共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
为了筛选出柑橘轮斑病菌的有效防治药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了29种杀菌剂对分离自重庆的WZ1菌株及分离自陕西的DS3菌株的抑制效果,结果表明,29种药剂中25%咪鲜胺悬浮剂、40%双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂、400g/L氟硅唑乳油、42%双胍.咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂4个药剂对WZ1、DS3菌株的抑制作用较强,EC50<0.1mg/L;7%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、500g/L氟啶胺悬浮剂、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂等16种药剂的EC50<1mg/L,对WZ1、DS3菌株抑制作用强。WZ1菌株和DS3菌株对500g/L氟啶胺悬浮剂、10%抑霉唑水剂、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、500g/L甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂、50%苯菌灵可湿性粉剂的敏感性差异较大,可能存在抗药性差异。其中柑橘轮斑病菌DS3菌株β-tubulin基因第200位氨基酸由苯丙氨酸突变为酪氨酸可能导致该菌株对甲基硫菌灵和苯菌灵等苯并咪唑类药剂产生抗药性。本研究为柑橘轮斑病的田间防治提供了药剂选择,为柑橘轮斑病抗性菌株的快速分子检测方法提供参考。 相似文献
2.
为明确不同类型杀菌剂对贵州4个地区蓝莓灰霉病的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法进行5种杀菌剂的室内毒力测定。发现不同类型杀菌剂对蓝莓灰霉病菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制,腐霉利EC50值范围为0.56-31.21mg?L-1,嘧菌酯EC50值范围为0.81-75.57mg?L-1,丁子香酚EC50值范围为1.08-2.17mg?L-1,氟硅唑的EC50值范围为1.46-4.47mg?L-1,多菌灵的EC50值范围为1.65-298.42mg?L-1。为增强杀菌剂效果、延长使用时间,应根据地区病原抗性、杀菌剂持效期及作用类型科学确定药剂间的合理轮用或混用。 相似文献
3.
摘要：戊唑醇是防治香蕉叶斑病常见的药剂，为评价香蕉叶斑病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性及抗药性风险，本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了来自广东、广西、海南、云南、福建5省168株香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性，并对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌抗戊唑醇突变体生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，168株香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌对戊唑醇仍然敏感，平均EC50值为（4.5173±1.2706）mg/L，菌株频率呈连续单峰分布，未出现敏感性下降的群体，因此将该EC50值作为香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性基线，根据FAO抗性分级标准，未发现抗性菌株。通过药剂逐代诱导获得6株抗性菌株，抗性倍数介于5.64～10.13之间，菌丝生长速度、菌丝干重均低于亲本菌株，仅有1株抗性菌株抗性可以稳定遗传。紫外线诱导共获得8株抗性菌株，抗性倍数介于5.88～15.60之间，菌丝生长速度、菌丝干重均低于亲本菌株，仅有3株菌株抗性可以稳定性遗传。香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌对戊唑醇仍然敏感，抗药性风险低，生产上可继续使用戊唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病。 相似文献
4.
本研究按照柯赫氏法则对翠冠梨果实采后病害进行了病原物的分离、纯化、致病性测定,采用形态学观察、分子生物学方法鉴定,结果表明：翠冠梨果实采后3种主要致病菌分别为链格孢菌(Alternaria gaisen)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)。基于此,采用生长速率法测定不同杀菌剂对A.gaisen和T.roseum菌丝生长的抑制作用,采用牛津杯法测定不同杀菌剂对P.expansum的毒力大小,结果表明,95%己唑醇对A.gaisen毒力最强,EC50为0.519 μg/m；95%戊唑醇对T.roseum抑制效果最好,EC50为2.351 μg/mL；对P.expansum抑制效果较好的为25%吡唑醚菌酯,EC50为74.817 μg/mL。 相似文献
5.
据《河北果树》2018年第6期《苹果轮纹病菌拮抗细菌J4的作用机理研究》(作者侯晓杰等)报道,采用对峙培养法研究了内生细菌J4对苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,用Excel软件对数据进行处理作图以及SPSS16.0软件进行方差分析。结果表明,不同浓度的J4发酵上清液对苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果不同。浓度为1、5μL/mL发酵上清液对菌丝生长有促进作用,而浓度25、50、100μL/mL的发酵上清液对菌丝生长有抑制作用,且浓度为100μL/mL的抑菌效果显著。 相似文献
6.
为研究芒果炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性,从国内及泰国、美国夏威夷等芒果产区采集病样分离、纯化菌株,采用生长速率法测定其对多菌灵的敏感性。结果表明,分离获得的129株菌株对多菌灵的EC50值为0.02～111.66 μg/mL,平均值为6.2984 μg/mL,最大EC50值是最小EC50值的5583倍,抗性菌株23株、占17.83%。不同地区和采集部位的芒果炭疽病菌菌株对多菌灵的敏感性不同,来自泰国的菌株EC50平均值最高、广东的次之,分离自叶片的菌株EC50值变化幅度最大。说明芒果炭疽病菌对多菌灵已产生一定程度的抗药性,应高度重视芒果炭疽病菌的抗药性问题。 相似文献
7.
为研究芒果可可球二孢枝枯病菌对甲基硫菌灵的敏感性,以期为该病的综合防治提供参考。本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了来自中国芒果主产区海南、广东、广西、云南、 四川、贵州、福建和台湾 8 省份的 104株芒果枝枯病菌对甲基硫菌灵的敏感性。结果表明：芒果枝枯病菌株对甲基硫菌灵的EC50范围为0.0056～1.2852μg/mL,平均值为(0.3923±0.2267) μg/mL,最大EC50值是最小EC50值的229.5倍。菌株对甲基硫菌灵的敏感性频率分布近似呈单峰曲线,平均EC50值可作为菌株对甲基硫菌灵的敏感性基线。根据抗性分级标准,104株菌株中,均未出现抗性菌株。芒果可可球二孢枝枯病菌对甲基硫菌灵具有较高的敏感性,生产上仍具有较高的使用价值,但不同菌株的敏感性之间具有一定差异性,存在潜在抗性风险。 相似文献
8.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪血浆中多西环素的浓度,探讨了猪内服和静脉给予多西环素水溶液后的药代动力学特征。结果表明：猪单次内服10 mg.kg-1体重多西环素饮水剂型水溶液后,MRTlast为12.82±3.34 h,T1/2为11.65±4.80 h,Tmax为4.13±1.89 h,Cmax为0.87±0.48 μg.mL-1,AUClast为11.07±4.19μg.h.mL-1。猪静注10 mg.kg-1体重多西环素水溶液后,AUClast为33.34±8.03μg.h.mL-1,T1/2为5.68±1.32 h,MRTlast为7.98±0.56 h。多西环素饮水剂水溶液的绝对生物利用度为33.2%。猪内服多西环素饮水剂后,具有体内吸收速度较快,达峰时间短,消除较慢,血中平均滞留时间较长等特点。 相似文献
9.
为了测定不同化学杀菌剂对香蕉灰纹病的毒力,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种杀菌剂对3株香蕉灰纹病菌的抑制效果。结果表明,80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂（WP）和12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂（SC）毒力最强,平均EC50值均小于1 mg/L;25%丙环唑乳油（EC）、37%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂（WG）、20%戊唑醇乳油（EC）和50%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂（SC）次之,平均EC50值在1～3 mg/L之间;80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂（WP）和24%腈苯唑悬浮剂（SC）毒力一般,平均EC50值在9～20 mg/L之间;40%百菌清悬浮剂（SC）毒力最弱,平均EC50值为46.572 4 mg/L。80%多菌灵WP、12.5%氟环唑SC、25%丙环唑EC、37%苯醚甲环唑WG、20%戊唑醇EC和50%甲基硫菌灵SC可有效抑制香蕉灰纹病菌菌丝生长,可进一步用于田间试验。 相似文献
10.
为研究牛蒡子粉在仔猪体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在仔猪体内的吸收、分布、转化和排泄规律,为新兽药的研发和临床用药提供理论参考依据。选取健康仔猪8头(30.0±5.0kg),以1.0g/kg.bw的牛蒡子粉灌胃给药,不同时间点前腔静脉采血,采用HPLC法对猪血浆中牛蒡苷元的浓度进行分析。牛蒡子粉灌胃给药后,符合有吸收二室模型,主要药物动力学参数为：吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为0.274±0.102 h,分布半衰期(t1/2α)1.435±0.725h;消除半衰期(t1/2β)63.467±29.115 h;表观分布容积(Vd)1.680±0.402 L/kg;清除率(CLb)0.076±0.028L/(h.kg);达峰时间(tmax)为0.853±0.211 h,峰浓度(cmax)为0.430±0.035μg /mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)14.672±4.813μg.h/mL。试验表明：牛蒡子粉口灌后在仔猪体内吸收迅速、分布广泛、代谢消除缓慢,能够较长时间发挥药理作用。 相似文献
11.
本试验采用不同浓度水杨酸（Salicylicacid，SA）、2，4-表油菜素内酯（2，4-Epibrassinolide，EBR）、L-精氨酸（L-Arginine，L-Arg）、亚精胺（Spermidine，Spd）和山梨醇（Sorbital，Sor）处理猕猴桃果实，24 h后接种浓度为1×106 conidia·mL-1的葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）孢子悬浮液，5 d后测定病斑大小，研究上述外源物质诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后葡萄座腔菌的效应。结果表明：SA、EBR、L-Arg、Spd和Sor的最佳诱导浓度依次为0.01 mmol·L-1、0.005 mmol·L-1、1 mmol·L-1、1 mmol·L-1和0.1 mmol·L-1，其病斑直径显著小于对照，诱导效果分别为18.06%、18.37%、21.05%、17.83%和16.91%。 相似文献
12.
为探明不同杀菌剂对蓝莓煤污病菌的室内抑菌活性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定6种杀菌剂对3种蓝莓煤污病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,煤污病菌对不同杀菌剂的敏感性差异较大,其中供试药剂氟菌.戊唑醇、多抗霉素、异菌脲对3种病原菌抑制作用较强,EC50值介于0.2409~3.1832 mg/L。 相似文献
13.
Sensitivity of FCV to recombinant feline interferon (rFeIFN) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Feline calicivirus cause feline respiratory diseases, and inactivated and attenuated vaccines are available for its prevention.
Moreover, the presence of vaccine breakdown strains (VBS) is problematic. In Japan, feline recombinant interferon (rFeIFN)
has been used for its treatment. However the method of compare with each strains has not established. To examine the relationship
between the breakdown vaccine strain and rFeIFN sensitivity, the sensitivity of 47 field isolates to rFeIFN was determined.
The Log PDD50 values were normally distributed within the range 1.1–3.7, with a mean value of 2.3 ± 0.64. Since 68.3% of the PDD values
fell in the range of the mean ± standard deviation, the values in the range 1.7–2.9, the lower values, and the higher values
were defined as representing moderate, low, and high sensitivity, respectively. Among the 15 vaccine breakdown strains, strain
Fukuoka9 showed a low sensitivity, but strains ML89, T58, and N74 were highly sensitive, showing no association with vaccine
breakdown. The amino acid sequence changes specific to the low rFeIFN-sensitive Fukuoka-9 strain were found, suggesting that
these sites are involved in rFeIFN sensitivity. 相似文献
14.
洼地绵羊FecB基因多态性与其产羔数关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了从分子水平上研究洼地绵羊的多羔机制,本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法分析洼地绵羊中FecB基因多态性及其与产羔数的关系。结果表明,洼地绵羊中存在与Booroola羊相同的FecB基因突变,有B/B、B/+、+/+ 3种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.29、0.56和0.15;且4乳头个体FecB基因频率高于2乳头个体;3种基因型的平均产羔数分别为2.81±0.42、2.49±0.53和1.96±0.28只。经统计分析,B/B与B/+基因型洼地绵羊的产羔数显著高于+/+基因型(P＜0.05),B/B与B/+基因型之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),而+/+基因型个体也存在多羔现象。结果提示,FecB基因可能是洼地绵羊多羔性能主效基因之一,但洼地绵羊可能还存在其它影响多羔性能的基因。 相似文献
15.
Shaukat Ali Bhatti Kamran Nazir Muhammad Jamil Basra Muhammad Sajjad Khan Muhammad Sarwar Muhammad Ashraf Iqbal Mughal 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):923-930
The objective of present study was to evaluate the growth potential of Sahiwal calves for veal production on whole milk or whole milk and milk replacer combined in a ratio of 50:50 (MMR). For this purpose, 48 Sahiwal calves (both male and female) were assigned to four dietary treatments having 12 animals/treatment. Calves in the treatments A and B were offered whole milk at 15 or 20 % of their body weight (BW), respectively, up to day 84 adjusted on weekly basis. The calves in treatments C and D received the same amount of milk as in treatments A and B until day 21, respectively, after which 50 % of the milk offered was replaced with a blend of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) flour and vegetable (corn) oil mixed in water (MR) until day 84. The constituted MR had 3.1, 2.8, and 14.3 %, CP, EE, and DM, respectively. The growth and intake data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis, with MIXED Procedures of SAS in a 2?×?2 factorial design. The two factors were feeding level and feeding source. Calves offered whole milk grew faster (P?<?0.05) and had greater weaning weights (P?<?0.05) than those offered MMR (606.4?±?18.1 vs 331.3?±?18.1 g/day and 70.4?±?1.5 vs 47.8?±?1.5 kg, respectively). Greatest daily BW gain (656?±?26 g/day) and weaning weight (74.6?±?2.1 kg) were observed in calves given treatment B while the lowest production cost/kg of BW gain (≈US$3.6?±?0.2) was observed in calves given treatment A. The daily BW gain of calves fed milk ad libitum was 716?±?40 and 836?±?40 g/day, during 5–8 and 9–12 weeks, respectively. The number of days calves exhibited scours was higher in calves offered MMR than those offered whole milk. Replacement of 50 % milk with a blend of chickpea flour and vegetable oil, as an alternative to milk replacer, did not support growth equivalent to whole milk and was not effective in reducing feeding cost during the weaning period. Sahiwal calves may have promise for being raised for veal production under tropical environments. 相似文献
16.
LS Barter JE Ilkiw EP Steffey BH Pypendop A Imai JA Bolich 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):105-105
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an inhalant is an indicator of its anesthetic potency. Individuals vary in their sensitivity to anesthetic agents as demonstrated by different individual MAC values. We hypothesized that individual animal sensitivity would be maintained with different inhalant anesthetics. As part of separate studies, six female DSH cats, aged 24 ± 2.5 (mean ± SD) months and weighing 3.5 ± 0.3 kg, were studied similarly on three separate occasions over a 12‐month period to determine the MAC of isoflurane (ISO), sevoflurane (SEVO), and desflurane (DES), respectively. In each study, chamber induction was followed by orotracheal intubation, and anesthesia was maintained via a nonrebreathing circuit. ECG, pulse oximetry, Doppler systolic blood pressure, end‐tidal gases, and esophageal temperature were monitored. End‐tidal gases were hand‐sampled from a catheter whose tip lay level with the distal end of the ET tube. Gases were analyzed by Raman spectrometry and, for each agent, the analyzer was calibrated with at least three gas standards. MAC was determined in triplicate using standard tail‐clamp technique. Data were analyzed by two‐way anova followed by Tukey's test and significant differences were found. Average MACs (%) for ISO, SEVO, and DES were 1.90 ± 0.18, 3.41 ± 0.65, and 10.27 ± 1.06, respectively. Body temperatures, Doppler systolic blood pressure, and SpO2 were recorded at the time of MAC determinations for ISO, SEVO, and DES were 38.3 ± 0.3, 38.6 ± 0.1, 38.3 ± 0.35 °C; 71 ± 8, 75 ± 16, 88 ± 12 mm Hg; 99 ± 1, 99 ± 1, 99 ± 1%, respectively. Both the anesthetic agent and the individual cat had significant effects on MAC (p = 0.0001 and 0.0185, respectively). MAC varied between individuals and cats were consistent in their order of sensitivity to inhalant anesthetics across the three agents. Within this group of cats, the relationship of individual MAC to the group MAC for each of the three inhalant agents was maintained. This suggests that any individual may be consistently more or less sensitive to a variety of inhalant agents. 相似文献
17.
防治糜子丝黑穗病的杀菌剂筛选及田间防治效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选防治糜子丝黑穗病的高效药剂,采用琼脂平板孢子萌芽法测定了6种杀菌剂对糜子丝黑穗病菌的室内毒力,并通过两年田间小区试验评价了杀菌剂对糜子丝黑穗病的药效及糜子植株生长的影响。室内毒力测定结果表明,戊唑醇对丝黑穗病菌的毒力最强,EC50值为0.1127 μg/mL,其次为烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵,EC50值分别为1.0634,6.1775,12.4969和54.4021 μg/mL,福美双的毒力最弱,EC50值为1169.6448 μg/mL。药剂处理与对照相比,发芽率均有显著降低,随浓度的增高,种子活力下降,其中烯唑醇对种子萌发抑制作用最大,发芽率和发芽势均最小。田间药效试验结果与室内毒力测定结果一致,戊唑醇防效最好,其次为烯唑醇、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵,苯醚甲环唑仅在浓度高时防效较好,福美双防治效果最差。植株生长影响评价结果表明,多菌灵显著降低主茎倒二叶面积、主茎倒三叶面积、叶干重和分蘖数。与对照相比,各药剂处理下的单株粒重均有不同程度的减少,但产量均增加,其中戊唑醇处理下的产量两年均最高,而福美双在2014年没有显著增产效果。因此,在6种供试药剂中,戊唑醇能以最低浓度获得最好的防治效果,可在实际生产中推广利用。 相似文献
18.
为进一步研究不同肉羊品种与湖羊杂交F1代羔羊育肥效果,本试验选择国外优良的肉羊品种杜泊羊、无角陶赛特羊和萨福克羊作父本,国内优良地方品种湖羊作母本开展杂交试验研究,所获得的杂交F1代羔羊在全舍饲条件下进行育肥。测定杂交F1代羔羊初生重、不同月龄体重和平均日增重等生长性能。结果表明：试验A组（杜泊公羊与湖羊母羊杂交F1羔羊）、试验B组（无角陶赛特公羊与湖羊母羊杂交F1羔羊）、试验C组（萨福克公羊与湖羊母羊杂交F1羔羊）6月龄平均重分别为44.76±3.62 g、 43.65±4.18 g、43.28±3.34 g,均极显著高于对照组D 6月龄平均重36.32±3.86 g,差异极显著(P＜0.01)。试验A组、B组、C组与对照组D相比较,试验A组、B组、C组每只羊的利润较对照组分别多收入80.02元、69.74、42.74元,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,其中试验A组的生长性能和利润均优于试验B组和C组,差异显著(P＜0.05)。 相似文献
19.
D. M. Xiong C. X. Xie H. J. Zhang H. P. Liu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(1):56-64
This study attempted to determine the presence, distribution and levels of digestive proteases, pepsin, amylase and lipase in the homogenates of digestive tract of a freshwater, cold‐adapted, carnivorous teleost of Tibet, Glyptosternum maculatum (n = 10, mean weight: 129.6 ± 28.9 g, mean length: 195.1 ± 16.6 mm, approximately 6 years old), at different temperatures and pH levels. The descending order of protease activity was as follows: stomach (pepsin, 16.16 ± 0.96 U/mg protein), anterior intestine (3.18 ± 0.25 U/mg protein), posterior intestine (1.76 ± 0.21 U/mg protein) and middle intestine (1.52 ± 0.23 U/mg protein). Amylase activity levels in descending order were as follows: anterior intestine (0.0062 ± 0.0007 U/mg protein), stomach (0.0032 ± 0.0009 U/mg protein), middle intestine (0.0023 ± 0.0005 U/mg protein) and posterior intestine (0.0023 ± 0.0004 U/mg protein). The highest lipase activity was found in the anterior intestine (0.83 ± 0.25 U/mg protein), followed by posterior intestine (0.51 ± 0.19 U/mg protein), middle intestine (0.48 ± 0.09 U/mg protein) and stomach (0.39 ± 0.10 U/mg protein). The optimal temperature and pH level for protease were 50 °C and 9.0–10.0, respectively, along the intestine. The pepsin optima in the stomach were 30 °C and 2.0 respectively. The optimal temperature for amylase was found to be 30 °C along the digestive tract and the optimal pH was 7.0 in the intestine and 6.0 in the stomach. The optimal temperature and pH levels of lipase were 30 °C, pH 6.0 for the stomach and 40–50 °C, pH 8.0 for the intestine, respectively. Hepato‐somatic index was 1.35 ± 0.2% and relative intestine length was 0.90 ± 0.19. The weight ratio of the stomach and intestine to body weight was 1.63 ± 0.43% and 1.57 ± 0.24% respectively. 相似文献
20.
Briganti A Portela DA Barsotti G Romano M Breghi G 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(5):488-494
Objective To evaluate the endotracheal tube cuff pressure achieved by four different inflation methods. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals Eighty client owned dogs. Methods After anaesthesia induction, endotracheal intubation was performed using plastic or silicone tubes. A clinician unaware of tube type inflated the cuff by simple digital palpation (method A), thereafter the cuff was deflated and inflated again by a second clinician who tried to reproduce a previously learned cuff pressure of between 19 and 24 mmHg (method B). During method C the cuff was inflated to the minimum occlusive volume at an airway pressure of 20 cm H2O, and in method D the cuff was incrementally deflated until an audible air leak could be heard from the oral cavity at an airway pressure of 25 cm H2O. For all the methods, an operator recorded the actual cuff pressure obtained using a manometer. Heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure were monitored throughout the procedure. Results The mean inflation pressure for plastic tubes was 56 ± 28 mmHg for method A, 20 ± 9 mmHg for method B, 35 ± 32 mmHg for method C and 46 ± 39 mmHg for method D. Pressures using silicone tubes were significantly higher than for plastic tubes, the mean registered pressures being 79 ± 39, 33 ± 16, 77 ± 50 and 92 ± 56 mmHg for methods A, B, C and D. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance None of the methods evaluated in this study can be considered effective for inflating the endotracheal tube cuff to within the optimal range when using silicone tubes. Direct measurement of the cuff pressure with a manometer is therefore recommended. 相似文献