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1.
浙江小麦根围土壤腐霉(Pythium spp.)的一些生态学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对小麦根围土壤中的腐霉Pythium种类、种群数量消长及其致病性作了初步研究。作者从不同生育期的小麦根围和内根围共分离出203个腐霉菌株,除69个菌株缺乏产生有性器官而未能鉴定外,其余134个菌株分别属10个腐霉种,其中粘腐霉P.adhaerens、链状腐霉P.catenulatum和绚丽腐霉P.pulchrum为浙江省分布新记录。P.spinosum是优势腐霉种类,在小麦根围和内根围出现率分别为27.43%和35.71%,P.ultimum和P.irregulare也较为常见,而P.aphanidermatum却极少出现。在小麦苗期和分蘖期腐霉数量较丰富,生育中后期较贫乏,这一消长变化可能主要与小麦生育期和土壤温度有关。致病性试验结果表明:P.irregulare和P.spinosum分别对小麦和水稻有较强的致病作用;P.aphanider-matum、P.irregulare和P.spinosum则对茄子、辣椒和番茄的致病力较强。P.spinosum、P.ultimum和P.irregulare的种内菌株间致病性差异不明显。 相似文献
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鹅掌柴真菌病害鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
调查鉴定了广州地区鹅掌柴(Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms.)上12种真菌病害及其病原菌,以叶疫病和炭疽病危害较重。病原菌中有3个新种:鹅掌柴小球腔菌Leptosphaeria schefflerae P.G.X i,P.K.Chi et Z.D.Jiang,鹅掌柴生尾孢Cercospora schefflericola P.G.Xi,P.K.Chi et Z.D.Jiang,鹅掌柴拟茎点霉Phomopsis schefflerae P.G.Xi,P.K.Chi et Z.D.Jiang和一个新组合:鹅掌柴茎点霉Phoma scheffleri (Chen) P.G.Xi et P.K.Chi。新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述和绘图,研究的标本保存在华南农业大学真菌标本室。 相似文献
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不同核盘菌菌株及其近缘种的RAPD分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文利用随机引物扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)技术分析了7个生物学性状差异较大核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的遗传多样性,并同三叶草核盘菌(S.trifoliorum)、小核盘菌(S.minor)的代表性菌株和莴苣上的一种产菌核病原菌的代表菌株Let-19进行了比较。结果表明40个引物中8个引物能稳定地从供试菌株中扩增出多态性DNA片段。通过分析这些多态性片段可以看出7个供试核盘菌菌株之间的遗传相似系数变化幅度为0.505 2~0.793 1,而核盘菌、三叶草核盘菌,小核盘菌和Let-19之间的遗传相似系数的变幅则为0.194 2~0.385 3。莴苣上的菌株Let-19的RA PD图谱同供试其它种的菌株既存在明显差异的DNA片段电泳带,又显示出一些位置一致的DNA片段电泳带。因而Let-19同核盘菌属真菌的亲缘关系较近。供试的引物中OPL14既能介导从供试的7个核盘菌菌株和3个近缘种的3个菌株的DNA样品中扩增出相同的DNA片段,又能扩增出种或菌株特异性DNA片段。因而RAPD技术适于研究核盘菌的遗传多样性及分析核盘菌属真菌的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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河南省小麦黑胚病优势病原菌链格孢菌(Alternaria spp.)遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用RAPD技术对分离自河南省各地的43株小麦黑胚病优势病原菌(Alternaria spp.)菌株进行了遗传多样性分析。17个随机引物共扩增出151条清晰的DNA条带,所扩增出的DNA条带均为多态带,说明河南省小麦黑胚病菌存在着丰富的遗传多样性。利用NTSYS软件进行了病原菌的聚类分析,结果表明,河南省小麦黑胚病菌主要有2个种,即Alternaria alternata和A. tenuissima,种间的遗传相似系数的变化幅度为0.62~0.92。来自同一个地区的小麦黑胚病菌菌株基本上聚在了一起,表现出很近的亲缘关系,来自不同地区之间的菌株也可以交叉聚类。病原菌遗传多样性分析进一步验证了形态学的鉴定结果。 相似文献
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由Phomopsis longicolla(或Diaporthe longicolla)等拟茎点霉(间座壳)属真菌引起的拟茎点茎枯病是我国黄淮海等地大豆生产中的一种重要茎部病害。利用抗病品种是防控该病最为经济有效的措施。为构建一种大豆对拟茎点茎枯病的室内抗性鉴定技术体系,用于抗病资源的快速筛选,本研究比较了下胚轴创伤接种法、切茎接种法、黄化苗接种法、种子接种法和菌丝块贴茎法等5种接种方法,发现下胚轴创伤接种法具有操作简单、试验周期短、易于判定结果、结果稳定性好的优点。选取5个具有毒力强弱和地域代表性的P. longicolla菌株为鉴别菌株系,建立了抗性结果评价标准,形成了抗性鉴定技术体系。对2020年从黄淮海等地收集的62份大豆主栽品种进行抗性鉴定,发现对强毒力菌株DT3-3-1和弱毒力菌株ZZ1-1高抗的品种分别占31%和68%,有13个品种同时高抗5个菌株(占21%),表明我国大豆主栽品种中存在对拟茎点茎枯病的抗性种质资源。本研究为挖掘大豆对拟茎点茎枯病的抗性资源提供了新的候选方法。 相似文献
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芦笋茎枯病菌的鉴定及区域差异性分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
芦笋茎枯病是一种世界性分布的毁灭性病害,为准确鉴定其致病菌和探明不同区域菌株的分化程度,通过形态学观察和核糖体DNA内转录间区(rDNA ITS)序列比对进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,比较五省份菌株的生物学特性和ITS序列上的差异,并进行系统发育分析。结果表明,芦笋茎枯病的致病菌为天门冬拟茎点霉Phomopsis asparagi。海南省菌株的菌丝生长较快,培养5天后的平均直径为8.5 cm;培养14天后,江西省菌株由白色变为淡绿色,其它各省菌株由白色变为灰白色,海南省菌株的菌落呈现同心轮纹状;福建省菌株产生的分生孢子器较多,平均60个/皿;五省菌株在1～238 bp和298～591 bp的ITS区段存在差异性碱基,其中河北省菌株的差异性碱基数最多;五省菌株大致聚为2个组群,河北省菌株单独聚为1个组群,其它省份菌株聚为1个组群,天门冬拟茎点霉P.asparagi与叶下珠生拟茎点霉P.phyllanthicola亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
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采用组织分离法分离纯化取自西藏砂生槐不同部位组织的内生真菌,依照其形态学特征将菌株初步归类;挑选代表性菌株进行核糖体内转录间隔区(r DNA-ITS)序列分子鉴定,采用MEGA5.10软件构建系统进化树,对菌株进行聚类分析;采用SPSS13.5软件进行砂生槐内生真菌的多样性分析。结果表明,从砂生槐不同部位共分离得到77株内生真菌,其荚果中的分离几率最高,达到45.68%,而叶片中内生真菌分离几率最低,仅为4.63%。其形态学特征和ITS-r DNA序列表明,供试的16株菌分别归属于11个不同的种,其中茎点霉属(Phoma sp.)为优势种群。系统进化树显示,4个菌株在96%相似水平上聚在一个分枝上,与茎点霉属关系最近;2个菌株在92%相似水平上聚在一个分枝上,与壳二孢属亲缘关系最近;2个菌株在97%相似水平上聚在一个分枝上,与盘菌属亲缘关系最近。荚果中的内生真菌多样性指数和均匀度指数均为最高,分别为1.078 1和0.601 7,刺中的内生真菌丰富度指数最高,达到0.836 8。 相似文献
8.
应用RAPD技术快速鉴定蔬菜上的弯孢类炭疽菌 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
应用筛选的14个随机引物,对分离自广州不同蔬菜上的12个弯孢炭疽菌菌株进行RAPD扩增。所有引物对分离自辣椒、香葱等蔬菜上的11个菌株都产生非常相似甚至一致的扩增带型,仅来自姜上的菌株的带型显著不同;UPGMA聚类分析将12个菌株聚为2群,其中11个菌株(Cap1~Cap11)以很高的Dice相似系数(>82%)组成一群,姜上的菌株(Cap12)为另一群。根据这些结果,将上述来自辣椒等蔬菜上的11个菌株鉴定为同一个种——辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici);而姜上的炭疽菌可能是另一个种。结果不支持将来自葱属植物的3个菌株鉴定为葱炭疽菌(C.circinans)。 相似文献
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寄生玉米的6种腐霉及其致病性研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
从国内12省、自治区、直辖市玉米植株上分离出腐霉菌菌株,依据形态特征、培养性状、生长抑制温度,以及产生的有性与无性器官,鉴别出6个腐霉种:棘腐霉(Pythium acanthicum Drechsler),瓜果腐霉(P.aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick),强雄腐霉(P. arrhenomanes Drechsler),禾生腐霉(P.graminicola Subramaniam),肿囊腐霉(P.inflatum Matthews),寡雄腐霉(P.oligandrum Drechsler),其中肿囊腐霉出现频率高,分布广泛。回接玉米表明,腐霉能够侵染玉米并引起病害,肿囊腐霉、禾生腐霉、强雄腐霉、棘腐霉是玉米青枯病的重要致病菌;瓜果腐霉能够引起玉米中部茎节腐烂;寡雄腐霉虽寄生玉米,但对玉米成株无致病力。 相似文献
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对分离获得的32株苦瓜枯萎病菌菌株进行形态学特征和寄主专化型测定, 结果表明, 测试的苦瓜枯萎病菌株均为尖孢镰刀菌苦瓜专化型 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae), 这些菌株可以侵染苦瓜和瓠瓜幼苗, 但不侵染其他葫芦科瓜类作物。对苦瓜枯萎病菌菌株的rDNA-ITS区 (ITS1、5.8S和ITS2)序列进行扩增测序, 结果显示其序列长度均为456 bp;聚类分析表明测序菌株与镰刀菌属中尖孢镰刀菌不同专化型的菌株聚为一群。利用RAPD标记技术分析苦瓜枯萎病菌的遗传多样性, 结果显示苦瓜枯萎病菌株与其他葫芦科瓜类作物枯萎病菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.59~0.99, 当遗传相似系数为0.85时, 供试的48个菌株分成10个类群 (G1~10)。在RAPD聚类树中所有苦瓜枯萎病菌株聚在一个分支上 (G1群), 菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.92~1.00, 具有较高的遗传相似性, 且菌株的聚群与地理来源存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
11.
采用RAPD-PCR分子标记技术分析了51株不同地理来源、寄主来源的绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae菌株的遗传多态性。从94条RAPD引物中筛选出18条引物,对所有试验菌株进行RAPD-PCR扩增,共获得96条扩增片段,其中81条片段表现多态性,占84.1%。聚类分析表明,供试的51株菌株间的相似性系数范围为0.52~0.98,表明菌株间存在丰富的遗传多态性。供试菌株在相似性系数0.7的水平可分为4个组群。按菌株DNA多态性与地理及寄主来源的聚类分析表明,大多数菌株的DNA多态性与地理或寄主有一定的相关性,即长期的地理环境和寄主适应性可能形成了种群的分化。 相似文献
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Henia Mor Galina Gindin I. S. Ben-Ze’ev B. Raccah N. U. Geschtovt Nazira Ajtkhozhina I. Barash 《Phytoparasitica》1996,24(2):111-118
Thirty-six isolates ofVerticillium lecanii andVerticillium sp. were taken from different hosts (both insects and rusts) and geographical locations. The isolates were analyzed for genomic variability, as expressed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), in relation to virulence onBemisia tabaci. Virulence on larvae ofB. tabaci within these isolates ranged from 0% to 83%. RAPD analysis was performed employing two different arbitrary decamer primers and the calculated similarity coefficients were subjected to cluster analysis using the unweighted average linkage (UPGMA) algorithm. The dendrograms obtained with each of the two primers were identical. Eight cluster groups and three unclustered isolates were obtained by selecting a similarity level of 80%. The amplification pattern of DNA obtained by RAPD for the various isolates suggested thatV. lecanii is a highly diverse species. No correlation could be established between virulence and either RAPD polymorphism of the fungal isolates or the insect host from which they were isolated. Generally, no correlation could be established between the clustering ofV lecanii strain and geographical location although a limited number of strains obtained from Russia and Georgia were assembled in the same cluster and those from Kazakhstan were clonal. 相似文献
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2012年,在山东青州花卉市场采集一品红样品,利用双生病毒通用引物PA/PB对样品进行扩增并测序。所得序列经NCBI BLAST比对,发现是一种新的双生病毒,为一品红曲叶病毒（Euphorbia leaf curl virus, ELCV）。随后对该分离物（ELCV-Shandong）进行全基因组序列扩增和测序（GenBank登录号：KC852148）,经分子比对和进化分析,发现其与广西报道的一品红曲叶病毒G35 (AJ558121) 的相似性最高为99%,同处于一个小分支,并且中国报道的所有一品红曲叶病毒分离物都处于一个分支内,从而进一步确定了山东青州一品红病毒分离物为一品红曲叶病毒。这是一品红曲叶病毒在北方地区发生的首次报道。 相似文献
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Thirty-three isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from various Stylosanthes species collected in Africa and Australia and associated with restricted (type A), extensive (type B) or nontypical anthracnose lesions (type C) were first compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 118 reproducible polymorphic bands generated with 16 random primers, using the upgma method. Twenty-nine isolates were grouped in two main clusters, corresponding to types A and B, within which polymorphic subgroups were partially related to geographical origin. Strong similarities were observed among isolates of distant origin. Four isolates presented profiles completely different from the A and B types and were grouped in two additional clusters. To assess the phylogenetic relationship among isolates of various types and origins at the species level, the lnternal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS 1) of the ribosomal DNA was sequenced. Type A isolates and a restricted number of type B isolates selected in the RAPD clusters showed an homology of 99.4–100%. When compared with published sequence data, the isolates that were clustered separately in the phylogenetic tree, had the exact sequence of a C. gloeosporioides strain associated with the rotting of coffee berries, or of C. kahawae , the causal agent of coffee berry disease. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum) is the causal agent of gummy stem blight, although other Phoma species are often isolated from cucurbit plants exhibiting symptoms of the disease. The molecular and phylogenetic relationships between D. bryoniae and these Phoma species are unknown. Isolates of D. bryoniae and Phoma obtained from cucurbits grown at various geographical locations in the United States were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis (ITS-1 and ITS-2) to determine the molecular and phylogenetic relationships within and between these fungi. Using RAPD fingerprinting, 59 isolates were placed into four phylogenetic groups, designated RAPD group (RG) I, RG II, RG III, and RG IV. D. bryoniae isolates clustered in either RG I (33 isolates), RG II (12 isolates), or RG IV (one isolate), whereas all 13 Phoma isolates clustered to RG III. There was greater than 99% sequence identity in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions between isolates in RG I and RG II, whereas isolates in RG III, P. medicaginis ATCC 64481, and P. exigua ATCC 14728 clustered separately. On muskmelon seedlings, a subset of RG I isolates were highly virulent (mean disease severity was 71%), RG II and RG IV isolates were slightly virulent (mean disease severity was 4%), and RG III isolates were nonpathogenic (disease severity was 0% for all isolates). The ITS sequences indicate that RG I and RG II are both D. bryoniae, but RAPD fingerprints and pathogenicity indicate that they represent two different molecular and virulence subgroups. 相似文献
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Curly top in sugar beet continues to be a challenging disease to control in the western United States. To aid in development of host resistance and management options, the curtovirus species composition was investigated by sampling 246 commercial fields along with nursery and field trials in the western United States. DNA was isolated from leaf samples and the species were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for the C1 gene. Amplicons from 79 isolates were also sequenced to confirm identifications. Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) and Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV) were widely distributed throughout the western United States, while only a few isolates of Beet curly top virus (BCTV) were found. In phylogenetic analysis, BSCTV, BMCTV, and BCTV isolates formed distinct groups in the dendrogram. Seven isolates not amplifiable with species-specific primers did amplify with curly top coat protein primers, indicating novel curtovirus species or strains may be present. Given the wide host range of the viruses responsible for curly top, frequent co-infections, and genetic diversity within and among species, establishing better host resistance, and controlling curly top will continue to be a challenge. 相似文献
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玉米新月弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)的RAPD分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对分离自玉米弯孢菌叶斑病标样中的77株新月弯孢菌和1株来自水稻的新月弯孢菌进行RAPD分析表明,菌株间具有丰富的遗传多样性,在相似系数约0.60处,所有菌株被聚为3个组,但88.0%的菌株聚入第Ⅰ组内,其余菌株被聚入另外2个组内。第Ⅰ组内共有69个菌株,包含来自不同区域的致病性较强的菌株,是玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的优势类群,其余2个类群主要是一些致病能力较弱或不致病的菌株。结果表明,新月弯孢菌种内菌株的遗传多样性与致病性相关,但与菌株地理来源无明显的直接关系。 相似文献