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不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草的发生及小麦产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
探讨四川省小麦田免耕不覆盖稻草、免耕覆盖稻草、翻耕3种不同耕作方式下杂草发生规律以及小麦生长差异,结果表明,免耕处理可减少杂草的发生,免耕加5 000 kg/hm2稻草覆盖量可有效控制小麦田杂草的发生;免耕不覆盖稻草和翻耕处理在小麦播后2周左右杂草有1个出苗高峰,因此应在小麦播种后第2周对杂草进行化学防除.3种不同耕作方式下对小麦生长发育影响较大的杂草为禾本科杂草和繁缕;覆盖稻草可在一定程度上促进小麦出苗后的生长,产量也较未覆盖处理和翻耕处理高. 相似文献
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为了探讨咪唑乙烟酸的除草效果及对豆科作物生长的影响,采用1500ml/hm2和2000ml/hm2两个剂量的5%咪唑乙烟酸AS对黄豆、绿豆、黄芪间作田进行了播后苗前土壤处理及苗后早期茎叶处理。结果表明,两个剂量播后苗前土壤处理的总杂草株防效分别为90.2%和92.6%;苗后早期茎叶处理的总杂草株防效分别为94.0%和95.2%,尤其是对马齿苋、藜等杂草防除效果显著,土壤处理防效达100%,但对多年生杂草问荆防除效果较差。不同处理方法两个剂量咪唑乙烟酸对3种豆科作物均无明显药害。 相似文献
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夏玉米播种时气温较高,杂草生长较快,杂草发生集中且以禾本科杂草占绝对优势。我场历年用阿特拉津或拉索于播后苗前进行土壤封闭处理,取得了好的防除效果,但也带来了一些问题。本文就这些问题及夏玉米田今后的化学除草趋势进行分析探讨。 (一)筛选推广茎叶处理剂麦收后为了抢播夏玉米,常常是整地质量不及春播玉米田精细。播后苗前土壤封闭化除因垡块较大,而影响防效,同时从播种到出苗的时间较短,也容易错过防除适期,每年都出现一定面积的草荒。1987年我场在夏玉米田进行了阿特拉津不同用量、不同施药期的试验, 相似文献
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连续2年对3种不同耕作方式下小麦田杂草的发生规律和防治进行研究,结果显示,四川省小麦田在3种不同耕作方式杂草发生的种类差异不大,主要有5科7种,翻耕处理杂草数量最多,其次为免耕不覆盖稻草处理,免耕覆盖稻草处理杂草最少.在同一耕作方式下,小麦生长前期的杂草最多,生长中期居中,生长后期最少.免耕不覆盖稻草处理的优势杂草为禾本科杂草＋繁缕,免耕覆盖稻草处理和翻耕处理优势杂草为繁缕＋禾本科杂草.杂草的发生高峰期集中在播后2～4周,占整个生育期的70％～ 80％.免耕覆盖稻草小麦的产量较免耕不覆盖稻草和翻耕产量高,翻耕和免耕不覆盖稻草差异不大.通过药剂筛选可知,炔草酯可有效防除禾本科杂草（棒头草和看麦娘）;2甲·唑草酮和唑草酮都能有效防除繁缕、通泉草、碎米荠,2甲·唑草酮比唑草酮杀草谱宽,效果更好;2甲·氯氟吡和氯氟吡氧乙酸能有效防除繁缕、通泉草,2甲·氯氟吡比氯氟吡氧乙酸杀草谱宽,效果更好;苯磺隆对繁缕、碎米荠防效优良,对通泉草、扬子毛茛防效较差. 相似文献
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呼伦贝尔农区大豆和玉米田除草剂使用技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从呼伦贝尔市农区大豆、玉米的生产实际和多年的专业实践中,总结出大豆、玉米化学除草的实用技术。大豆田播后,苗前可选用广灭灵、都尔、乐丰宝、乙草胺、赛克等药剂混配施用。大豆田苗后除草,可选用拿捕净、高效盖草能、克阔乐、氟磺胺草醚、排草丹等混用或单用。玉米田播后苗前,667m2可选用42%玉草净悬浮乳剂或40%乙莠水悬浮乳剂150～200mL、50%乙草胺乳油80～100mL或72%都尔乳油100mL,对水60kg均匀喷雾,可防除一年生禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草;茎叶处理667m2常用42%玉草净悬浮乳剂或40%乙莠水悬浮乳剂150～200mL、50%乙草胺乳油80～100mL或72%都尔乳油100mL,对水60kg均匀喷雾。药剂的施用剂量和配方在生产中应用取得了较好的效果,可在生产中根据杂草群落情况选用。 相似文献
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通过对40%乙(乙草胺).扑(扑草净)可湿性粉剂进行玉米田间小区试验,明确了该药剂防除玉米田杂草具有效果好,药效期长,杀草谱广,施药期宽等优点。安全适宜的用法在玉米播后苗前或移栽前进行土壤处理,用药量长江以南为150 g/667m2,对水不少于45 kg/667m2。 相似文献
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We compared photosynthesis and growth of Zea mays L (corn) and four weed species, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv (green foxtail), Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv (barnyardgrass), Abutilon theophrasti Medic (velvetleaf), and Amaranthus retroflexus L (redroot pigweed), following foliar applications with atrazine, mesotrione, or a combination of atrazine and mesotrione in two greenhouse experiments. Plant responses to the three herbicide treatments were compared with responses of untreated plants (control). Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of Z mays was not reduced by any of the herbicide treatments. Photosynthesis and dry mass of E crus-galli, A retroflexus and A theophrasti were significantly reduced by mesotrione and atrazine alone and in combination. Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of large Sviridis plants were not suppressed by either herbicide applied alone. The mesotrione plus atrazine treatment was the most effective treatment for grass weed control because plants did not regain photosynthetic capacity and had significantly lower dry mass. Shoot dry mass of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced by all three herbicide treatments, except for A retroflexus treated with mesotrione alone. 相似文献
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3种莠去津复配剂对玉米田杂草的防除效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为降低莠去津对后茬作物的危害及环境的污染,选用3种莠去津复配制剂（20％烟嘧·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂、25％硝磺草酮·莠去津悬浮剂、50％硝磺草酮·莠去津·乙草胺悬乳剂）进行玉米田杂草防除效果研究,为田间合理选用除草剂提供依据。结果显示,3种复配剂对玉米地田间杂草群体防效均较好,药后45 d杂草群体株防效在84．00％以上、鲜质量防效在97．00％以上,25％硝磺草酮·莠去津悬浮剂对狗尾草防效较差,说明各复配剂能有效防除玉米地田间杂草且对玉米生长安全。 相似文献
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为了明确背负式静电喷雾器静电喷施对玉米田除草剂的减量效应,以土壤处理除草剂40%乙·莠SE和茎叶处理除草剂30%苯唑草酮SC+90%莠去津WG+专用助剂作为参试除草剂,测定了背负式静电喷雾器在不同施药剂量下的静电喷施效果。结果表明:背负式静电喷雾器静电喷施对40%乙·莠SE和30%苯唑草酮SC+90%莠去津WG+专用助剂均有明显的减量效应。当40%乙·莠SE和30%苯唑草酮SC+90%莠去津WG+专用助剂中90%莠去津WG的施用量分别降至2 850 mL/hm~2和825 g/hm~2时,较各自推荐施用量分别减少用药量36.67%和21.43%,对玉米田主要杂草仍有理想的控制效果,株防效超过64%,鲜重防效超过95%;并可最大限度地改善玉米茎、穗部性状,减轻对玉米产量的影响,较人工除草分别减产1.96%和0.29%。可见,背负式静电喷雾器在玉米田土壤处理除草剂和茎叶处理除草剂喷施中具有较大的应用价值。 相似文献
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Leandro Galon Felipe A. De David César T. Forte Francisco W.R. Júnior André L. Radunz Renato Kujawinski Lauri L. Radunz Camile T. Castoldi Gismael F. Perin Altemir J. Mossi 《Weed Biology and Management》2018,18(1):26-40
Corn stands out among the cultivars because of its high importance in food, animal feed and raw materials for energy production. The quantity and quality of the harvested grain can be reduced, mainly due to inadequate weed management. Nowadays, weed control is accomplished with the use of herbicides as pre‐emergence and postemergence, applied alone or in a tank mix. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the control of weeds and phytotoxicity of the herbicides that were applied in tank mix or isolated in the corn hybrids, Formula TL® and SYN 7B28 . Two experiments were conducted: in the 2012/2013 season (Formula TL®) and 2013/2014 season (SYN 7B28). There was a low initial phytotoxicity of all the tested herbicides in the initial evaluation; however, from 14 days after treatment, it was minimal. The weed control of Ipomoea indivisa, Urochloa plantaginea and Euphorbia heterophylla in both experiments was better, in general, when using the tank mixtures of atrazine + simazine + tembotrione and atrazine + simazine + mesotrione, respectively. The application of atrazine + simazine + tembotrione in the SYN 7B28 hybrids provided, with the exception of the thousand‐grain weight, the best expression of grain yield components, combining a low phytotoxicity and best control of the weeds. The Formula TL® hybrid presented the highest mass of a thousand grains and yield with the application of nicosulfuron + tembotrione. The yield average difference of the herbicide treatments and the unweeded control showed an increase of 27.66 and 34.59% in the grain yield of the corn hybrids, Formula TL® and SYN 7B28, respectively. 相似文献
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Effective weed management in maize-wheat (M-W) cropping systems are accountable for higher yield and plant biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual weeding and chemicals (pre- and post-emergence herbicide) for actual weed control to enhance maize yield and M?W system productivity. Herbicides were treated as pre-emergence (sole), post-emergence (sole) and its combined application (pre- and post-emergence) for weed eradication and suppression. Sole pre-emergence herbicide (acetyclour?+?atrazine) and sole post-emergence herbicides (nicosulfuron), and its mixed application were used in the experiments. The experiment was comprised on 6 treatments with one weedy check or control plot: W1?=?weedy check, W2?=?acetyclour?+?atrazine, W3?=?atrazine, W4?=?nicosulfuron, W5?=?nicosulfuron?+?atrazine, W6?=?acetyclour?+?atrazine?+?nicosulfuron and W7?=?manual weeding. Main weeds were Cyperus rotundus, Tribulus terrestris, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cynodon dactylon. Experiential findings revealed that manual weeding was found most effective in terms of controlling weed and suppression. Among the herbicides application, promising results in terms of weed destruction and suppression were shown by combined application of acetyclour?+?atrazine?+?nicosulfuron which effectively controlled weeds as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that manual weeding drastically reduced weeds frequency and biomass while among the herbicides application acetyclour?+?atrazine and nicosulfuron could be promising for weeds suppression and clamp downing as compared to all other treatments under M?W cropping system.
相似文献16.
Michael J. Widderick Kerry L. Bell Luke R. Boucher Steven R. Walker 《Weed Biology and Management》2013,13(3):89-97
Echinochloa colona is the most common grass weed of summer fallows in the grain‐cropping systems of the subtropical region of Australia. Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide for summer grass control in fallows in this region. The world's first population of glyphosate‐resistant E. colona was confirmed in Australia in 2007 and, since then, >70 populations have been confirmed to be resistant in the subtropical region. The efficacy of alternative herbicides on glyphosate‐susceptible populations was evaluated in three field experiments and on both glyphosate‐susceptible and glyphosate‐resistant populations in two pot experiments. The treatments were knockdown and pre‐emergence herbicides that were applied as a single application (alone or in a mixture) or as part of a sequential application to weeds at different growth stages. Glyphosate at 720 g ai ha?1 provided good control of small glyphosate‐susceptible plants (pre‐ to early tillering), but was not always effective on larger susceptible plants. Paraquat was effective and the most reliable when applied at 500 g ai ha?1 on small plants, irrespective of the glyphosate resistance status. The sequential application of glyphosate followed by paraquat provided 96–100% control across all experiments, irrespective of the growth stage, and the addition of metolachlor and metolachlor + atrazine to glyphosate or paraquat significantly reduced subsequent emergence. Herbicide treatments have been identified that provide excellent control of small E. colona plants, irrespective of their glyphosate resistance status. These tactics of knockdown herbicides, sequential applications and pre‐emergence herbicides should be incorporated into an integrated weed management strategy in order to greatly improve E. colona control, reduce seed production by the sprayed survivors and to minimize the risk of the further development of glyphosate resistance. 相似文献
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Summary The effectiveness of crop competition for better weed control and reducing herbicide rates was determined for Avena ludoviciana and Phalaris paradoxa . Four experiments, previously broadcast with seeds of the two weeds in separate plots, were sown with three wheat densities, and emerged weeds were treated with four herbicide doses (0–100% of recommended rate). The measured crop and weed traits were first analysed across experiments for treatment effects. Grain yield and weed seed production data were then analysed using cubic smoothing splines to model the response surfaces. Although herbicide rate for both weeds and crop density for P. paradoxa had significant linear effects on yield, there was a significant non-linearity of the response surface. Similarly, herbicide rate and crop density had significant linear effects on weed seed production, and there was significant non-linearity of the response surface that differed for the weed species. Maximum crop yield and reduction in seed production of P. paradoxa was achieved with approximately 80 wheat plants m−2 and weeds treated with 100% herbicide rate. For A. ludoviciana , this was 130 wheat plants m−2 applied with 75% herbicide rate. Alternatively, these benefits were achieved by increasing crop density to 150 plants m−2 applied with 50% herbicide rate. At high crop density, application of the 100% herbicide rate tended to reduce yield, particularly with the A. ludoviciana herbicide, and this impacted adversely on the suppression of weed seed production. Thus, more competitive wheat crops have the potential for improving weed control and reducing herbicide rates. 相似文献
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Crop variety effects on herbicide performance is not well characterised, particularly for sweet corn, a crop that varies greatly among hybrids in competitive ability with weeds. Field studies were used to determine the effects of crop competitive ability on season‐long herbicide performance in sweet corn. Two sethoxydim‐tolerant sweet corn hybrids were grown in the presence of Panicum miliaceum and plots were treated post‐emergence with a range of sethoxydim doses. Significant differences in height, leaf area index and intercepted light were observed between hybrids near anthesis. Across a range of sub‐lethal herbicide doses, the denser canopy hybrid Rocker suppressed P. miliaceum shoot biomass and fecundity to a greater extent than the hybrid Cahill. Yield of sweet corn improved to the level of the weed‐free control with increasing sethoxydim dose. The indirect effect of herbicide dose on crop yield, mediated through P. miliaceum biomass reduction, was significant for all of the Cahill’s yield traits but not Rocker. These results indicate that a less competitive hybrid requires relatively more weed suppression by the herbicide to not only reduce weed growth and seed production, but also to maintain yield. Sweet corn competitive ability consistently influences season‐long herbicide performance. 相似文献
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Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) control under drought stress with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and glyphosate 
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下载免费PDF全文 Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is a common and troublesome weed in cropping systems throughout the United States. With the potential for future periods of low rainfall or drought, the need for improved weed control under drought stress is necessary. Drought stress typically reduces herbicide efficacy by reducing the foliar uptake of herbicides and their translocation. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and glyphosate, applied alone or when tank‐mixed, on waterhemp under varying levels of drought stress, the effect of the timing of drought stress in relation to herbicide application and the absorption and translocation of each herbicide in drought‐stressed waterhemp. At reduced herbicide rates, 2,4‐D had a greater level of control of waterhemp under drought stress, compared to glyphosate. The level of herbicide efficacy was lower when the amount of water that was applied to the plants was reduced. The level of waterhemp control was greatest when drought stress occurred before the herbicide application and when the plants were watered to saturation after the application, compared to when drought stress occurred after the herbicide application or restricted watering levels occurred throughout the entire study. Glyphosate absorption and translocation were reduced in the drought‐stressed plants, but 2,4‐D absorption and translocation were not altered. The absence of a reduction in 2,4‐D translocation in the drought‐stressed weeds has not been previously reported. Applying herbicides prior to a rainfall event could increase the weed control level, even if the weed is stressed. Determining how and why 2,4‐D absorption and translocation levels, compared to those of glyphosate, are unaffected by drought stress in waterhemp can aid in improving the control of drought‐stressed weeds with other postemergence herbicides. 相似文献
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J. W. LUDWIG 《Weed Research》1973,13(1):1-11
Summary. The effectiveness of pre-emergence applications of 2,4-D for weed control in maize was studied In five experiments, in comparison with other herbicide treatments. 2,4-D-aimne applied before crop emergence gave satisfactory weed control if the subsequent conditions were wet, but post-emerge nee applications only killed some species ( Chenopodium album and Atriplex patula. ) A combination of 2,4-D-amine, applied pre-emergence to a moist soil and subsequently as a foliar spray, controlled completely C. album, A. patula, Stellaria media and Veronica spp. Pre-emergence applications of simazine gave better weed control with less need for rain soon after application. Only A. patula was usually resistant. Pre-emergence treatments of atrazine killed all weeds whilst linuron controlled S. media, A. patula., C. album and Sonchus oleraceus but not Veronica spp.
Irrigation experiments showed that weed competition for water was largely responsible for the depressions in the early growth of maize when the conditions were dry. Final yield largely reflected the degrees of weed control attained by the herbicidal treatments. Only 2,4-D applied pre-emergence, and followed by heavy rain caused a direct depression in yield.
Effects des herbicides sur la productivityé du mals fourrage avec référence particuliére aux applications en pré-levée du 2,4-D amine 相似文献
Irrigation experiments showed that weed competition for water was largely responsible for the depressions in the early growth of maize when the conditions were dry. Final yield largely reflected the degrees of weed control attained by the herbicidal treatments. Only 2,4-D applied pre-emergence, and followed by heavy rain caused a direct depression in yield.
Effects des herbicides sur la productivityé du mals fourrage avec référence particuliére aux applications en pré-levée du 2,4-D amine 相似文献