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1.
研究中药白头翁散各组分(白头翁、黄柏、黄连、秦皮)以及其他6种中药对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。用传统水煎法分别提取10种中药的有效成分;采用试管二倍稀释法测定单味中药、两药联合组成药对及自制白头翁散对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)以及最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,白头翁散各组分均可有效抑制大肠杆菌,其中黄连的MIC为6.250 mg/mL,抑菌效果最佳。单味中药中对大肠杆菌杀菌效果较好的是黄连、秦皮、诃子,MBC均为200.000 mg/mL;药对中白头翁+黄连、大青叶+诃子对大肠杆菌的MIC均为3.125 mg/mL,抑菌效果最佳;白头翁+黄连对大肠杆菌的MBC为12.500 mg/mL,杀菌效果最佳。自制白头翁散对大肠杆菌的MIC为3.125 mg/mL、MBC为100.000 mg/mL。结果提示,白头翁散4种单药相加的抗菌效果优于单药和部分药对。  相似文献   

2.
为了评价白头翁散对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,采用试管二倍稀释法测定白头翁散组方中白头翁、秦皮、黄柏、黄连4味中药水提物及其组成的药对对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并筛选出抗菌作用较强的药对精简组方。单药中黄连抑菌效果(MIC为50 mg/mL)和杀菌效果(MBC为50 mg/mL)最强,黄连与秦皮联合组成药对对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果(MIC为12.5 mg/mL)最强,将4味药物联合组成的方剂抑菌效果最佳(MIC为6.25 mg/mL、MBC为100 mg/mL)。由此表明,白头翁散组方中两种药物联合比单药的抑菌效果好,4种药物组成的方剂比2种药物组成的药对抑菌效果好。  相似文献   

3.
检测四味穿心莲散及其组分(穿心莲、辣蓼、大青叶和葫芦茶)对沙门菌的体外抑菌效果。试验选用穿心莲、辣蓼、大青叶、葫芦茶等10种中药,采用试管二倍稀释法测定各中药水提物、两药联合及市售四味穿心莲散和自制四味穿心莲散对沙门菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,四味穿心莲散的4种组分中,大青叶对沙门菌的抑菌活性最强,MIC为12.5 mg/mL;4种组分杀菌活性一致,MBC均为400 mg/mL;在两药联合中,4种联合呈现相加作用或协同作用;市售四味穿心莲散MIC和MBC均为200 mg/mL,自制四味穿心莲散MIC为50 mg/mL,MBC为200 mg/mL。分析结果表明,大青叶抑菌效果最好,杀菌效果与其他3种组分一致;自制四味穿心莲散的抑菌效果更具优势,杀菌效果与市售方剂一致。  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在筛选抑制鸡源禽致病性大肠杆菌（Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC）O78地方流行株的有效中药。采用打孔法测定39味中药及其复方对APEC的抑菌效果,使用二倍稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明：39味中药中有9味中药对APEC有一定的抑菌效果,其中五味子、洛神花和黄柏对APEC高度敏感,MIC依次为31.25、31.25、500 mg/mL,MBC依次为62.5、125、500 mg/mL;蒲公英、红花和石榴皮中度敏感,MIC与MBC均大于或等于500 mg/mL;丹皮、何首乌和荷叶低度敏感;其余中药无抑菌效果。复方中五味子+洛神花配伍药效最好,MIC与MBC分别为31.25 mg/mL与125 mg/mL。说明在39味中药中五味子、黄柏、洛神花和复方五味子+洛神花（1∶1）对APEC有比较好的体外抑菌能力。  相似文献   

5.
研究苏木、黄连、石榴皮等20味中药对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。采用水提法制备20味中药的提取物,通过试管二倍稀释法测定20味中药水提取物对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);再将20味中药组成药对,进行联合抑菌,测定药对的MIC和MBC,计算其部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)。结果表明,20味中药中,黄连、苏木抑菌效果最佳,MIC均为6.250 mg/mL,茯苓、山楂、火麻仁抑菌效果最差,其MIC和MBC均大于400.000 mg/mL。联合抑菌的28组药对中,苏木与石榴皮、石榴皮与黄柏、石榴皮与黄芩、地榆与苏木、地榆与乌梅、地榆与花椒、地榆与黄柏、火麻仁与旋覆花、旋覆花与山楂等9组药对均呈现协同作用,石榴皮与黄连、石榴皮与乌梅均呈现拮抗作用,其他药对呈现相加或无关作用。说明对大肠杆菌抑菌作用强的单味中药与其他中药联合,其抑菌效果未必会增强。  相似文献   

6.
为研究黄连、黄芩、五倍子、黄柏和鱼腥草提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,采用超声波处理,乙醇回流,水浴加热的方法提取5种中药的有效成分,采用二倍稀释法分别测定提取物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(Minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,测定提取物对大肠杆菌的联合抑菌效果。结果显示,鱼腥草和五倍子单独抑菌时的MIC值较其他中药的MIC值低,且鱼腥草与黄芩和五倍子联合用药时MIC值由15.63 mg/m L降到3.91 mg/m L,同时五倍子与黄芩和鱼腥草联合用药时MIC值也由15.63 mg/m L降到3.91 mg/m L。黄芩与黄连、黄柏、五倍子、鱼腥草联合用药时MIC值均降低。结果表明:鱼腥草、黄芩、五倍子对大肠杆菌有较好的抑菌作用,鱼腥草、黄芩、五倍子联用时,抑菌效果为协同或相加作用;黄连与其他4种中药联用时抑菌效果为无关作用;黄柏与黄芩、五倍子及鱼腥草联用时抑菌效果为无关作用。  相似文献   

7.
探讨中药水提取物及其联合对巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌效果。选用黄连、香附、丁香等30味中药,采用水提法提取药液,用试管二倍稀释法测得单药最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并将抑菌效果较好的几味中药作为主药与其他中药进行联合,测定联合后的MIC与MBC。结果表明,单味中药中黄连对巴氏杆菌的抗菌活性最佳,MIC和MBC均为12.5 mg/mL。选取抑菌效果较好的黄连、丁香、香附、蒸陈皮等中药与其他中药联合,结果表明黄连与四制艾叶联合后对巴氏杆菌的抑制效果最好,其MIC和MBC均为3.125 mg/mL。说明黄连与四制艾叶联合的抑菌效果较好,且为协同作用,优于两种单药各自的抑菌活性,可作为抑制巴氏杆菌的药物进行进一步的研究。  相似文献   

8.
八味中药及其复方对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑制试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在筛选出有效中药来抑制大肠杆菌,通过药敏试验中的打孔法测定了八味中药对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,这八味中药对大肠杆菌均表现出了不同程度的抑杀效果,其中五味子、黄连、黄芩三味药具有较强的抑菌能力,金银花、连翘亦具有抑菌效果,但是相比较前三味中药来说效果相对较差。八味中药中选取体外抑菌效果最好的黄连、黄芩、五味子加上金银花组成不同比例组方,依据体外抑菌试验结果来选择组方的最适比例。结果表明,复方Ⅵ的比例效果最佳,其MIC为15. 625 mg/mL、MBC为31. 25 mg/mL。  相似文献   

9.
探讨7味药食同源中药水提取物及其联用对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的体外抑菌效果，并将其应用于抑菌喷雾剂。采用水提法提取药液，用纸片扩散法测得单药最低抑菌浓度（MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（MBC），同时以“棋盘法+中药互配”筛选对上述致病菌具有较强协同抑制作用的药物组合，并确定适宜的药物配伍制备抑菌喷雾剂。结果显示，7味药食同源中药对3种供试病原菌均具有不同程度的抑菌效果，五味子、金银花、牡丹皮、肉桂、白芍和山楂的抑菌作用较强，其对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为12.50～26.50 mm，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）<250.00 mg/mL，最小杀菌浓度（MBC）<500.00 mg/mL；其中，五味子的抑菌作用最显著，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的MIC分别为31.25 mg/mL、15.62 mg/mL、250.00 mg/mL。互配试验结果表明，10种不同的药物组合对3种供试菌的联合抑菌作用各不相同，牡丹皮和肉桂的配伍组合对大肠杆菌以及肉桂和五味子的配伍组合对金黄色葡萄球菌的联合抑菌指数（FICI）均≤0.50，表现为协同作用，其中肉桂和白芍、牡丹皮和白芍的配伍组...  相似文献   

10.
为了探讨白头翁散对不同细菌的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用水提法分别提取白头翁散组方中4味中药白头翁、秦皮、黄柏、黄连的有效成分,通过试管二倍稀释法测定4味中药、自配白头翁散方剂及两种市售白头翁散水提物对7种不同细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,单味中药中黄连对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽胞杆菌、无乳链球菌、副溶血弧菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌均呈现较好的抑菌效果和杀菌效果,MIC为1.563～50.000 mg/mL,MBC为6.25～400.00 mg/mL。自配白头翁散方剂抑菌和杀菌效果更好,MIC为0.781～25.000 mg/mL,市售白头翁散的抑菌效果和杀菌效果均不及自配白头翁散。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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