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1.
为明确福建省部分马铃薯产区晚疫病菌群体结构,2017年-2019年在龙海市、福安市、霞浦县共分离获得96株马铃薯晚疫病菌。采用对峙培养法、鉴别寄主法和PCR-RFLP法对这些菌株的交配型、生理小种及线粒体DNA (mtDNA)单倍型进行分析。交配型测定结果显示,除了福建省福安市有5株(5.21%)为A1交配型外,其余91株(94.79%)均为自育型,未发现A2交配型及A1A2型菌株。从96个菌株中检测出16个生理小种类型,龙海市和福安市的优势生理小种均是可克服11个显性抗病单基因的1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11,霞浦县的优势生理小种为1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.10。供试菌株均至少含有6个毒性基因。mtDNA单倍型共检测出3种类型,其中55个菌株(龙海市22株、福安市8株、霞浦县25株)为Ⅰa型,占57.29%,32个菌株(龙海市2株、福安市25株、霞浦县5株)为Ⅱa型,占33.33%,9个菌株(福安市7株、霞浦县2株)为Ⅱb型,占9.37%。研究结果表明,福建省马铃薯晚疫病菌群体遗传多样性日趋复杂。 相似文献
2.
由致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)引起的马铃薯和番茄的晚疫病是一种世界范围内的重要病害。在致病疫霉与寄主的互作过程中,效应因子对于病原物能否成功入侵与定殖起到了关键作用。本研究检测了来自中国马铃薯主产区的37株致病疫霉菌中编码Avr3a, Avr4和IPI-O三种效应因子的基因组成,研究发现来自国内的所有供试菌株中只有1株分离自马铃薯的和2株分离自番茄的致病疫霉含有无毒基因Avr3a(编码Avr3aKI),其余菌株均含有avr3a(编码Avr3aEM);所有菌株中都仅含有编码截断蛋白的avr4;从37株国内菌株中共检测到了25种ipiO变异型,其中20种为新变异型,聚类分析的结果表明这些变异型仍属于已报道的三类ipiO,而且大部分ipiO变异型为无毒型,可以被抗性基因Rpi-blb1识别。该研究结果表明avr3a和avr4普遍存在于中国致病疫霉菌株中,推测大部分菌株可以克服R3a和R4抗性基因;而ipiO的无毒变异型仍然普遍存在于国内致病疫霉群体中,可以被马铃薯含有的抗性基因Rpi-blb1识别。 相似文献
3.
2003~2005年,从云南省德宏州新兴冬作马铃薯主产区采集的马铃薯晚疫病病样中分离纯化到86株致病疫霉菌,对其代表性菌株的表型特征进行了较系统的研究。交配型实验结果表明:所测定的62个菌株都属于A1交配型,未发现A2交配型或自育型菌株。毒性基因鉴定、监测及生理小种组成分析显示:德宏州存在所有已知可鉴定的毒性基因,而且生理小种组成非常复杂;所测定的66个菌株可区分出36个生理小种,其中,出现频率最高的小种为1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,占被测菌株的18.18%,在主产区潞西县和盈江县均有分布。对60个菌株的甲霜灵抗性测定结果表明:56.67%的菌株表现为敏感,25.00%的菌株中抗,18.33%的菌株对甲霜灵有抗性。本文对此实验研究结果作了初步的分析和讨论。 相似文献
4.
为明确引起马铃薯黄萎病的大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae的遗传变异和致病力的差异,对从内蒙古及其周边地区马铃薯发病株上分离得到的29株大丽轮枝菌的营养亲和群、生理小种和交配型进行了测定,利用伤根接种法进行致病力分化研究。结果表明,供试的29株马铃薯大丽轮枝菌菌株被划分为VCG2B、VCG4B和VCG4A三个营养亲和群,其菌株数分别为11、2和16株;供试的29株菌株均鉴定为单一的2号生理小种和MAT1-2-1交配型。供试的29株大丽轮枝菌菌株间致病力存在一定的差异,其中NCP-1菌株的致病力最强,病情指数为83.33;而NWS-5菌株的致病力最弱,病情指数仅为10.85;不同营养亲和群菌株的平均致病力也存在显著差异,VCG4B型菌株的平均致病力最高,平均病情指数为67.18;其次为VCB2B型菌株,平均病情指数为42.50,而VCG4A型菌株致病力最弱,平均病情指数仅为20.54。 相似文献
5.
福建省致病疫霉交配型、甲霜灵敏感性及生理小种组成分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确福建省致病疫霉的群体结构及其变化特点,对2001—2007年分离自11个市(县)的番茄和马铃薯产区的致病疫霉菌株进行交配型、甲霜灵敏感性及生理小种测定。交配型测定的187个菌株中,181株为A1交配型,1株为A2交配型,1株为A1,A2交配型,1株为自育交配型,其余3株交配型未知。对187个菌株的甲霜灵敏感性测定结果表明,高抗、中抗和敏感菌株分别占97.3%、2.1%、0.5%。生理小种测定结果表明,供试的11个抗性基因均可被克服,其毒性频率在3.3%～100%之间,51个菌株存在30个生理小种,其中小种3.7出现频率最高,为13.7%,是福建省优势生理小种类型;其次为小种3.4.7,发生频率为9.8%。 相似文献
6.
为明确宁夏回族自治区马铃薯主产区晚疫病菌的交配型种类以及生理小种的类型、组成和分布,为宁夏有针对性地选育马铃薯抗晚疫病品种提供科学依据。利用A1、A2交配型标准菌株和含有11个主效抗性基因的鉴别寄主,对2018年-2019年从原州区、泾源县、彭阳县、隆德县、西吉县、盐池县、海原县采集得到的130个马铃薯晚疫病菌菌株进行交配型和生理小种鉴定。结果表明,宁夏马铃薯晚疫病菌群体的交配型和生理小种存在多样性,采集地交配型有A1、A2、SF(自育型)3类,分别占被测菌株的30%、63.8%、6.2%;生理小种有8种类型,其中生理小种1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11发生频率最高,占被测菌株总数的44.62%,是宁夏马铃薯主栽区的晚疫病菌优势小种,在各测试地均有分布;次优势小种为3.4.10和1.2.3.5.6.7.8.11,发生频率分别为12.31%和10.77%。宁夏不同种植区域马铃薯晚疫病菌交配型组成复杂,采集地组成差异较大,但西吉县、原州区交配型年度间的变化基本趋于一致。宁夏马铃薯晚疫病菌群体组成日趋复杂,生产中要合理布局已有抗病品种,挖掘培育抗病水平高的新品种,综合防控马铃薯... 相似文献
7.
由致病疫霉引起的马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中最具危害性的病害,明确现有马铃薯品种(品系)中抗病基因组成情况对于指导抗病品种合理布局及抗病育种具有重要意义。本研究利用农杆菌介导的无毒基因瞬时表达技术分析了致病疫霉8个无毒基因在29个马铃薯品种(品系)中的分布情况。结果表明,品种间抗病基因组成各异,平均每个品种含有4个抗病基因。同时,不同抗病基因在品种中的分布频率也不同,抗病基因R1(76%)、Rpi-blb1(66%)和Rpi-blb2(66%)在品种中分布较普遍;而含抗病基因R3b(45%)、R4(38%)和Rpi-vnt1(34%)的品种较少。此外,品种中所含抗性基因的数量和品种室内抗性程度呈显著正相关(r=0.915 6,P=0.029 1)。 相似文献
8.
以稀释倒平板法从0型菌086和IV型菌967-4和9620中分离到59个单细胞系;在12个近等基因系品种上,086和其单细胞系表现为弱毒力,2个IV型菌及其单细胞系能克服抗病基因Xa-1、2、3、8、10、11、14的抗性,不能克服Xa-21、4、5、7、13的抗性;带主效抗病基因的品种Asominori、XM5、M41、XM6和丰锦能把3个母株的59个单细胞系区分为12种数量差异或质量差异的不同致病型;将此5品种与近等基因系配合,适合作为病菌致病基因变异频度监测的寄主;采用"段叶沙培,切口取菌胶"法分离病菌,在中国致病型鉴定品种上划分的致病型,是田间病菌群体毒力结构的表型反应。 相似文献
9.
为进一步了解田间稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae群体中AVR-Pia基因的分布及变异,利用水稻单基因系IRBLa-C水稻品种对自云南省13个市(州)采集分离得到的471株稻瘟病菌菌株进行抗性基因Pia有效性测定;利用无毒基因AVR-Pia特异性标记对471株稻瘟病菌菌株进行PCR检测和测序,并分析稻瘟病菌群体中无毒基因AVR-Pia的分布及DNA结构变异;利用有效性结果和PCR检测结果对471株菌株进行反应型划分,筛选鉴定菌株;利用鉴定菌株对云南省112份地方稻种进行Pia基因鉴定。结果表明,在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,对含有Pia基因的水稻单基因系IRBLa-C表现为抗病和感病的菌株数分别为139株和332株,所占比例分别为29.5%和70.5%;在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,分别有244株和227株菌株含有无毒基因AVR-Pia和不含有无毒基因AVR-Pia,所占比例分别为51.8%和48.2%,无毒基因AVR-Pia主要为完全缺失变异;在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,A-和V+反应型菌株数分别为56株和161株,共217株,占总菌株数的46.1%,在13个市(州)稻瘟病菌群体中,A-和V+反应型菌株所占比例差异较大,其中在普洱市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、昭通市、玉溪市4个市(州)的比例较大,分别为77.8%、57.1%、52.1%和50.0%;在112份云南省地方稻种质资源中,有20份地方稻品种含有抗性基因Pia,主要分布在9个市(州)中。表明云南省13个市(州)绝大部分水稻产区水稻Pia基因已丧抗性,含Pia基因的水稻种质在云南省分布较广。 相似文献
10.
大麦白粉菌种群毒性监测及抗性材料鉴定 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
2005和2006年从我国冬大麦区采集和分离大麦白粉菌单胞菌株729个,利用Pallas近等基因系进行致病型鉴定和群体毒性频率分析.同时,利用分离得到的不同致病型菌株,通过抗谱分析的方法鉴定了328份大麦品种(系)的白粉病抗性和抗病基因.结果显示:大麦白粉菌群体对抗病基因Mlal Mla(A12)、Mla3、Mla6 Mla14、Mla7 Mla(No3)、Mla7 Ml(Lg2)、Mla9 Mlk、Mla9、Mlal3 MlaRu3、Mlpl、Mlg(Cp)和mlo5的毒性频率为0;对Mla12 MlaEm2、Mla7 Mlk、Mlat Mla8、Mla10MlaDu2和Mlk1的毒性频率很低,分别为0.1%、0.4%、0.9%、2.8%和4.2%.两年共鉴定出不同的致病型21个,致病型000、001和003在两个年度皆为优势致病型.所鉴定的328份材料绝大多数感病,仅37份抗病材料,能明确推导出抗白粉病基因的品种(品系)很少,这些品种(品系)含有的抗白粉病基因为Mr(Bw)Mla8、Mlg、Mira Mla8、Mla9 Mla1、Mla Mla(A12)和mlo5. 相似文献
11.
Thomas Miedaner Bettina Klocke Kerstin Flath Hartwig H. Geiger W. Eberhard Weber 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(1):23-35
A large collection of German rye leaf rust isolates was analysed to characterize the diversity, spatial variation and temporal
dynamics of virulences. Virulence-avirulence phenotypes (=pathotypes) were determined on 23 host differentials. We found 93
pathotypes among 177 single-uredinial isolates in 2000, 201 pathotypes among 437 isolates in 2001, and 125 pathotypes among
213 isolates in 2002. In total, the 827 analyzed isolates represented 317 pathotypes. Frequency of virulences on the individual
differentials varied from 2% to 97%. Eight of the differentials showed a high resistance level with virulence frequencies
<10%. Virulence complexity of the isolates ranged from 3 to 21 with a mean of nine. The percentages of highly virulent isolates
(>14 virulences) increased from 4 to 15% during the sampling period. A high level of virulence diversity was observed within
and between individual sampling sites with Simpson indices around 0.9. Evenness indices ranged from 0.88 to 0.92. Four of
the five most frequent pathotypes were found in each year but their frequency never exceeded 10%. Isolates with unusual virulence
combinations could be clearly separated by principal component analysis. Location-specific pathotype frequencies were revealed
in each year, but the frequency patterns varied across years. On four fields a considerable increase of highly virulent pathotypes
occurred within 6 weeks during the epidemic. The high diversity of pathotypes as well as the fast accumulation of highly virulent
pathotypes favour the adaptation of the pathogen to race-specific host resistances. More durable resistance might be achievable
by combining new effective race-specific resistances with adult-plant and/or race-non-specific quantitative resistances. 相似文献
12.
为了解华南稻区水稻白叶枯病菌的致病性分化和变异动态,采集华南地区水稻白叶枯病病叶标样分离病原菌,应用中国鉴别寄主IR26、南粳15、爪哇14、特特普、金刚30和国际水稻已知抗病基因的近等基因系IRBB5、IRBB13、IRBB3、IRBB14、IRBB2、IR24两套鉴别寄主,在水稻孕穗期采用剪叶法接种,依据寄主和菌株的互作反应检测病菌的致病性分化。结果显示,参试菌株可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅸ六个致病型和R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R8、R10七个致病小种。Ⅴ、Ⅳ致病型和R8、R5小种出现频率分别为27.40%、19.30%和44.67%、15.34%,为华南稻区优势种群。Ⅸ、Ⅴ、Ⅳ致病型和R8、R5小种对500份华南稻区品种资源的致病率依次为96.40%、95.00%、50.40%、62.00%和42.60%;Ⅸ致病型毒性最强且发展很快;强致病菌系Ⅴ型已替代Ⅳ型发展为华南优势致病菌系。 相似文献
13.
Verticillium dahliae isolates from potato on the island of Hokkaido (potato isolates) and those belonging to pathotypes A (eggplant pathotype),
B (tomato pathotype) and C (sweet pepper pathotype) were divided into three distinct groups by RAPD and REP-PCR. The three
DNA groups I, II, III consisted of pathotypes A and C, pathotype B and potato isolates, respectively. The potato isolates
were assigned to pathotype A on the basis of pathogenicity. Another set of potato isolates was further collected from eight
potato cropping regions on Hokkaido to further examine the relationships among them in detail. Only one of these isolates
was identified as DNA group II, but all the others were classified as DNA group III. Isolates from daikon, eggplant, and melon
on Hokkaido also belonged to DNA group III. These results suggest that V. dahliae isolates from Hokkaido are unique at the DNA level and different from other pathotype A isolates in Japan.
Received 28 February 2000/ Accepted in revised form 6 November 2000 相似文献
14.
2013-2016年甘肃省小麦条锈菌生理小种变异监测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2013-2016年对1 000份甘肃省小麦条锈菌标样进行生理小种鉴定和监测, 结果表明:共监测到56个生理小种及致病类型。贵农22致病类群已占据优势地位, 出现频率由2013年的28.72%上升到2016年的66.76%。新小种条中34号(原代号贵22-9)出现频率由2013年的11.28%上升到2016年的34.85%, 居第一位; 条中32号出现频率由2013年的15.38%下降到2016年的9.12%, 居第二位; 贵22-14致病类型2016年出现频率6.43%, 居第三位; 条中33号出现频率由13.85%降为5.63%, 居第四位。次要小种HY4、HY8、水11-4、水11-5、水11-7及贵22-8、贵22-45、贵22-74等类型出现频率较低, 在051%~615%之间。毒性频率分析发现, 到2016年对 Yr9、Yr3b + Yr4b、YrSu、Yr26 基因的毒性频率均超过58%, 其中对 Yr26 超过72%, 甘肃省小麦条锈菌群体已进入以条中34号为主、贵农22致病类群占优势的新的变异活跃期。抗锈育种应以针对条中34号、条中32号、条中33号为主, 兼顾贵农22、Hybrid 46和水源11致病类群中其他类型。 相似文献
15.
Forty-eight chickpea germplasm lines, including 22 differentials used in previous studies, were characterized for disease phenotypes following inoculation with six isolates of Didymella (anamorph Ascochyta ) rabiei , representing a wide spectrum of pathogenic variation. Representative isolates were also directly compared with six previously identified races on eight chickpea genotypes. Many of the chickpea differentials reacted similarly to inoculation with each isolate of D. rabiei , and several previously identified races caused similar levels of disease on the differentials. This indicates that the number of differentials can be reduced significantly without sacrificing accuracy in describing pathogenic variation of D. rabiei on chickpea. Pathogenic variation among samples of US isolates allowed classification of the isolates into two pathotypes. The distribution of disease phenotypes of the 48 germplasm lines was bimodal after inoculation with pathotype I isolates, whereas the distribution of disease phenotypes was continuous after inoculation with pathotype II isolates. Such distinct distribution patterns suggest that chickpea plants employ different resistance mechanisms to each pathotype and that the two pathotypes may have different genetic mechanisms controlling pathogenicity. The advantages of using the two-pathotype system in assaying pathogenicity of the pathogen and in studying resistance mechanisms of the host are discussed. Three chickpea accessions, PI 559361, PI 559363 and W6 22589, showed a high level of resistance to both pathotypes, and can be employed as resistance sources in chickpea breeding programmes for resistance to ascochyta blight. 相似文献
16.
Ludwik S. Sujkowski Stephen B. Goodwin William E. Fry 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):555-561
Ninety-five isolates ofPhytophthora infestans collected throughout Poland during 1985–1991 and characterized for multilocus genotypes based on mating type, allozymes and DNA fingerprint, were analyzed for specific virulence to differential potato cultivars carrying ten major resistance genes. The multilocus analysis led to three groupings. The first group contained 22 isolates of a clonal lineage (PO-1) that is postulated to have been present in Europe during most of the twentieth century, but PO-1 isolates were recovered in Poland only during 1985–1988. This group contained, on average, virulence to 5.5 specific resistance genes per isolate. The second group consisted of 30 isolates in a clonal lineage (PO-4) that had not been detected before 1988. PO-4 isolates had virulence to a mean of 6.5 resistance genes per isolate. The third group was composed of 43 isolates representing 38 multilocus genotypes also not detected before 1988. These diverse genotypes had virulence to an average of 6.7 specific resistance genes per isolate. More than half (53%) of the PO-4 isolates shared a single pathotype. The group of 43 isolates was dominated by two pathotypes: the most common one (47% of the isolates) was the same pathotype that dominated PO-4 isolates; the next most common one (21%) differed from the most common one by the absence of virulence to resistance gene R5. The recent immigrant isolates (not detected before 1988) generally had virulence to a greater number of specific resistance genes than did isolates in the previous population [detected before 1988 (PO-1)]. Recent immigrant populations were dominated by one or two pathotypes, so their pathotypic diversity values were somewhat less than that of the previous population. 相似文献
17.
Y. E. Tian J. L. Yin J. P. Sun Y. F. Ma Q. H. Wang J. L. Quan W. X. Shan 《Plant pathology》2016,65(1):17-25
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most devastating disease of potato worldwide. To understand the P. infestans population structure and dynamics in northwestern China, 959 single‐lesion isolates were purified in three consecutive years (2009–2011) and were characterized for mating type, pathotype, mtDNA haplotype and molecular variation at eight SSR loci. The results showed that the distribution of mating types changed significantly over years, with self‐fertile isolates dominant in 2010 and 2011. SSR genotyping distinguished 959 isolates into 151 genotypes, and association analysis indicated that P. infestans populations in 2010 and 2011 were strictly asexual while in 2009 they showed signs of sexual reproduction. Population analysis showed that the majority of genetic variation was within P. infestans populations. Isolates sharing identical SSR genotypes were detected in distant regions, indicating that migration of P. infestans could have occurred between regions. Pathogenicity assays on a set of potato differential lines containing R1 to R11 resistance genes detected four pathotypes from 74 selected isolates, with the pathotype virulent against all 11 R genes being dominant. Three mtDNA haplotypes (Ia, IIa, IIb) were detected with Ia being dominant among 507 isolates examined. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. infestans populations in northwestern China are distant from European lineages including 13‐A2 (blue‐13) at the time of this survey. The results have implications for the trade of healthy seed tubers as a means of managing late blight. 相似文献
18.
Dominance of a single clonal lineage in the Phytophthora infestans population from northern Shaanxi,China revealed by genetic and phenotypic diversity analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most serious disease of potato worldwide. To understand the P. infestans population structure in northern Shaanxi, an emerging potato production region in China, 125 single‐lesion isolates were randomly collected from farmers' fields in 2009 and characterized phenotypically and genotypically. A mating type assay showed that 94 isolates were A1 mating type. Virulence determination of selected isolates on a set of differential potato lines containing R1 to R11, respectively, showed the presence of two pathotypes, of which the pathotype lacking avirulence genes Avr3, Avr4 and Avr10 was dominant. Isolates lacking all avirulence factors Avr1 to Avr11 were detected but at lower frequency (13·6%). Analysis for mtDNA haplotype showed all 61 examined isolates were IIa. A total of seven multilocus genotypes were distinguished among 125 isolates, as determined with seven polymorphic microsatellite markers. The genotype SG‐1 was dominant in the population with a frequency of 75·2% and was present throughout the region. Analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic structures of P. infestans populations indicated strict clonal reproduction of the pathogen and suggested that sexual reproduction probably does not occur. Potential implications for disease management are discussed. 相似文献
19.
由致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans(Mont)de Bary引起的晚疫病是马铃薯生产上可导致绝收的世界性病害,在我国各地均有发生和流行[1].传统的致病型鉴别只局限于表型上的分析,无法对复杂多变的晚疫病菌致病型变化进行快速准确的预测,因此有必要探索新的方法来弥补常规手段的不足,以便更加准确有效地监测其变化趋势.晚疫病菌与寄主马铃薯这一病理体系中的单一抗性基因和相应的无毒基因符合典型"基因对基因"学说,因此基于抗病基因与无毒基因的关系对晚疫病菌分类将更为科学和实用.到目前为止,已知的晚疫病菌无毒基因序列有Avr1、Avr2、Avr3a和Avr4[2,3].本研究试图分析晚疫病菌基于无毒基因的指纹类型与马铃薯鉴别品种划分的致病型之间是否存在对应关系,以期进一步了解病原菌群体结构特征及遗传变异本质,从而更好地指导抗晚疫病育种和品种的合理布局. 相似文献
20.
César Llave Belén Martínez J.R. Díaz-Ruíz D. López-Abella 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(9):847-857
The serological relationships of Potato Virus Y (PVY) isolates belonging to the pepper pathotypes 0, 1 and 1-2 were established by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PVY pepper pathotypes did not react with monoclonal antibodies which typically recognize non-pepper strains within the PVY group, leading to discrimination between these two groups of strains. No serological differences were found between the three PVY pepper pathotypes. The coat protein (CP) nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the three different PVY pepper pathotypes were determined. The highest sequence similarity was found between pathotypes 0 and 1 (99.2%), while the lowest occurred between these two and pathotype 1–2 (98.1%). PVY strains from potato and tobacco appeared more distantly related. Phenetic analysis of the CP amino acid sequences showed that the PVY pepper pathotypes formed a tightly clustered group separate from other PVY strains. 相似文献