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1.
蔬菜日光温室栽培条件下土壤养分累积特性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
测定了陕西杨凌示范区不同日光温室栽培土壤剖面的养分含量及变化。结果表明,日光温室土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈现显著累积趋势,其中以0~20 cm土层有机质、0~40 cm土层有效磷和速效钾以及0~200 cm土层硝态氮累积量尤为突出。蔬菜生长过程中温室土壤剖面中铵态氮含量的变化相对较小,而硝态氮含量呈逐渐降低趋势。蔬菜收获后土壤剖面(0~200 cm)硝态氮残留量在707~1 161 kg/hm2之间,平均达954kg/hm2,明显高于农田土壤。温室栽培条件下土壤电导率明显高于农田土壤,以土壤表层尤为突出。土壤硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾与土壤电导率之间的关系均达显著水平,其中硝态氮含量与土壤电导率间的关系最为密切,说明过量施用肥料特别是氮肥,是引起土壤盐分累积的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
半干旱半湿润农田生态系统不可忽视的土壤氮库-土壤剖面中累积的硝态氮 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
为了有效利用氮肥，减少残留NO3^--N在土壤剖面中的累积，在位于半干旱半湿润地区的陕西岐山、杨凌、澄城和甘肃的定西，我们连续几年对不同试验处理条件下土壤剖面中残留NO3^--N的累积强度及其影响因子进行了系统研究。研究结果表明，在半干旱半湿润农田生态系统石灰性土壤剖面中累积着大量的残留NO3^--N。在所有测定土壤剖面中，NH4^4-N含量和累积量不仅在不同土层中差异不大，而且在不同生态系统和管理条件土壤剖面中的差异也不大，其含量变化在1～3μgN／g之间，累积量相当于14～42kg／hm^2，平均28kg／hm^2，显著小于残留NO3^--N。残留NO3^--N累积量平均占总矿质氮(NO3^--N NH4^ -N)累积量的75％以上，是土壤剖面中可浸取态矿质氮的主体。在岐山测定的129个土壤剖面中，O～100cm土层残留NO2^--N累积量小于50kg／hm^2的有26个，占20％，大干70kg／hm^2的有86个，占66．7％，大于100kg／hm^2的有47个，占36％，大干140kg／hm^2的有13个，占10％，每季作物吸氮量大约是70kg／hm^2，说明在目前施肥和生产水平下，有66．7％田块O～100cm土层中的残留NO3^--N最少与1季作物吸氮量相当；在杨凌、澄城、定西等地大部分试验小区(与当地一般施肥水平相当的小区)，甚至有些不施氮肥对照小区土壤剖面中残留的．NO3^--N与1季作物的吸氮量也基本一致。这些结果充分说明，在半干旱农田生态系统石灰性土壤剖面中残留累积的NO3^--N是不可忽视的有效氮库。因此，在估计土壤供氮水平和确定施氮量，或者在制定这一地区土壤供氮指标测定方法时，必须要充分考虑在一定土层土壤剖面中的残留NO3^--N。土壤剖面中的残留NO3^--N通过对流(Convection)和扩散(Diffusion)等途径，逐渐向深层移动，脱离根区。在杨陵灌溉试验站和蔬菜试验站的测定结果表明，O～1000cm土层累积的NO3^--N分别高达1295．6kg／hm^2和710．4kg／hm^2，O～600cm土层累积的NO3^--N分别为。706．1kg／hm2和435．1kg／hm^2。在200cm土层以下累积着大量NO3^--N。在以上观测的2个剖面中，200～400cm、400～600cm、600～800cm和800～1000cm各土层累积的NO3^--N数量显著大干0～200cm土层，说明在上层(特别是在耕层)以各种途径增加的NO3^--N，通过长期淋溶，完全有可能脱离根区，淋溶到1000cm以下土层。在不同试验区进行的所有试验结果均表明，与不施氮对照小区相比，施氮小区在作物收获时，土壤剖面中残留．NO3^--N累积量呈增加趋势，并随施氮量增加，残留累积量增加。在杨凌和澄城进行的长期定位试验表明，连续施用氮肥，特别是高量氮肥田块，土壤剖面中残留NO3^--N与不施氮对照之间的差异很大：在杨凌长达25a的长期定位试验中，NP处理O～120cm土层残留NO3^--N累积量(163．4kg／hm。)比不施肥对照(51．8kg／hm^2)增加111．6kg／hm^2，如果在施NP的基础上休闲，残留NO3^--N增加效果更加突出，比对照增加156．5kg／hm^2；试验还发现，在施NP的基础上，配施玉米秸秆，一定程度上能够降低残留NO3^--N累积量，并随秸秆用量增加，残留NO3^--N累积量下降；在澄城，连续4季作物施用氮肥后，从2个灌水处理平均结果看，与不施氮对照相比，在每季作物施氮量低(＜75kg／hm^2)时，不会发生NO3^--N残留累积，而当施氮量高于112．5kg／hm^2时，在O～120cm土层中残留NO3^--N累积量显著增加。在杨凌进行的2次大田试验表明，无论是在降雨丰富年份，还是在干旱年份，休闲都能够显著增加土壤剖面中NO3^--N的累积量，并且不管在任何采样时期，休闲小区100～120cm土层的NO3^--N含量均比复种玉米小区高，复种玉米能够减少残留NO3^--N在土壤剖面中的累积。由于地膜覆盖改变了土壤水热状况和生物性质，因而也必然影响土壤氮素转化过程，从而影响NO3^--N在土壤剖面中的累积。在定西进行的2a试验结果表明，如果在春小麦播种后全生育期覆膜，能够显著增加收获时土壤剖面中残留NO3^--N的累积：1999年，不施氮时，增加9.4kg／hm^2，施氮后，增加88．9kg／hm^2；2000年，不施氮时，增加17．9kg／hm^2，施氮后，增加39．9kg／hm^2；定西试验还表明作物生育前期覆膜，后期揭膜，有利于减少残留NO3^--N在土壤剖面中的累积。在作物生长后期，地膜覆盖处理耕层土壤水分条件较好，温度较高，有利于土壤有机氮的矿化。而在这一时期，小麦对NO3^--N的吸收能力减弱，需要量减小，因而在土壤剖面中易产生残留NO3^--N的大量累积。小麦收获后，值降水较多期，累积的NNO3^--N非常容易通过淋溶和反硝化损失，从这一角度考虑，在春小麦栽培中，不宜提倡全生育期地膜覆盖。 相似文献
3.
新疆农田土壤有机质含量及组成特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前新疆农田土壤有机质含量在5．30～24．21g／kg之间，平均14．65g／kg，与第二次土壤普查相比，新疆农田土壤有机质含量呈上升趋势；胡敏素碳含量占到有机质碳量的53％～70％，平均61％，腐殖酸碳量只占39％。 相似文献
4.
玉米膜孔灌农田土壤水氮分布特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过大田玉米灌水试验,研究了畦灌和膜孔灌条件下农田土壤水氮运移特性。结果表明:在相同灌水定额条件下,膜孔灌土壤剖面含水率比畦灌土壤剖面含水率变化均匀,0~30 cm土层灌水后1天和灌水后5天膜孔灌土壤含水率比畦灌土壤含水率高19.2%和18.3%;在相同灌水定额条件下,土壤铵态氮含量受土壤水分运动的影响较小,主要分布在30 cm以上土壤层,膜孔灌条件下土壤铵态氮含量随时间分布比畦灌均匀,其含量最大值为41.6 mg/kg,同畦灌相比铵态氮含量增加了4.3%;硝态氮含量受灌水方式的影响较大,在相同灌水定额条件下,10~50 cm各土层硝态氮含量膜孔灌比畦灌分别增加了41.3%、96.3%、55.3%、50.7%和46.5%,膜孔灌土壤硝态氮含量随时间和垂直土壤剖面分布均匀,其硝态氮含量主要集中在0~50 cm土层,有利于作物对氮素的吸收,提高氮素利用率。 相似文献
5.
关中农田土壤有机质和碳酸钙空间变异特征及其机理分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究人为活动对于农田土壤有机质含量和碳酸钙空间变异性的作用与影响,在陕西杨凌杜寨村研究了农田土壤有机质和碳酸钙空间变异性,并对其变异机理进行了分析.试验表明:表层0～10 cm和底层20～40 cm土壤有机质平均值分别20.64 g/kg和10.81 g/kg,变异系数为0.087和0.013,均属弱变异程度;亚表层10～20 cm土壤有机质平均值为16.96 g/kg,变异系数为0.130,属中等变异程度;碳酸钙均属弱变异程度.经过对土壤特性空间分布等值线图的分析得出:在水平方向上,土壤有机质和碳酸钙均具有相同的变异规律,距离村庄越近土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量越高,以村庄为圆心土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量呈同心圆式的空间变异特征. 相似文献
6.
保护地土壤盐分积累及其离子组成对土壤pH值的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在沈阳市于洪地区采集保护地土壤样品,测定土壤盐分含量、离子组成和土壤pH值,研究保护地土壤盐分积累及其与土壤pH值变化的关系.结果表明:(1) 保护地土壤的盐分含量和电导率均明显高于露地土壤,露地土壤平均盐分含量为0.29 g/kg,改为保护地10年左右土壤的平均含盐量上升至1.56 g/kg,相应的电导率(EC)值达到0.53 mS/cm,已超过作物的生育障碍临界点(EC>0.50 mS/cm);(2) 保护地土壤酸化趋势明显,建成保护地栽培蔬菜6年,土壤pH值从6.5降低至5.5以下,超过了蔬菜出现生理障碍的临界土壤pH值(5.52),保护地土壤酸化与土壤的次生盐渍化已成为限制当地保护地生产可持续发展的重要因素;(3) 保护地土壤NO3-、SO42-、Cl-和Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+等盐基离子含量均较露地土壤大大增加,但HCO3-低于露地土壤或与露地土壤持平,NO3-、SO42-数量与土壤pH值下降关系密切,Ca2+、Na+在全盐中的相对比例下降也是导致土壤pH值下降的重要原因. 相似文献
7.
渭北旱塬苹果园土壤矿质氮累积与分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对渭北旱塬6~37龄苹果园土壤剖面中硝态氮和铵态氮的含量进行了分析测定,以了解不同树龄,不同剖面深度土壤矿质氮累积与分布状况。结果表明,不同种植年限苹果园0~400 cm剖面土体中,氨态氮的含量和分布保持相对稳定;硝态氮含量和分布变化显著,含量在0.31~195.32 mg/kg之间,土体剖面硝态氮的累积量呈显著增加的趋势,累积层出现在40~260 cm土层,最高含量出现在15龄果园的100~120 cm土层中,其值为195.32 mg/kg。土壤剖面累积大量的硝态氮,可能会造成潜在的环境问题。 相似文献
8.
以西安污灌区典型大棚菜地和附近农耕地土壤为研究对象,在不同土壤剖面上对重金属As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni的分布进行了测定和分析。结果表明:在0~20 cm土层农耕地土壤重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni的含量均高于大棚菜地,分别高出53.1、16.7、20.5、151.2和3 mg/kg,同农耕地相比,温室大棚更有利于土壤表层重金属的迁移,且对Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu等元素的迁移程度较明显。认为在西安污灌区发展大棚花卉,可以有效减少污灌区土壤表层重金属的含量。 相似文献
9.
陕西关中地区农田土壤物理状态初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了反映现代人为强度作用下农田土壤质量的演化趋势,对陕西关中不同地区土壤容重和坚实度做了调查与研究.结果显示,关中地区农田土壤容重底层显著大于表层,表层0～10 cm土壤容重平均值为1.00g/cm3,属于正常范围;10～20 cm平均容重为1.40 g/cm3,大于1.30 g/cm3达到紧实程度标准以上的土壤样品数... 相似文献
10.
胡杨、梭梭群落土壤理化性质及其相互关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
结合野外调查取样与实验室测定等手段,比较研究了新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区裸地、梭梭与胡杨样地0～10 cm、10～30 cm、30～50 cm土层土壤氮素含量特征及土壤理化性质.结果表明:裸地、梭梭和胡杨样地内的土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、亚硝态氮与碱解氮均随着土层深度的增加而递减,具有表聚性特点.土壤中3种无机氮的含量为:硝态氮＞亚硝态氮＞铵态氮,硝态氮最高达到7.512 mg·kg-1,铵态氮最高仅为0.815 mg· kg-1,故硝态氮是土壤无机氮的主要赋存形式.同一土层胡杨氮素总含量高于裸地和梭梭,其有机质含量最高(均值为11.852 g·kg-1).相关分析表明,除铵态氮外,有机质与全磷和其他氮素间呈显著相关.pH与其他土壤理化性质及氮素含量间均呈不显著相关,碱解氮与土壤理化性质(除pH与电导率外)及其他氮素间均呈极显著相关(P＜0.01). 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
14.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
15.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
16.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
17.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
18.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献