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1.
ABSTRACT Genetic variation in field populations of Heterodera glycines is a key issue for both resistance gene deployment and basic understanding of virulence-gene flow in populations. In this study, we examined phenotypically defined genes for virulence under selection from host resistance. We separated the most common H. glycines genotypes in the United States into two virulence groups, based on their reproductive abilities on the resistant soybean plant introduction (PI) 88788. These groups correspond to previously identified virulence genes in the nematode, as follows: the dominant gene in H. glycines to PI88788, and the recessive genes to PI90763 and Pickett/Peking. Virulence allele frequencies and virulence genotype frequencies of selected field isolates were investigated by testing the host range of single-female-derived lines, which were developed through single-female inoculation on the standard susceptible soybean 'Lee 68'. By comparing virulence genotype frequencies between the original field isolates and their single-female-derived lines, we were able to determine allele frequencies in the field populations. The results suggest that tremendous variation in H. glycines virulence genes exists among field populations. Potential mechanisms of selection which could cause virulence genotype frequency increases are discussed as related to population genetics equilibrium theory. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) was identified in PI 88788 soybean, a germ plasm accession from China that is used widely as a source of resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Strains SMV-G1 through -G7 infected the inoculated leaves of PI 88788 but were not detected in upper, noninoculated trifoliolate leaves. Inheritance of resistance was determined by inoculating progenies of crosses of PI 88788 with susceptible cvs. Essex and Lee 68 with SMV strains G1 and G7. Allelomorphic relationships with known genes for resistance to SMV were tested in crosses with the resistant genotypes PI 96983, L29, and V94-5152, possessing Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4 genes, respectively. Data analyses showed that resistance in PI 88788 to SMV-G1 is controlled by a single, partially dominant gene; however, to SMV-G7, the same gene was completely dominant. The PI 88788 gene was independent of the Rsv1 and Rsv3 loci, but allelic to Rsv4 in V94-5152. Expression of the Rsv4 gene in PI 88788 resulted in a reduced number of infection sites and restricted short- and long-distance movement of virus, rather than hypersensitivity. A unique late susceptible phenotype was strongly associated with heterozygosity. This gene has potential value for use in gene pyramiding to achieve resistance to several SMV strains, as well as for rate-reducing resistance. 相似文献
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在田间研究了不同大豆品种对大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)的发育及繁殖的影响不同。结果表明,辽K89102为抗侵入型品种,Peking、PI90763、应县小黑豆、磨石豆和Franklin等的根内线虫从J2向J3或J3向J4发育过程中受到抑制,这些品种均有不同程度的抗线虫发育特性;不同品种对其根内SCN的雌雄分化有较大影响,感病品种根内SCN雌雄比远大于抗病品种,辽豆10根内线虫雌雄比例最高,为11.5:1.0,Peking根内线虫雌雄比例最低,为0.1:1.0;不同品种根围SCN最终群体量有较大差异,辽豆10根围土壤中胞囊量增加了331.5%,Peking和磨石豆的增幅最小,为16.7%。SCN侵染后,不同品种产生的组织病理学反应不同,抗病品种产生明显的组织病理学反应,表现在品种Peking和PI437654的根内线虫虫体附近根组织细胞有坏死现象,而感病品种辽豆10和开育10则没有坏死现象。 相似文献
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大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫3号和4号生理小种的抗性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选育和利用抗病品种是控制大豆孢囊线虫病的最经济有效方法.本研究通过测定国内外大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫2个生理小种的抗性水平,以期获得抗大豆孢囊线虫的品种与种质资源.2009年9月-2010年6月,采用PVC柱法在温室内鉴定了300份大豆种质资源分别对大豆孢囊线虫(SCN)3号和4号生理小种的抗性.用3号生理小种测定得到了抗性表现免疫的种质资源12份,表现高抗的28份,表现中抗的39份,分别占测试材料的4.0％、9.3％和13.0％;用4号生理小种测定得到了免疫的种质材料8份,高抗的18份和中抗的51份,分别占测试材料的2.7％、6.0％和17.0％.对2个生理小种的毒力差异比较表明,20份大豆种质资源的抗性表现差异明显,4号生理小种的毒力比3号生理小种强.本研究所鉴定出的抗病品种与资源,不仅对农业生产中利用抗病品种合理布局具有指导意义,而且为大豆抗孢囊线虫病的品种培育提供了重要的抗源材料. 相似文献
6.
大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe,SCN)是大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merrill)生产中的毁灭性害虫,种植抗性品种是控制其危害、减少产量损失的最佳途径。本研究通过温室盆栽实验评价了300份大豆种质对大豆孢囊线虫3号和4号生理小种的抗性。分别筛选到高抗和中抗3号生理小种的大豆种质27份和21份;高抗和中抗4号生理小种的大豆种质11份和9份。在所有供试材料中有10份材料同时对大豆孢囊线虫3号和4号生理小种表现高抗。线虫侵染实验表明,抗性材料对大豆孢囊线虫的发育有阻碍作用,并能显著降低最终形成的孢囊数。 相似文献
7.
Takuma Sugimoto Shinya Yoshida Masataka Aino Kazuhiko Watanabe Kuniko Shiwaku Mikihiro Sugimoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(2):92-97
Since 1987, Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Tanbakuro], caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufman and Gerdemann, has been increasing in the Sasayama, Nishiwaki, and Kasai regions in Hyogo, the most famous soybean
(cv. Tanbakuro)-producing areas in Japan. In 2002 to 2004, 51 isolates (one from each field) of P. sojae were recovered from 51 fields in Hyogo. These isolates were tested for virulence on six Japanese differential soybean cultivars
used for race determination in Japan, and three additional ones containing four Rps genes used in Indiana, USA. Race E was the most prevalent from 2002 to 2004, followed by races A, C, D, and four new races
(proposed as races K, L, M, and N). Interestingly, none of the new races had high virulence on the Japanese differential cultivars,
compared with other races in each area. One (race N) was avirulent on all six soybean differentials. There was a difference
in race distribution on each of three individual areas; race E seemed to be a major component of the P. sojae population in Sasayama, whereas race A and the new race M were the most prevalent in Nishiwaki and Kasai, respectively. Rps6 (cv. Altona) and Rps1a + Rps7 (cv. Harosoy 63) were infected by 90.2% and 33.3% of all isolates, respectively. However, Rps1d (cv. PI103091) was not susceptible to any of the 51 isolates, nor was cv. Gedenshirazu-1. These two soybean cultivars were
considered to be potential sources of resistance to breed new resistant cultivars with the desirable characteristics of cv.
Tanbakuro for this region. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Barley genotypes Abyssinian 14, BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei identified thus far in North America. Astrix, BBA 809, Bigo, Cambrinus, Emir, Heils Franken, Hiproly, I5, Mazurka, Trumpf, and Varunda have specific resistance to certain races, whereas Topper and Steptoe are susceptible to all races. Seedlings of parents and F(1), F(2), and F(3) progeny from crosses of resistant genotypes with Topper and Steptoe were tested for resistance to North American P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races PSH-1, PSH-4, PSH-10, PSH-13, and PSH-20. When tested with PSH-1, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, BBA 2890, Bigo, Hiproly, and Grannelose Zweizeilige; two recessive genes were detected in Emir, I5, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, Varunda, and Astrix; and one dominant gene and one recessive gene were detected in Abyssinian 14 and Stauffers Obersulzer. In tests with PSH-4, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, two recessive genes were detected in Trumpf, and two partially recessive genes were detected in Astrix. In tests with PSH-13, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, I5, and PI 548708 and two recessive genes were detected in Abyssinian 14, Hiproly, PI 548734, and PI 548747. In tests with PSH-20, one recessive gene was detected in Bigo and a recessive gene and a dominant gene were detected in Heils Franken. A gene in Cambrinus for resistance to PSH-10 and a gene in Mazurka for resistance to PSH-20 were dominant on the basis of the response of the first seedling leaf but recessive on the basis of the response of the second leaf. Four different types of epistasis were detected. Information on the number of genes, mode of inheritance, and nonallelic gene interactions should be useful in understanding the host-pathogen interaction and in breeding barley for resistance to stripe rust. 相似文献
9.
Alexandre Ignatov Yasuhisa Kuginuki Ken'ichi Hida 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):821-827
Several black rot-resistant varieties of Brassica oleracea showed a race-specific hypersensitive response (HR) to inoculation with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolates of different races. In progenies of cabbage line PI436606, Portuguese kale ISA454 and Chinese kale SR1 the HR to race 1 of the pathogen was controlled by a dominant gene named R1, when a recessive gene r5 was responsible for the HR to race 5. Genes with a similar race-specific reaction were assumed on the basis of gene-for-gene interaction in black rot-resistant Japanese cabbage cultivars and double haploid lines obtained from them. Homology of gene r5 in cabbage lines PI436606, Fujiwase 01 and kale ISA454 was postulated in crosses between those lines or their progenies. In a cross between SR1 and PI436606, interaction between resistance to race 1 and non-specific resistance localized in the stem vascular system was found. On the basis of pedigree information and homology of resistance genes in the cultivars of East-Asian cabbage and Portuguese kales, the probable origin of race-specific resistance to black rot of cole crops was suggested to be in heading Mediterranean kale. Some evidence was found for a gene conferring resistance to race 4 in B. oleracea. 相似文献
10.
小麦品种C591的抗条锈性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C591是原产于印度的普通小麦品种,苗期和成株期均对中国小麦生产上流行的条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)主要生理小种表现良好抗性。本文以感病品种Taichung29作母本、C591作父本通过杂交制备了F1代、F2代和BC1代种子,用人工接种方法研究了C591及其杂交后代对小麦条锈菌不同生理小种的苗期抗性并进行了遗传分析。结果显示,C591与Taichung29杂交F1代植株对小麦条锈菌条中19号、条中29号和条中32号小种均表现出与C591相似的高抗,说明C591中的抗条锈基因主要为显性表达。根据杂交F2代、BC1代植株的抗性分离情况和F1代植株及亲本的抗性表现,说明C591中至少具有3对抗条锈基因,针对条锈菌不同的生理小种其有效性是不同的。对条中32号小种的抗性受1对显性基因控制,对条中29号小种的抗性受1对显性基因和2对隐性基因的独立控制,对条中19号小种的抗性受2对显性基因独立控制。结果表明,C591作为抗源在我国小麦抗锈育种中具有较大应用价值。 相似文献
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两个小麦-簇毛麦易位系抗条锈基因的遗传分析和SSR标记检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系材料对不同条锈菌系的抗病水平、抗病基因组成和易位系间抗病基因关系,对V9125-3和V9125-4易位系进行了苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并利用V9125-2抗条锈基因Yr WV的2个侧翼分子标记,分析了3个易位系抗病基因间的关系。结果表明,2个易位系对当前国内7个优势菌系均表现良好的抗病性,但对不同菌系抗病性的抗病基因遗传特点有所不同。V9125-3对CYR29、CYR30和CYR31的抗病性由2对显性基因独立控制,对CYR32、CYR33和Sun11-11的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因控制,对Sun11-4的抗病性由2对显性基因互补控制;V9125-4对CYR30、Sun11-4和Sun11-11的抗病性由2对显性基因独立控制,对CYR32和CYR33的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因控制,对CYR29和CYR31的抗病性由2对显性基因互补控制;V9125-3对CYR29的抗病基因其中之一可能是Yr WV,另一个为未知基因。 相似文献
13.
用中国条锈菌生理小种对欧洲鉴别寄主Heines peko进行抗条锈性遗传机制研究,将为挖掘新的抗条锈基因、培育优良抗条锈性品种奠定基础。用Heinespeko与小麦感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交获F1、F2和F3代群体。对亲本及其后代分别在苗期接种条中30号、条中31号、条中32号和水-4,进行遗传分析。结果表明,Heines peko对条中30号小种的抗性由1对隐性基因控制。对条中31号、水-4的抗性均由1显1隐2对基因互补或抑制作用控制,Heines peko对2个小种的抗性可能由相同基因控制。对条中32号的抗性是由2对隐性基因相互抑制控制。利用分组分析法(BAS)对抗条中30号小种的遗传群体进行分子作图,筛选到1个位于2AS与抗条中30号小种基因连锁的SSR标记Barc212,用Barc212对170个F2代单株分析表明,该基因与Barc212引物扩增位点的遗传距离为10.6cM。Barc212可作为抗条中30号基因的SSR标记。 相似文献
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大豆花叶病毒病研究进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
大豆花叶病毒病是世界性病害,导致大豆产量降低并产生种粒斑驳。目前国内外对SMV株系的划分不统一。美国报道了G1-G7,G7A,C14九个株系,日本报道了A-E 5个株系,中国东北1、2、3号株系,江苏SA-SH株系,湖北S1,S2株系,黄淮Y 1-Y7株系。各地学者开展了抗源的鉴定和抗病育种工作,筛选和选育出一批抗病品种。美国已命名3个抗性基因,Rsv1,Rsv2,Rsv3。由于抗源不同,对中国东北3个株系SM V抗性遗传研究结果不同,抗性受1对或2对显性或隐性基因控制;对江苏株系抗性遗传研究结果一致,抗性受单显性基因控制。对感染SM V后大豆植株及种粒生理生化性状的变化及抗性机制进行了研究,表明过氧化物酶同工酶等性状与抗性有关。目前已鉴定出与抗性基因连锁的SSR,RFL P和R APD分子标记,成功的克隆了SMV外壳蛋白基因并导入大豆中。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Genetic analysis for resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) of 21 rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars was carried out. These cultivars were divided into two groups based on their reactions to Philippine races of bacterial blight. Cultivars of group 1 were resistant to race 1 and those of group 2 were susceptible to race 1 but resistant to race 2. All the cultivars were crossed with TN1, which is susceptible to all the Philippine races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. F(1) and F(2) populations of hybrids of group 1 cultivars were evaluated using race 1 and F(1) and F(2) populations of hybrids of group 2 cultivars were evaluated using race 2. All the cultivars showed monogenic inheritance of resistance. Allelic relationships of the genes were investigated by crossing these cultivars with different testers having single genes for resistance. Three cultivars have Xa4, another three have xa5, one has xa8, two have Xa3, eight have Xa10, and one has Xa4 as well as Xa10. Three cultivars have new, as yet undescribed, genes. Nep Bha Bong To has a new recessive gene for moderate resistance to races 1, 2, and 3 and resistance to race 5. This gene is designated xa26(t). Arai Raj has a dominant gene for resistance to race 2 which segregates independently of Xa10. This gene is designated as Xa27(t). Lota Sail has a recessive gene for resistance to race 2 which segregates independently of Xa10. This gene is designated as xa28(t). 相似文献
16.
小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主尤皮Ⅱ号抗条锈性遗传分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
小麦品种尤皮Ⅱ号是重要的中国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主.为研究尤皮Ⅱ号的抗条锈性遗传基础,将该品种分别与感病品种铭贤169及其它抗病品种杂交,获得各组合的F1、BC1和F2代群体.在温室对各组合亲本及F1、BC1和F2代群体进行了苗期抗性鉴定.结果表明,尤皮Ⅱ号对CY29菌系的抗性由两对隐性基因独立或重叠遗传控制;对CY23的抗性由两对显性基因互补遗传控制;对CY31的抗性亦由两对显性基因互补遗传控制,而对Su-1的抗性则由一对显性基因控制.抗CY29的两对基因不抗CY23、CY31和Su-1,因此将这两对基因暂定名为YrJu1和YrJu2.抗CY23的两对基因中,其中一对同时抗CY31和Su-1,该基因与Spaldings prolific中的一对基因等位或紧密连锁,将该基因暂定名为YrJu3;另一对则与抗引655中的一对抗性基因等位或紧密连锁,暂定名为YrJu4.YrJu1、YrJu2、YrJu3和YrJu4均与其它供试品种中的已知抗性基因不同. 相似文献
17.
三个小麦-簇毛麦易位系抗条锈性遗传及基因间关系分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用8个我国当前流行的条锈菌生理小种(菌系)对三个易位系进行抗锈性评价,并用CYR30、CYR31、Su-4和单孢菌系CYR32-6对三个易位系与感病品种铭贤169配制的F1、BC,1F1和F2代株系以及三个易位系之间双列杂交的F2株系进行遗传分析和等位性分析.结果表明:三个易位系是优秀的小麦抗条锈病资源;V9128-1对CYR30、CYR32-6和Su-4的抗病性由1对显性基因控制,对CYR31的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因独立控制,V9128-3对四个菌系的抗病性均由1对显性基因控制,V3对CYR32-6和Su-4的抗病性均由2对显性基因互补作用控制,对CYR31的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因独立控制或由1对显性基因控制;V9128-1与V9128-3对CYR31、CYR32-6和Su-4有相同或紧密连锁的抗病基因,且对CYR30、CYR32-6和Su-4的抗病基因与V3都不同.但与V3含有相同或紧密连锁的抗CYR31基因. 相似文献
18.
大豆胞囊线虫Heterodera glycinesIchinohe病害是大豆生产中的毁灭性病害,对世界大豆生产造成重大损失。采用根染色法和常规土壤线虫分类鉴定技术研究了连作和轮作两种耕作方式下大豆胞囊线虫群体数量和土壤线虫群落结构的变化。结果表明,连作使大豆田土壤中胞囊和根系上各龄期胞囊线虫数量显著增加(95.6→335.5),而轮作积累很少(10.3→31.8),感病品种中J2的侵入数量决定了大豆胞囊线虫形成胞囊的数量(22.8→95.6,129.4→335.5)。玉米-玉米-大豆的轮作方式使胞囊积累最少(10.3)。轮作大豆田土壤线虫总数高于连作,主要由于轮作大豆田土壤线虫的优势属Helicotylenchus和优势营养类群植物寄生线虫PP的相对丰度高于连作,但大豆胞囊线虫的相对丰度正相反,连作(33.65%)高于轮作(0.91%),说明Heterodera glycines可以作为土壤线虫的关键属种用以指示土壤发病的严重程度。研究中重要的优势属和关键属种cp值均为3,说明其繁殖和抗干扰能力比较强。研究证明土壤线虫优势营养类群、优势属种和关键属种可以有效地指示农业土壤健康状况和大豆田的大豆胞囊线虫病害的发生程度。 相似文献
19.
Margarita Elvira-Recuenco Josie R. Bevan John D. Taylor 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(6):555-564
Resistance to pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) in different plant parts was assessed in 19 Pisum sativum cultivars and landraces, carrying race-specific resistance genes (R-genes) and two Pisum abyssinicum accessions carrying race-nonspecific resistance. Stems, leaves and pods were inoculated with seven races of P. s. pv. pisi under glasshouse conditions. For both race-specific and nonspecific resistance, a resistant response in the stem was not always associated with resistance in leaf and pod. Race-specific genes conferred stem resistance consistently, however, there was variability in the responses of leaves and pods which depended on the matching R-gene and A-gene (avirulence gene in the pathogen) combination. R2 generally conferred resistance in all plant parts. R3 or R4 singly did not confer complete resistance in leaf and pod, however, R3 in combination with R2 or R4 enhanced leaf and pod resistance. Race-nonspecific resistance conferred stem resistance to all races, leaf and pod resistance to races 2, 5 and 7 and variable reactions in leaves and pods to races 1, 3, 4 and 6.Disease expression was also studied in the field under autumn/winter conditions. P. sativum cultivar, Kelvedon Wonder (with no R genes), and two P. abyssinicum accessions, were inoculated with the most frequent races in Europe under field conditions (2, 4 and 6). Kelvedon Wonder was very susceptible to all three races, whereas P. abyssinicum was much less affected. The combination of disease resistance with frost tolerance in P. abyssinicum enabled plants to survive through the winter. A breeding strategy combining race-nonspecific resistance derived from P. abyssinicum with race-specific R-genes should provide durable resistance under severe disease pressure. 相似文献
20.
丛枝菌根真菌与大豆胞囊线虫相互作用研究初报 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在温室盆栽条件下对大豆‘开育10’品种接种了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌:Gigaspora margarita Becker&Hall、Glomus fasiculatum(Thaxt) Gerd.&Trappe、G.intraradices Schenck&Smith、G.mosseae Nicolson&Gedermann及G.versiforme Berch和/或大豆胞囊线虫(SCN,Heterodera glycines)4号生理小种。供试AM真菌可不同程度地促进大豆植株的生长发育,增加植株高度、地上部和地下部干重及单株产量,减轻感病大豆品种‘开育10’SCN的危害,降低病情指数、根上和根围土壤中胞囊数量、2龄幼虫和胞囊内卵数。其中,G.fasiculatum、Gi.margarita和G.intraradices的效应大于G.mosseae和G.versiforme的处理。接种SCN显著降低了G.intraradices和G.versiforme对大豆根系的侵染率、G.fasiculatum的产孢数量及G.intraradices的侵入点数量,增加了G.mosseae的产孢数量。认为部分AM真菌能有效地抑制SCN对大豆根系的侵染、胞囊发育和2龄幼虫的形成。 相似文献