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1.
一种微生物学方法被用于猪可食性组织中杆菌肽残留量的测定。猪组织中杆菌肽残留采用甲醇提取,正己烷去脂肪,40℃减压旋转蒸干后,用5%磷酸盐缓冲液溶解残渣。采用杯碟法测定杆菌肽残留量。杆菌肽标准工作液在0.05 IU/mL0.8 IU/mL范围内,药物浓度对数与抑菌圈直径的平方线性关系良好(R2>0.99)。猪组织样品添加浓度在0.025 IU/g、0.05 U/g和0.1 IU/g时,其肌肉、肝脏、肾脏及皮脂中的回收率均在80%以上。杆菌肽的测定低限为0.025 U/g(相当于410μg/kg)。本研究建立的猪组织中杆菌肽残留的提取、净化和检测方法,适用于猪可食性组织中杆菌肽残留量的测定。  相似文献   

2.
为监控鸡和猪组织中酰胺醇类药物残留,保障畜禽产品质量安全,建立了同时测定鸡和猪组织中甲砜霉素(TAP)、氟苯尼考(FF)及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺(FFA)残留量的气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)。样品经2%氨化乙酸乙酯溶液提取,PEP-2固相萃取柱净化,N,O-双三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生,气相色谱-质谱法测定,内标法定量。结果显示,甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺在5～5000μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.999。本方法在鸡、猪肌肉、皮+脂(脂肪)、肝脏和肾脏中的检出限均为5μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg,在鸡和猪各空白组织添加10～5000μg/kg浓度水平下,其平均回收率在88.1%～106.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.5%～10.8%之间。结果表明:本方法准确可靠,普遍适用于鸡和猪各组织中TAP、FF、FFA残留量的检测。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究氨苄西林(AMP)在鸡排泄物中残留消除规律,将鸡排泄物用乙腈去蛋白处理,再用饱和的二氯甲烷萃取后,在酸性条件下上清液用水杨醛沸水浴衍生化后,在激发波长354 nm、发射波长445 nm处用高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测。结果显示:该方法测定鸡排泄物中AMP的检测限为1.2μg/kg(S/N≥3)、定量限为3.5μg/kg(S/N≥10)。AMP在鸡排泄物样品中平均回收率为74.96%~80.41%,变异系数均低于9.77%。试验鸡按体重以60.0、120.0 mg/(kg·d)剂量内服AMP,每天给药1次,连续5 d。AMP在投药第1 d时,鸡排泄物中AMP残留量被检测到,投药第5 d时达到峰值。休药后AMP在鸡排泄物中残留量迅速降低。正常剂量组,休药第7 d时,AMP在鸡排泄物中残留量低于检测限。双倍剂量组,在休药第9 d时,鸡排泄物中AMP残留量低于检测限。AMP在鸡排泄物中的残留量与给药剂量呈正相关,鸡排泄物中高含量AMP残留存在较大的环境风险。  相似文献   

4.
为检测猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物喹噁啉-2-羧酸(QCA)和3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQ-CA),建立了同时检测这2种残留标示物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法.将样品碱水解,乙酸乙酯等液-液萃取,65℃氮气吹干,甲醇:0.5%甲酸水溶液(30:70)溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析.结果显示,猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物MQCA和QCA检测限为0.2～0034μg/kg和0.5～0.9μg/kg,定量限为0.5～0.61μg/kg和0.77～1.31μg/kg.相对回收率在90.07%～106.8%范围内,日内变异系数≤13.69%.日间变异系数≤15.43%.MQCA和QCA在2～100μg/kg范围内具有较好的线性关系(r~2>0.99).结果表明,本方法简单、灵敏度高.适用于猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物的定量检测.  相似文献   

5.
肉鸡组织中环丙沙星残留的微生物学检测方法的建立   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以藤黄微球菌为工作菌,用杯碟法测定环丙沙星在鸡组织中的残留。结果表明,环丙沙星在磷酸盐缓冲液、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的最低检测限分别为0.025μg/mL,0.05μg/g和0.075μg/g。标准曲线的工作范围为0.025μg/mL~0.4μg/mL。在肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中分别添加环丙沙星0.100μg/g和0.150μg/g的回收率分别为73.68%±10.01%和76.25%±9.45%。表明该方法灵敏度和回收率高,操作简便,不需特殊设备,样品用量少,易于推广,适用于环丙沙星的定量分析。  相似文献   

6.
通过皮下注射和日粮添加不同剂量二丁酰环腺苷酸 (dbc AMP)进行饲养试验 ,研究其对猪内分泌调控的效果。结果表明 :皮下注射 1 .0 m g/kg和日粮添加 2 0 mg/kg为最佳调控剂量 ,在生长猪阶段 ,血清 T3含量提高了 2 5 .96 %和 2 3.70 %(P<0 .0 5 ) ,T4 含量提高了 1 8.0 7%和 1 8.81 %(P<0 .0 5 ) ,GH含量提高了 2 3.84 %和 2 9.97%(P<0 .0 5 ) ,IGF- 含量提高了 2 1 .2 3%和2 2 .4 1 %(P<0 .0 5 ) ,c AMP浓度提高了 81 .99%和 1 1 0 .88%(P<0 .0 5 )。在肥育猪阶段 ,血清 T3含量提高了 70 .99%和 6 3.92 %(P<0 .0 5 ) ,GH含量提高了 39.37%和 38.34%(P<0 .0 5 ) ,IGF- 含量提高了 2 2 .82 %和 2 6 .38%(P<0 .0 5 ) ,c AMP浓度提高了 1 0 5 .5 9%和 1 0 0 .4 0 %(P<0 .0 5 ) ,T4 含量差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。试验结果证明 ,dbc AMP对猪内分泌有明显调控作用。  相似文献   

7.
建立了猪、鸡组织中左旋咪唑残留检测的高效液相色谱法。组织试样在碱性条件下先用乙酸乙酯提取,然后用0.1 mol/L盐酸反萃取,萃取的样液用混合型阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,采用C18(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.)色谱柱,用高效液相色谱仪(带紫外检测器)在220 nm波长处测定,外标法定量。在此条件下,左旋咪唑的保留时间为12～14 min。左旋咪唑浓度在10～1 000μg/L时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=196.37x+81.599(r=0.999 9)。结果表明,左旋咪唑在在猪、鸡的肌肉、脂肪和肾脏中的检测限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg;在猪、鸡的肝脏中的检测限为2μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg。在添加不同浓度水平测定下,平均回收率在70%～110%,批内变异系数在10%以内,批间变异系数在15%以内。  相似文献   

8.
鸡组织中新霉素药物残留的微生物学检测方法的研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
新霉素（Neomycin）是由链霉菌属弗氏链霉菌（Streptomyces fradiae)经发酵培养产生的一种氨基酸糖甙类抗生素,目前,它作为一种常用兽药和具有发展前景的饲料添药物在畜牧业中广为使用。为了控制新霉素在动物性食品中的残留,保障食品卫生和公共健康,本研究首次在国内对鸡体内新霉素残留的微生物学检测方法进行了研究。本研究选择2倍于样本重量的0．1mol／L磷酸盐缓冲液（PH8．0）为组织提取液,经加热、离心除去蛋白质,用测试菌为表皮葡萄球菌（Stphylococcus eqidermidis)的微生物学杯碟法测定提取液中新霉素的含量。本方法的灵敏度为0．15－0．2μg/mL,检测限为0．5－0．75μg.g^-1组织,回收率为85．3％－93．2％,回收率比FDA的传统 显著提高。  相似文献   

9.
为检测猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物喹噁啉-2-羧酸(QCA)和3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQ-CA),建立了同时检测这2种残留标示物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。将样品碱水解,乙酸乙酯等液-液萃取,65℃氮气吹干,甲醇∶0.5%甲酸水溶液(30∶70)溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。结果显示,猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物MQCA和QCA检测限为0.2~0.34μg/kg和0.5~0.9μg/kg,定量限为0.5~0.61μg/kg和0.77~1.31μg/kg。相对回收率在90.07%~106.8%范围内,日内变异系数≤13.69%,日间变异系数≤15.43%。MQCA和QCA在2~100μg/kg范围内具有较好的线性关系(r20.99)。结果表明,本方法简单、灵敏度高,适用于猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物的定量检测。  相似文献   

10.
叶妮  孙雷 《中国兽药杂志》2016,50(11):49-53
建立了猪和鸡的肌肉、肝脏以及鸡皮+脂组织中泰妙菌素残留标志物(8-α-Hydroxymutilin)残留检测的UPLC-MS/MS方法。样品经酸化丙酮提取,氢氧化钠水解,正己烷除脂,二氯甲烷反萃取后,用C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,基质添加标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:8-α-Hydroxymutilin在20~500μg/kg猪肌肉、鸡肌肉和鸡皮+脂基质添加标准溶液浓度范围、100~2000μg/kg猪肝基质添加标准溶液浓度范围、200~4000μg/kg鸡肝基质添加标准溶液浓度范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数R~2均大于0.990;方法定量限:猪肌肉、鸡肌肉、鸡皮+脂为25μg/kg,猪肝脏为100μg/kg,鸡肝脏为250μg/kg。猪肌肉、鸡肌肉、鸡皮+脂在25~200μg/kg添加浓度范围内、鸡肝脏在250~2000μg/kg添加浓度范围内、猪肝脏在100~1000μg/kg添加浓度范围内,8-α-Hydroxymutilin的回收率范围均为60%~120%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于20%,满足国内外兽药残留相关法规规定。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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