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对 1 6例 (雄 1 0 ,雌 6 )高原鼠兔 (Ochotonacurzoni ae)的消化管进行了观察描述 :高原鼠兔的舌上有丝状、菌状、轮廓和叶状乳头 ;齿式为 2 2 0 321 0 2 3;单室胃 ,容积 3 2～8 0mL ;小肠平均长度为 970 1 7 88 0 8mm ,为体长的 7 31±0 2 8倍 ;大肠平均长度为 5 5 8 39± 6 6 39mm ,为体长的 4 2 1± 0 36倍 ;小肠与大肠总长度为 1 5 2 8 95± 1 4 7 78mm ,为体长 (1 32 78mm )的 1 1 5 2± 0 5 9倍 ;盲肠为 2 0 4 34±2 6 98mm ,为体长的 1 5 4倍。回盲口有盲小管 ,盲肠螺旋褶上有长丝状乳头 ,盲结口有盲结口瓣 ,盲结口下接结肠网状部。 相似文献
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作者在埃及肥尾羊胎儿皮肤的5个部位上进行组织学和组织化学的研究。在头尾长度5-<10cm(30天的胎儿)时,在表面部位表皮结构是由多层扁平皮细胞组成。真皮由高度锥管状结缔组织纤维构成。当头尾长度为20～30cm(75日龄胎儿)时,非角化扁平上皮开始出现,真皮分成不同的二层(外乳头层,内网状细胞层)。毛囊栓初次出现,并且顶浆分泌汗腺形成于皮脂腺之前。当头尾长度30-<40cm(90日龄胎儿)时,出现了羊毛纤维,初级毛囊已 相似文献
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B超法诊断犬妊娠日龄的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
妊娠诊断技术对母犬配种后的饲养管理有重要意义。尽早分离空怀母犬有利于降低饲养成本。根据妊娠日龄合理增加营养能保证胚胎正常发育,有效提高仔犬初生重,避免因饲养不当引起的胚胎死亡。通过研究妊娠期间孕囊直径、头直径、眼球直径、脊椎长度4项参数在不同时期的变化规律,并确定线性分布好、测量误差小的参数作为日龄诊断依据并做线性回归分析。结果表明,孕囊直径可作为20～40d的妊娠日龄诊断依据,胎儿脊椎长度可作为40～60d的妊娠日龄诊断依据。 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2017,(6)
[目的]为了探索不同的断奶日龄对犊牛生长发育的影响,并确定符合甘肃省中部干旱地区生态条件下、饲养管理水平的犊牛早期断奶最佳时期。促进犊牛早期生长发育和使母牛尽快恢复体况,进入下一个繁殖期。[方法]选择南德温(♂)×秦川牛(♀)杂交新生犊牛40头,按体重和出生时间基本相近的原则随机分为4组,其中:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别60日龄、90日龄、120日断奶,对照组按照传统180日龄断奶,在相同的饲养管理条件下,观察期90日龄、120日龄、180日龄、360日龄犊牛生长发育。[结果]表明:90日龄断奶有利于犊牛早期的生长发育,其360日龄体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、平均日增重比60日龄断奶犊牛提高64.6kg(P0.01)、29.5cm(P0.01)、24.5cm(P0.01)、17.8cm(P0.01)、0.42kg(P0.01);比120日龄断奶分别提高62.0kg(P0.01)、19.5cm(P0.01)、14.5cm(P0.01)、18.0cm(P0.01)、0.23kg(P0.05);比传统180日龄断奶分别提高24.5kg(P0.05)、9.5cm(P0.05)、9.0cm(P0.05)、11.5cm(P0.05)、0.28kg(P0.05)。[结论]农户舍饲饲养的南德温与秦川杂交犊牛,最佳适宜断奶时间为90日龄。90日龄断奶与当地群众饲养管理水平相符合,又比传统6月龄断奶提前90d。犊牛早期断奶技术是一项实用技术,值得在养殖户中大力推广的应用。 相似文献
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《水禽世界》2021,(3)
随机将660只1日龄大午金凤蛋雏鸡分为试验组和对照组两个处理,每个处理6个重复,分析研究饲养密度对大午金凤蛋雏鸡的生长性能、体尺发育和器官指数、肠道相对长度的直接作用影响,以获得0～8周龄大午金凤育雏期适宜的饲养密度。试验分为两阶段(1～28日龄和29～56日龄)。试验组1～28、29～56日龄饲养密度分别为133、214 cm2/只,对照组对应饲养密度均为300 cm2/只。结果表明:(1)试验组在0～28日龄阶段的平均日采食量、28日龄体重、平均日增重极显著低于对照组(P0.01);在29～56日龄,试验组的平均日采食量、56日龄体重、平均日增重与对照组无显著性的变化差异(P0.05),而试验组的料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05);(2)试验组28日龄胫长、龙骨长、胸宽显著低于对照组(P0.05),56日龄则差异不显著;(3)在56日龄试验结果后,试验组和对照组之间的脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均没有明显的数据统计差异,试验组和对照组之间的十二指肠相对长度、空肠相对长度、回肠相对长度均无显著性的变化差异(P0.05)。综合大午金凤蛋雏鸡的体重、平均日采食量、料重比以及胫长、龙骨长、胸宽和免疫器官指数、肠道相对长度等指标的分析结果,在笼养条件下,推荐0～28日龄阶段大午金凤的饲养密度为133 cm2/只左右,29～56日龄阶段的饲养密度为214 cm2/只左右为宜。 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2016,(6)
[目的]为确定干旱地区犊牛早期断奶最佳时期。[方法]选择南德温(♂)×秦川牛(♀)杂交新生犊牛40头,按体重和出生时间基本相近的原则分为4组,其中:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别60日龄、90日龄、120日断奶,对照组按照传统180日龄断奶,在相同的饲养管理条件下,观察期90日龄、120日龄、180日龄、360日龄犊牛生长发育。[结果]表明:90日龄断奶有利于犊牛早期的生长发育,其360日龄体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、平均日增重比60日龄断奶犊牛提高64.6kg(P0.01)、29.5cm(P0.01)、24.5cm(P0.01)、17.8cm(P0.01)、0.42kg(P0.01);比120日龄断奶分别提高62.0kg(P0.01)、19.5cm(P0.01)、14.5cm(P0.01)、18.0cm(P0.01)、0.23kg(P0.05);比传统180日龄断奶分别提高24.5kg(P0.05)、9.5cm(P0.05)、9.0cm(P0.05)、11.5cm(P0.05)、0.28kg(P0.05)。[结论]犊牛90日龄断奶与当地群众饲养管理水平相符合,又比传统6月龄断奶提前90d。 相似文献
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对广东地区矮脚黄鸡、新兴黄鸡两个品种280日龄产蛋量(X1)、300日龄产蛋量(X2)、28～40周龄产蛋量(X3)、36～40周龄产蛋量(X4)及400日龄产蛋量(Y)等5项指标进行了分析.试验结果表明:①矮脚黄鸡与新兴黄鸡在主要产蛋性能指标上差异不显著;②400日龄产蛋量与300日龄产蛋量、28～40周龄产蛋量相关性较强;③矮脚黄鸡、新兴黄鸡从开产到达产蛋高峰的时间短,产蛋高峰持续时间长,且下降缓慢;④对400日龄产蛋量进行逐步回归,变量引入依次为X3、X2、X4,其中X4对Y值的影响差异不显著.矮脚黄鸡、新兴黄鸡400日龄产蛋量早期选择最佳指标为300日龄产蛋量和28～40周龄产蛋量,且其产蛋利用期可适当延长至8～9个月. 相似文献
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用波尔山羊与当地白山羊、黑山羊进行杂交改良 ,结果表明 ,波白、波黑的产羔率分别为183%和 14 8% ,0～ 90日龄平均日增重分别为 15 1 4 7g和 16 3 5 6 g ,比当地羊提高 6 5 6 5 %和98 6 4% ;90～ 180日龄平均日增重分别为 15 7 13g和 10 8 78g ,比当地羊提高 4 9 0 9%和16 5 32 %。 相似文献
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Nejedli S Kozariá Z Kantura VG Petrinec Z Zobundzija M Sarusiá G Susiá V 《Veterinary research communications》2006,30(5):523-529
The body length and diameter of muscle fibres from the right hypaxial tail myomeres were measured in 100 sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) at ages of 40 to 90 days, from a fish farm in Croatia. The larvae were kept at a temperature of 19-20 degrees C and fed with standard feed for their respective ages. Body lengths of larvae 40-90 days old varied from 8 to 42 mm, increasing significantly in 10-day intervals (p < 0.001), except between days 50 and 60 when there was no increase in the body length. The measured diameters of muscle fibres ranged from 10 to 80 microm, the mean value increasing except between days 50 and 60. The fibre diameter in larvae aged up to 60 days was 10-40 microm, while that in larvae older than 70 days was 51-80 microm. In 90-day-old larvae there were no fibres of 10-20 microm in diameter; however, the number of fibers of 61-80 microm diameter increased. A statistically significant concordance was determined between the body length and fibre diameter of larvae 70 to 90 days old. Between days 50 and 60, arrested growth of the larval body and corresponding decrease in fibre diameter was observed. From day 45 until days 59, larvae were fed with Artemia nauplii and microparticles of formulated diets. From the day 60, minced fish was added to formulated diets. This change in diet probably resulted in the observed growth arrest. 相似文献
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Larval counts were made on mice 2 days after oral inoculation with X-ray (0-320 Krad) or of gamma ray (0-6 Mrad) irradiated eggs containing second-stage Toxocara canis larvae. The majority of the larvae irradiated with 0-40 Krad were recovered from the liver and lungs, while most of the larvae irradiated with 80 or 160 Krad remained in the digestive tract, mainly in the stomach and the proximal half of the small intestine. Only a small number of the 320 Krad irradiated larvae was recovered from the mice. No significant difference was observed in the viability of irradiated larvae incubated in vitro up to 13 days after irradiation. However, a substantial percentage of the 160 and 320 Krad-irradiated larvae hatched during that period. Very few larvae were recovered from the digestive tract of mice inoculated with eggs irradiated with 0.5 Mrad, and only one and four larvae were recovered from the liver and lungs of a mouse. No visceral larval migration was observed in mice inoculated with 1 Mrad-irradiated eggs. The minimum lethal radiation dose for second-stage T. canis larvae in eggs is proposed to be 1 Mrad. 相似文献
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K Holovská V Lenártová J Koppel I Havassy P Javorsky E Rybosová 《Veterinární medicína》1991,36(10):625-632
Developmental dynamics was investigated in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, E.C. 1.4.1.2.-4) and glutamine synthetase (GS, E.C. 6.3.1.2) in different parts of the digestive tract of lambs, in dependence on the age from 10 to 90 days; the goal of these investigations was to elucidate in greater detail the role of the above enzymes in nitrogen metabolism. The activity of GDH, and of the coenzymes NADH and NADPH, was followed in the digesta because simple organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants) have two glutamate dehydrogenases: they differ from each other by coenzyme specificity, unlike GDH from animal sources which can utilize both NADH coenzyme and NADPH coenzyme (Fahien et al., 1965; Frieden, 1964). The following activities of GDH and GS were found out in trials with lambs at the age of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 90 days, as to the different parts of digestive tract: in the tissues of rumen, omasum, reticulum, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, int. caecum and colon the activity of GDH (NADH) varied from 0.031 to 0.305 nkat/mg dry matter, in the digesta from 0 to 2.92 nkat/mg dry matter. An investigation of GDH (NADH, NADPH) dynamics in the digesta of lambs showed the relatively high activity of GDH (NADH) in the digesta of colon at the age of 10 days and that of GDH (NADPH) in the digesta of int. caecum. The activity of GDH (NADH) was also found to be high in the digesta of int. caecum at the age of 20 days. In that period the activity of GDH (NADH, NADPH) in the digesta of rumen, omasum and reticulum was zero.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯凝胶电泳对不同日龄的意大利蜜蜂（Apis melifera ligustica）的消化道酶进行谱带分析，不同日龄意大利蜜蜂消化道酶带分布和对糖转化酶的活性有差异。7-18日龄意大利蜜蜂糖转化酶活性最高，而1-3日龄最低。相同日龄意大利蜜蜂消化道不同部位糖转化酶活性大小依次为中肠、前肠、后肠。 相似文献
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利用兔抗鸡消化道上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌受体蛋白血清,以琼脂扩散试验、不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对1～40日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄鸡嗉囊与小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分,D450nm值分别为0.236和0.176,4～5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.231和0.166。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.181和0.164;小肠,0.180和0.161。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of potassium bromide (KBr) in horses after a single and multiple oral doses. ANIMALS: Twelve adult Standardbred and Thoroughbred mares. PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly assigned into two treatment groups. In Part 1 of the study, horses were given a single oral dose of 120 mg/kg KBr. Part 2 of the study evaluated a loading dose of 120 mg/kg KBr daily by stomach tube for 5 days, followed by 40 mg/kg daily in feed for 7 days. Serum concentrations of bromide were determined by colorimetric spectrophotometry following drug administration to permit determination of concentration versus time curves from which pharmacokinetic parameters could be calculated. Treated horses were monitored twice daily by clinical examination. Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions and partial pressures of venous blood gases were determined. RESULTS: Maximum mean serum bromide concentration following a single dose of KBr (120 mg/kg) was 284 +/- 15 microg/mL and the mean elimination half-life was 75 +/- 14 h. Repeated administration of a loading dose of KBr (120 mg/kg once daily for 5 days) gave a maximum serum bromide concentration of 1098 +/- 105 microg/mL. The administration of lower, maintenance doses of KBr (40 mg/kg once daily) was associated with decreased serum bromide concentrations, which plateaued at approximately 700 microg/mL. Administration of KBr was associated with significant but transient changes in serum potassium and sodium concentrations, and possible changes in base excess and plasma bicarbonate concentrations. High serum concentrations of bromide were associated with an apparent increase in serum chloride concentrations, when measured on an ion specific electrode. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A loading dose of 120 mg/kg daily over 5 days and maintenance doses of approximately 90-100 mg/kg of KBr administered once daily are predicted to result in serum bromide concentrations consistent with therapeutic efficacy for the management of seizures in other species. The clinical efficacy of this agent as an anticonvulsant medication and/or calmative in horses warrants further investigation. 相似文献
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Azizzadeh M Shooroki HF Kamalabadi AS Stevenson MA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(3-4):335-340
The objective of this study was to document mortality reasons and risk factors for mortality in dairy calves in the northeast of Iran. This was a prospective cohort study of calves born on ten commercial dairy herds from 21 March 2009 to 20 March 2010. A total of 4097 live calves were followed for 90 days after birth. For each calf details of sex, parity of the dam, type of parturition and season of birth were recorded. The interval (in days) from the date of birth to the date of death and the reason for death was recorded for those calves that died before 90 days of age. A Cox proportional hazards model, including a frailty term to account for unmeasured herd-level effects was developed to quantify the effect of factors associated with time to death. Two hundred and sixty-six (6.5%, 95% CI: 5.8-7.3%) of the 4097 live-born calves died or were euthanised before 90 days of age. The most important reasons for death were digestive tract disorders (58% of all deaths, 95% CI: 52-64%) followed by respiratory diseases (13% of all deaths, 95% CI: 9-17%). Calves exposed to dystocia at birth had 2.09 (95% CI: 1.49-2.92) times the daily hazard of death compared with calves born from a normal calving. The daily hazard of death for calves born in the summer was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.41-2.64) times greater than the hazard for those calves born in the autumn. Inclusion of the herd-level frailty term had a significant effect on hazard estimates indicating that the study herds were heterogeneous in the distribution of unmeasured herd-level factors influencing calf survival. Our results show that diarrhoea is the most important cause of calf mortality in dairy herds in this area of Iran and that environmental and management factors affect calf mortality rate. 相似文献