单株柽柳灌丛模型作纯气流流场的模拟实验和在风沙流作用条件下单株柽柳灌丛周围沙粒蚀积特征的观测.模拟实验表明:在不同动力条件作用下,单株柽柳灌丛迎风侧的"足部"为一明显的气流减速区,但沙粒的蚀积特征表现为风蚀;在单株柽柳灌丛的上方一倍植株高度的范围内为气流加速区;在单株柽柳灌丛的背风侧顺风向为弱涡流区,表现为积沙、气流恢复区、风蚀;而在单株柽柳灌丛的两侧为气流的加速区,表现为强烈的风蚀;随着实验风速的增加,单株柽柳灌丛后涡流区内,积沙形成的沙条长短轴的长度经历了一个先减小后增大的变化过程;柽柳灌丛引发的风沙流流场结构的变化,干扰了风沙流的运行,对于维持柽柳灌丛沙堆的形态,促进柽柳灌丛沙堆的增长具有重要的作用. 相似文献
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Wind tunnel test on the effect of metal net fences on sand flux in a Gobi Desert,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway runs through an expansive windy area in a Gobi Desert, and sand-blocking fences were built to protect the railway from destruction by wind-blown sand. However, the shielding effect of the sand-blocking fence is below the expectation. In this study, effects of metal net fences with porosities of 0.5 and 0.7 were tested in a wind tunnel to determine the effectiveness of the employed two kinds of fences in reducing wind velocity and restraining wind-blown sand. Specifically, the horizontal wind velocities and sediment flux densities above the gravel surface were measured under different free-stream wind velocities for the following conditions: no fence at all, single fence with a porosity of 0.5, single fence with a porosity of 0.7, double fences with a porosity of 0.5, and double fences with a porosity of 0.7. Experimental results showed that the horizontal wind velocity was more significantly decreased by the fence with a porosity of 0.5, especially for the double fences. The horizontal wind velocity decreased approximately 65% at a distance of 3.25 m(i.e., 13 H, where H denotes the fence height) downwind the double fences, and no reverse flow or vortex was observed on the leeward side. The sediment flux density decreased exponentially with height above the gravel surface downwind in all tested fences. The reduction percentage of total sediment flux density was higher for the fence with a porosity of 0.5 than for the fence with a porosity of 0.7, especially for the double fences. Furthermore, the decreasing percentage of total sediment flux density decreased with increasing free-stream wind velocity. The results suggest that compared with metal net fence with a porosity of 0.7, the metal net fence with a porosity of 0.5 is more effective for controlling wind-blown sand in the expansive windy area where the Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway runs through. 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠过渡带风沙流结构特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用多种集沙仪,通过野外实时输沙观测,对塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠过渡带的地表风沙流特征进行了分析,结果表明：① 100 cm高度范围内,总输沙量的47.3%分布在30 cm高度内,这一比例小于前人的研究结果;输沙量随高度的变化比较符合幂函数分布。② 风沙流输沙的粒径以细砂、极细砂与粉砂为主,各高度层所占比例均达99%以上;风沙流输沙平均粒径随高度增加而减小,沙尘的含量随高度增加呈现“象鼻”状分布。③ 风沙流中贴地层风速廓线受风沙相互作用的影响,不再符合对数分布,更加符合幂函数u=azb分布。 相似文献
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土壤风蚀量随残茬高度的变化规律研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
在内蒙古自治区武川县建立农田土壤风蚀试验区,采用内蒙古农业大学研制的移动式风蚀风洞和旋风分离式集沙仪,直接在农田上观测不同残茬高度条件下的农田风蚀土壤损失情况。试验结果表明:土壤风蚀量和扬起沙尘的高度随风速的增加而增加,随着作物秸秆残茬高度的增加而降低,且输沙量与高度变化符合指数函数关系,土壤颗粒主要集中在近地表层内运动。保护性耕作可明显地提高启沙风速,减少农田土壤损失,当秸秆高度为30 cm时,风蚀量仅为传统耕地的1/4左右。 相似文献
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在内蒙古自治区武川县建立农田土壤风蚀试验区,采用内蒙古农业大学研制的移动式风蚀风洞和旋风分离式集沙仪,观测不同残茬高度条件下农田土壤的风蚀情况.试验结果表明:土壤风蚀量和扬起沙尘的高度随风速的增加而增加,随着作物秸秆残茬高度的增加而降低,且风蚀量与高度变化符合指数函数关系,土壤颗粒主要集中在近地表层内运动.保护性耕作可明显地提高起沙风速,减少农田土壤损失,当秸秆高度为30 cm时,风蚀量仅为传统耕地的1/4左右. 相似文献
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植被沙障对近地表风沙流特征影响的风洞实验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
植被沙障在一些地区已成为沙害防治的有效手段,其应用也越来越广泛,但对其治沙机理尚不很清楚.在盖度为10%,15%,20%,30%,40%,60%情况下,对植被沙障的防风固沙效益进行了风洞试验.实验风速设置为6,8,11 m/s,测定不同植被盖度的风速廓线特征、风沙流结构特征及其防沙效果.实验结果表明:①积沙总量随盖度增加而逐渐降低,风沙流中的砂粒分布在一定的高度范围内,但分布的高度随盖度的增加呈下降趋势;②植株的茂密程度对风沙流的结构有明显影响,盖度越高,积沙量越集中在下部;③盖度并不是导致积沙量为零的唯一指标,风蚀是否发生,还与植被的疏透度、防护林的高度等有关. 相似文献
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Many desert expressways are affected by the deposition of the wind-blown sand,which might block the movement of vehicles or cause accidents.W-beam central guardrails,which are used to improve the safety of desert expressways,are thought to influence the deposition of the wind-blown sand,but this has yet not to be studied adequately.To address this issue,we conducted a wind tunnel test to simulate and explore how the W-beam central guardrails affect the airflow,the wind-blown sand flux and the deposition of the wind-blown sand on desert expressways in sandy regions.The subgrade model is 3.5 cm high and 80.0 cm wide,with a bank slope ratio of 1:3.The W-beam central guardrails model is 3.7 cm high,which included a 1.4-cm-high W-beam and a 2.3-cm-high stand column.The wind velocity was measured by using pitot-static tubes placed at nine different heights(1,2,3,5,7,10,15,30 and 50 cm)above the floor of the chamber.The vertical distribution of the wind-blown sand flux in the wind tunnel was measured by using the sand sampler,which was sectioned into 20 intervals.In addition,we measured the wind-blown sand flux in the field at K50 of the Bachu-Shache desert expressway in the Taklimakan Desert on 11 May 2016,by using a customized 78-cm-high gradient sand sampler for the sand flux structure test.Obstruction by the subgrade leads to the formation of two weak wind zones located at the foot of the windward slope and at the leeward slope of the subgrade,and the wind velocity on the leeward side weakens significantly.The W-beam central guardrails decrease the leeward wind velocity,whereas the velocity increases through the bottom gaps and over the top of the W-beam central guardrails.The vertical distribution of the wind-blown sand flux measured by wind tunnel follows neither a power-law nor an exponential function when affected by either the subgrade or the W-beam central guardrails.At 0.0H and 0.5H(where H=3.5 cm,which is the height of the subgrade),the sand transport is less at the 3 cm height from the subgrade surface than at the 1 and 5 cm heights as a result of obstruction by the W-beam central guardrails,and the maximum sand transportation occurs at the 5 cm height affected by the subgrade surface.The average saltation height in the presence of the W-beam central guardrails is greater than the subgrade height.The field test shows that the sand deposits on the overtaking lane leeward of the W-beam central guardrails and that the thickness of the deposited sand is determined by the difference in the sand mass transported between the inlet and outlet points,which is consistent with the position of the minimum wind velocity in the wind tunnel test.The results of this study could help us to understand the hazards of the wind-blown sand onto subgrade with the W-beam central guardrails. 相似文献
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Guardrail, an important highway traffic safety facility, is mainly used to prevent vehicles from accidentally driving off the road and to ensure driving safety. Desert highway guardrails hinder the movement of wind-blown sand, resulting in the decline of sand transportation by the pavement and the deposition of sand gains on the pavement, and endangering traffic safety. To reveal the influence of guardrails on sand transportation of desert highway pavement, we tested the flow field and sand transport volume distribution around the concrete, W-beam, and cable guardrails under different wind velocities through wind tunnel simulation. Wind velocity attenuation coefficients, sand transportation quantity, and sand transportation efficiency are used to measure sand transportation of highway pavement. The results show that the sand transportation of highway pavement was closely related to the zoning characteristics of flow field and variation of wind velocity around the guardrails. The flow field of the concrete guardrail was divided into deceleration, acceleration, and vortex zones. The interaction between the W-beam guardrail and wind-blown sand was similar to that of lower wind deflector. Behind and under the plates, there were the vortex zone and acceleration zone, respectively. The acceleration zone was conducive to transporting sand on the pavement. The cable guardrail only caused wind velocity variability within the height range of guardrail, and there was no sand deposition on the highway pavement. When the cable, W-beam, and concrete guardrails were used, the total transportation quantities on the highway pavement were 423.53, 415.74, and 136.53 g/min, respectively, and sand transportation efficiencies were 99.31%, 91.25%, and 12.84%, respectively. From the perspective of effective sand transportation on the pavement, the cable guardrail should be preferred as a desert highway guardrail, followed by the W-beam guardrail, and the concrete guardrail is unsuitable. The study results provide theoretical basis for the optimal design of desert highway guardrails and the prevention of wind-blown sand disasters on the highway pavement. 相似文献
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利用2014年7月至8月塔中地区沙尘与扬沙天气下风沙流运动的实测数据,对0~85 mm高度内风沙流运动进行了研究。结果表明:(1)0~85 mm高度层,输沙率(Q)随风速(v)增大呈幂函数规律增加,R2≥0.975 7,且输沙率主要集中在0~35 mm高度内。(2)总输沙率和撞击颗粒数的最佳拟合函数为线性函数,R2≥0.878 2,相关性较好;塔中地区1 min最小临界起沙风速为4.0 m·s-1。(3)跃移运动集中在10:00—20:00,总输沙率最大值出现在12:00—16:00,17:00以后输沙率明显下降。 相似文献
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Sand particle lift-off velocity measurements and numerical simulation of mass flux distributions in a wind tunnel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fengjun XIAO 《干旱区科学》2017,9(3):331-344
Lift-off velocity of saltating sand particles in wind-blown sand located at 1.0 mm above the sand bed surface was measured using a phase Doppler particle analyzer in a wind tunnel. The results show that the probability distribution of lift-off velocity can be expressed as a lognormal function, while that of lift-off angle follows an exponential function. The probability distribution of lift-off angle conditioned for each lift-off velocity also follows an exponential function, with a slope that becomes steeper with increasing lift-off velocity. This implies that the probability distribution of lift-off velocity is strongly dependent on the lift-off angle. However, these lift-off parameters are generally treated as an independent joint probability distribution in the literature. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of conditional versus independent joint probability distributions on the vertical sand mass flux distribution. The simulation results derived from the conditional joint probability distribution agree much better with experimental data than those from the independent ones. Thus, it is better to describe the lift-off velocity of saltating sand particles using the conditional joint probability distribution. These results improve our understanding of saltation processes in wind-blown sand. 相似文献