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弓形虫病是由刚第弓形虫(toxoplasma gondii)引起的一种人畜共患寄生虫病.呈世界性分布,各种家畜,包括猪、牛、羊、犬、猫和试验动物,包括小白鼠、天竺鼠、家兔等,以及人类,都能感染弓形虫.弓形虫病可使孕畜流产死胎,急性弓形虫病可造成家畜的死亡.弓形虫感染孕妇后可引起流产,胎儿畸形或产出弱智儿.弓形虫感染成人后,可侵害神经系统、呼吸系统、心脏、淋巴内皮系统等多种器官或系统,并造成损伤,严重时会造成死亡.因此弓形虫病具有重要的公共卫生意义. 相似文献
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<正>一、什么是弓形虫病弓形虫病(Toxoplasmosis)是由刚地弓形虫(Taxoplasma gondii)寄生于多种动物和人体内引起的人畜共患寄生原虫病。它在人体内多为隐性感染,主要侵犯眼、脑、心、肝、淋巴结等。孕妇受染后,病原可通过胎盘感染胎儿,直接影响胎儿发育,致畸严重,是人类先天性感染中最严重的疾病之一。此外,它与艾滋病(AIDS)的关系也非常密切。二、弓形虫病病原揭秘弓形虫随发育阶段的不同而形态各异。首先我们要知道的是哪一个 相似文献
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弓形虫病又称弓形体病,弓浆虫病,是由刚第弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)寄生于宿主的有核细胞内引起的一种原虫病,此病是一种人畜共患病,人和200多种动物均可感染此病,猫是终末宿主,人、猪和许多的野生动物均可作为中间宿主。弓形虫对人畜的危害很大,孕妇感染弓形虫后可导致 相似文献
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弓形虫是一种重要的机会性寄生原虫,可感染人、哺乳动物及鸟类,引起人兽共患弓形虫病。目前,弓形虫感染已经成为一种严重的、全球性的公共卫生安全问题,引起了医学界的广泛关注。肿瘤患者的机体存在免疫功能障碍,对其进行放疗或化疗的过程中,则会进一步的降低肿瘤患者的免疫功能,临床上因抗肿瘤治疗而引起的弓形虫为典型代表的难治愈性寄生虫病的重症化已经愈发明显。肿瘤患者合并弓形虫感染的相关研究逐渐成为弓形虫病研究热点。论文对我国肿瘤患者弓形虫的流行情况﹑基因分型﹑传播途径及防治措施做一概述,旨在为有效防控肿瘤患者弓形虫共感染提供参考。 相似文献
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弓形虫几乎可以感染所有的温血动物,是一种十分重要的人兽共患原虫病病原。牛羊弓形虫感染不仅影响其自身的发育和繁殖,对畜牧业发展造成一定的经济损失,更重要的是感染弓形虫的牛羊肉和奶可成为人类健康和生命安全的潜在威胁。牛羊弓形虫感染受多种因素(年龄、品种、养殖场管理及犬、猫和鼠的存在等)的影响,不同地区牛羊弓形虫感染的风险因素不尽相同。基于此,论文对弓形虫感染的检测方法、我国不同地区牛羊弓形虫的感染情况及影响弓形虫感染的因素进行综述,旨在为相应地区牛和羊的饲养管理及保障其奶和肉产品的安全供给提供参考。 相似文献
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抗弓形虫药物研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种呈世界范围分布的人兽共患寄生原虫,给人类生活和畜牧业生产带来极大的危害,然而至今仍没有理想的治疗弓形虫病的药物。近年来,研究人员主要从干扰弓形虫的叶酸代谢、检测抗其他病原微生物和寄生虫药物的抗弓形虫活性,以及针对弓形虫独特的生理结构和生化反应路径进行药物设计,开展抗弓形虫药物的研究,取得了许多重要的成果。随着人们对弓形虫研究的不断深入,对其分子生物学特性会有更加全面的了解,将给新的药物靶标的发现和特效药物的研发提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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Wyss R Sager H Müller N Inderbitzin F König M Audigé L Gottstein B 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2000,142(3):95-108
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are phenotypically and phylogenetically closely related cyst-forming coccidia, both of which may cause abortion in livestock animals. T. gondii exhibits also zoonotic potential by causing diaplacental infections in the human fetus and harmful infections in immunosuppressed individuals. Humans get infected either by consuming inappropriately prepared cyst-containing meat or by ingesting oocysts originating from cat feces. Therefore, in order to assess infection risk we need to have knowledge on the prevalence of the parasite in consumable meat and thus slaughtered animals. So far, no data indicate any zoonotic potential for N. caninum. Due to its high economic impact in the bovine production in Switzerland, we included this parasite in the present study as well. The prevalence of both parasite species were investigated by PCR in muscle and brain samples of slaughtered bovines, sheep, pigs and horses. Comparatively, a serum sample from each animal was simultaneously tested serologically by a Toxoplasma-P30-ELISA and a Neospora-SA-ELISA. The prevalences determined by the T. gondii-PCR were the followings: adult cows 3%, young bulls 2%, young cows prior to gravidity 6%, calves 1%, sheep 6%, horses and pigs each 0%. For N. caninum, the PCR-prevalence was 2% for adult cows and 0% for all other animal groups. Conversely, the seroprevalences were much higher for both parasite species and all animal groups, with the exception of the fattening pigs. However, as T. gondii was principally detectable in bovine (cows and calves) as well as in sheep meat, the consumption of this meat harbours a potential infection risk for humans. In contrast, the lack of any parasite detectability in fattening pig and horse meat allows to consider this infection source as neglectable when compared to bovine and ovine meat. 相似文献
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Messier V Lévesque B Proulx JF Rochette L Libman MD Ward BJ Serhir B Couillard M Ogden NH Dewailly E Hubert B Déry S Barthe C Murphy D Dixon B 《Zoonoses and public health》2009,56(4):188-197
As a result of their intimate contact with the land and their nutritional habits, the Inuit of Nunavik are considered to be at risk from zoonotic infections. To better understand the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection, a serosurvey was conducted in Nunavik, Québec, in September 2004. A representative sample of the Inuit adult population of Nunavik participated in this cross-sectional study (n = 917). Antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii were detected by immunoassay. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, traditional activities, domestic environment and nutrition was gathered by questionnaire and explored as variables explanatory of seropositive results. Associations found to be statistically significant in univariate analyses were assessed by multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors. Almost two thirds (59.8%) of the Inuit of Nunavik were found to be seropositive for T. gondii. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for seropositivity were: increasing age, gender (women > men), lower level of education, consumption of potentially contaminated water (determined by an index of risk from waterborne infections), frequent cleaning of water reservoirs, and consumption of seal meat and feathered game. There was some variation in seroprevalence between the Ungava Bay coast (52.3%) and the Hudson Bay coast (65.6%), the two main regions of Nunavik, but this variation was not significant in the multivariable logistic regression model. This cross-sectional study demonstrated high T. gondii seroprevalence in the Inuit population and revealed that age, gender, schooling and community of residence all influence serostatus in this population. Variables related to drinking water and food choices may also influence the risk of infection. These results raise important questions about T. gondii transmission in Nunavik including possible links between terrestrial and marine cycles. 相似文献
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Marques PX O'Donovan J Williams EJ Gutierrez J Worrall S McElroy M Proctor A Brady C Sammin D Bassett H Buxton D Maley S Markey BK Nally JE 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):91-100
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is one of the major causes of infectious abortion in sheep. To further understand the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, serum, amniotic and allantoic fluids and foetal stomach contents were collected from experimentally infected pregnant ewes to determine pathogen numbers and other markers of infection. Fifteen pregnant ewes (90 days of gestation) were each orally inoculated with 3000 sporulated oocysts of T. gondii. Serum samples were collected weekly following challenge. Amniotic and allantoic fluids and foetal stomach contents were collected at 21, 25, 28, 33 and 35 days post-infection. Characteristic placental lesions were detected in 1 of 4 challenged ewes at day 25, 3 of 4 challenged ewes at day 28 and in all challenged ewes at days 33 and 35 post-infection. T. gondii was detected only sporadically in amniotic and allantoic fluids before 35 days of infection, by real-time PCR, and only in ewes with placental lesions. At 35 days post-infection, high numbers of parasite were detected in both amniotic and allantoic fluids. An increase in the number of fluids from challenged animals with IgM and IgG was detected over time, except for IgG in allantoic fluid, which was detected in all samples from day 21 post-infection. IgG in amniotic and allantoic fluids was shown to be specific for T. gondii, and reacted with antigens with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa and 30 kDa. Results suggest a maternal source of immunoglobulin in the allantoic fluid and a foetal source of immunoglobulin in the amniotic fluid early in infection but that both sources may contribute immunoglobulin to both fluids at a later stage. 相似文献
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Sharif M Gholami Sh Ziaei H Daryani A Laktarashi B Ziapour SP Rafiei A Vahedi M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(2):422-424
Serum samples from 290 cattle, 400 goats and 588 sheep slaughtered for food in various areas of the Mazandaran province, Iran were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), from December 2004 to April 2005. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 30% (120/400) goats and 35% (206/588) sheep and 0% (0/290) cattle, at a dilution of 1:16 or more for goats and sheep and 1:128 or more for cattle. The highest titres observed in cattle, goats and sheep were 1:64 (0.7%), 1:128 (1%), 1:64 (2%), respectively. These results indicate that T. gondii antibodies are widespread in the animal populations and suggest that toxoplasmosis is a widely spread zoonotic infection in northern Iran. 相似文献
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Nineteen does (female goats) were dosed with 500,000 oocytes of Hammondia hammondi prior to breeding. At about 90 days of gestation these, and 18 uninoculated does were challenged with 25,000 Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. The 19 H. hammondi--inoculated does produced 26 live and one dead kid (newborn goat). The 18 does not given H. hammondi produced 12 live and 19 dead kids. However, examination of all of the kids by isolation of T. gondii in mice, serology and histology revealed that they were all infected with T. gondii. Thus, while H. hammondi "vaccination" is protective against the deleterious effects of T. gondii on pregnant does, perhaps by reducing the severity of placental lesions, it does not prevent foetal infection. 相似文献
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Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cats are very important hosts in the epidemiological cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect humans and many other animal species worldwide. We report a serological survey of antibodies to T. gondii in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal, by means of the modified agglutination test. Three cats had titres of 20 (3.9%), 18 had titres of 40 (23.7%) and 55 animals had titres of > or =800 (72.4%). Results of three seropositive kittens with less than 4 months were not considered for determining the seroprevalence of infection, which was found to be 35.8% (73/204). Differences in the seroprevalence levels were not statistically significant between males (35.6%) and females (36.0%) or pure non-European (26.7%) and European or mixed-breed cats (39.6%). Animals aged 36-71 months and 72-180 months had the highest seroprevalences of infection, i.e. 51.7% and 51.2%, respectively, which significantly differ from the values observed in cats with 2-11 months (14.6%) and 12-35 months (26.3%). Infection levels were also significantly different between cats that lived totally indoors (7.7%) and those that had access to outdoors (45.4%), as well as between cats living alone (13.8%) and those that had contact with other cats (39.4%). Seroprevalence values in cats fed only commercial canned or dried food (22.9%) and animals whose diet included raw or undercooked viscera and/or meat (53.5%) were also significantly different. Furthermore, considering only 108 cats, differences of seropositivity to T. gondii were significant between feline immunodeficiency virus infected and non-infected animals, but this was not observed for feline leukaemia virus. Age, habitat and diet were identified as risk factors for the feline T. gondii infection by logistic regression analysis. Some control measures are suggested based on these findings. 相似文献
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Rossi GF Cabral DD Ribeiro DP Pajuaba AC Corrêa RR Moreira RQ Mineo TW Mineo JR Silva DA 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):252-259
Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis have been recognized as economically important diseases with considerable impact on the livestock industry. Considering the scarce information on the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep from Uberlandia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of antibodies against these parasites in sheep sera from this region by using different serological methods. A total of 155 sheep serum samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG against T. gondii and N. caninum. Seroreactivity by IFAT showed 80% of samples with titers between 512 and 2048 for T. gondii (cutoff ≥ 64) and 78% presenting titers between 50 and 200 for N. caninum (cutoff ≥ 50). Seroreactivity by ELISA showed 75% of samples with ELISA index (EI) between 2.0 and 3.0 for T. gondii (cutoff ≥ 1.3) and 54% presenting EI between 1.3 and 2.0 for N. caninum (cut off ≥ 1.3). Discordant results by both tests were analyzed by immunoblot, resulting in a total seropositivity of 61% for T. gondii and 23% for N. caninum, with 41% to T. gondii only, 3% to N. caninum only, and 20% to both parasites. There was a significant positive association between seropositivity to T. gondii and age over one year (P<0.001), but such association was not found for N. caninum infection. In conclusion, as T. gondii and N. caninum infections are simultaneously present in sheep flocks of this region, it should be emphasized the importance to carry out a regular monitoring of Toxoplasma infection due to its high prevalence, its zoonotic potential and induction of reproductive disorders leading to economic losses. For neosporosis, sheep farmers should be instructed about the presence of the parasite in the flock, its risk factors and potential abortifacient role in sheep. Differential flock management could be valuable tool to establish the association of serological positivity and reproductive disease induced by N. caninum in sheep. 相似文献