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1.
Evaluation of 25%, 50%, and 67% Nitrous Oxide with Halothane-Oxygen for General Anesthesia in Horses
MARCO TESTA DVM MS MARC R. RAFFE DVM MS DiplomateACVA ELAINE P. ROBINSON BVetMed MVSc DiplomateACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(4):308-312
Twenty-five percent, 50%, and 67% nitrous oxide was administered to 12 horses anesthetized with halothane and oxygen. Compared to halothane-oxygen alone, there was no significant difference in heart rate, systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure values, arterial pH, PaCO2, or plasma bicarbonate values when nitrous oxide was included. A significant linear reduction in PaO2 values could be correlated with N2O:O2 concentrations. The halothane level required to maintain surgical anesthesia was reduced when nitrous oxide was administered, but it was not affected by changing the nitrous oxide concentrations. Nitrous oxide concentrations greater than 25% provide no additional reduction in halothane requirement and may be accompanied by PaO2 values that pose risk to the horse. 相似文献
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M Manohar R Gustafson T E Goetz D Nganwa 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(10):1504-1510
Effects of 1.1, 1.5, and 1.8 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane-O2 (1.45%, 1.96%, and 2.39% end-tidal isoflurane, respectively) anesthesia on cardiac output, blood pressure, and blood flow to the brain, thyroid glands, adrenal glands, kidneys, and splanchnic organs were examined in 9 healthy isocapnic adult ponies. Tissue blood flows were studied using 15-micron diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres that were injected into the left ventricle, and comparisons were made with data obtained from ponies in the conscious state. Isoflurane anesthesia caused dose-related reduction in cardiac output and arterial blood pressure, but total peripheral resistance was not significantly altered (P greater than 0.05). In the brain, vasodilation occurred with exposure to isoflurane that peaked at 1.5 MAC. Vasodilation was more pronounced in the cerebellum, pons, and medulla, compared with that in the cerebrum. Perfusion increased in cerebellar gray, as well as white, matter. However, in the cerebrum, blood flow increased in the white matter, whereas it decreased in caudate nuclei and was similar to value in the cortex of awake ponies. In thyroid glands and pancreas, intense vasoconstriction occurred during isoflurane anesthesia which caused precipitous reduction in blood flow in these organs. By contrast, adrenal gland blood flow was not affected during the 3 levels of isoflurane anesthesia because vasodilation occurred. The renal blood flow registered dose-dependent reductions during isoflurane-O2 anesthesia, but renal vasoconstriction occurred only during the deepest level (1.8 MAC) of anesthesia. Although the small intestine and and colon blood flow decreased with each concentration of isoflurane, the splenic blood flow remained unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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B L Blagburn L A Hanrahan C M Hendrix D S Lindsay 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(3):534-536
Anthelmintic efficacies of 3 formulations of fenbendazole were evaluated in cattle naturally parasitized with nematodes: a 10% oral suspension, 0.5% pellets as a top dressing on feed, and a 20% premix. All formulations of fenbendazole were greater than 99% effective in removing adults of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp, Cooperia spp, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Fenbendazole was greater than 96% effective in removing adults of Strongyloides papillosus and greater than 85% effective in the removal of Trichuris sp. Fenbendazole was greater than 96% effective against immature nematodes, which were thought to be primarily Cooperia spp. Adverse reactions were not observed in calves treated with the 3 formulations of fenbendazole. 相似文献
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Objective Evaluate the influence of topically applied flurbiprofen 0.03% and latanoprost 0.005%, alone or in combination, in normal canines. Animals studied 10 Normal Beagles. Procedures Intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size, aqueous flare, conjunctival hyperemia, and blepharospasm were evaluated bilaterally five times daily (8 am , 11 am , 2 pm , 5 pm, and 8 pm ). The study consisted of a training and acclimation period, followed by 3, 1‐week experiment periods. A 2‐week washout period occurred between each experiment period. During period 1, all dogs received flurbiprofen (three doses 6‐h apart) in the treated eye, whereas in period 2, all dogs received latanoprost (one dose 24‐h apart). During period 3, both latanoprost (one dose 24‐h apart) and flurbiprofen (three doses 6‐h apart) were administered in the treated eye. Results Flurbiprofen resulted in a mean IOP elevation of 1.1 mmHg (8.65%) in the treated eye, as compared with the control eye. No effect on pupil size, conjunctival hyperemia, or aqueous flare was noted. Latanoprost resulted in a mean IOP reduction of 3.4 mmHg (30.19%). Combined latanoprost and flurbiprofen resulted in a mean IOP reduction of 2.7 mmHg (24.56%). Miosis was noted in the treated eyes during both latanoprost periods, with maximal pupil constriction 3‐h post‐dose. This was followed by relative mydriasis 24‐h post‐dose, persisting 48 h after the last dose. The degree of conjunctival hyperemia varied between individuals. Neither blepharospasm nor aqueous flare was noted at any time point. Conclusion Concurrent administration of latanoprost and flurbiprofen resulted in a 20.41% reduction in the ocular hypotensive effect relative to latanoprost therapy alone. 相似文献
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《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(6):972-976
ObjectiveTo compare the corneal anaesthetic effect of 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine on normal equine eyes.Study designProspective, blinded crossover study.AnimalsA group of 10 clinically healthy horses.MethodsCorneal sensitivity was determined in each eye by measuring corneal touch threshold (CTT). The study had three phases. Each subject was randomly given one of the three treatments followed by a 72 hour washout period. Every horse received all treatments. Baseline CTT was recorded prior to anaesthetic instillation (T0) then CTT was measured 5 and 10 minutes after (T1 and T2, respectively), then 20 to 90 minutes (T3 to T10) at 10 minute intervals. CTT data were compared among treatments at each time point using the Friedman test p < 0.05.ResultsMedian (range) baseline CTT was 51.3 (25.0–60.0) mm for bupivacaine, 50.0 (40.0–55.0) mm for oxybuprocaine and 55.0 (30.0–60.0) mm for lidocaine. All treatments caused a significant decrease in CTT at T1. The lowest CTT was observed at T3 with bupivacaine and oxybuprocaine treatments. Median CTTs at this time point were 18.7 (5.0–25.0) mm and 28.7 (25.0–40.0) mm, respectively. The lowest CTT with lidocaine treatment was 28.7 (20.0–50.0) mm at T6 (50 minutes). At T3, CTT was significantly lower with the bupivacaine treatment compared with oxybuprocaine and lidocaine treatments (p < 0.0074). There was no significant difference in CTT values between T1 and T6 for bupivacaine, between T1 and T7 for lidocaine, and between T1 and T8 for oxybuprocaine. Duration of the maximum effect was 45 minutes for the bupivacaine, 55 minutes for the lidocaine and 65 minutes for the oxybuprocaine treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of a 0.5% injectable solution of bupivacaine or a 2% lidocaine had similar anaesthetic effect to the commonly used oxybuprocaine. Therefore, they might be used as alternatives for corneal anaesthesia. 相似文献
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Otranto D Lia RP Cantacessi C Galli G Paradies P Mallia E Capelli G 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,130(3-4):293-304
Preventing tick bites is a fundamental step towards reducing the impact of tick-borne protozoal, bacterial and viral diseases (TBDs) in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of imidacloprid 10%/permethrin 50% and of fipronil 10%/S-methoprene 12% against ticks in naturally infected dogs and to assess methodological parameters to calculate drug efficacy on tick immature stages.
From July to August 2004, 45 privately owned dogs of various sexes, ages, breeds, coat length and habits were enrolled in a trial carried out in an area (radius approximately 50 km) in Southern Italy. Three homogeneous groups (both for dog population and tick population) were formed: 15 dogs treated with imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% spot-on (group A), 15 dogs treated with fipronil 10% and methoprene 12% spot-on (group B) and 15 untreated dogs (group C). The dogs in each group were then sub-grouped according to their age and weight. Two different treatments were administered (time 0 and +28 days) to groups A and B, and the dogs were checked weekly for tick infestation until day +56 post-treatment (p.t.). Twenty-four areas distributed on the whole body surface were examined for ticks at each follow-up, while only at time 0 and at day +56 p.t., ticks were collected from the dogs and identified.
For the immature stages a semi-quantitative method was adopted and the load of immature stages was evaluated and grouped into four classes up to day +56 p.t. when the mean number of immature ticks (MIT) for each infection class was evaluated.
All the adult ticks collected were identified as brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Immature stages were first compared at day +28 p.t.. The efficacy of both products used in groups A and B on adult ticks was high and generally very similar. Conversely, the efficacy of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% against immatures was higher than that of fipronil 10% and methoprene 12% throughout the observation period with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) at day +28 p.t. (i.e. group A = 98.52%, group B = 72.40%).
On the whole, in analysing the efficacy of both products against adult plus immature ticks, it was found that the combination of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% was more effective than fipronil 10% and methoprene 12%, with the differences being statistically significant at day +28 p.t. (group A = 98.43%, group B = 77.56%). 相似文献
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《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2020,47(6):797-802
ObjectiveTo compare, versus a control, the sensory, sympathetic and motor blockade of lidocaine 1% and 2% administered epidurally in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Study designRandomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 24 mixed-breed intact female dogs.MethodsAll dogs were administered dexmedetomidine, tramadol and meloxicam prior to general anesthesia with midazolam–propofol and isoflurane. Animals were randomly assigned for an epidural injection of lidocaine 1% (0.4 mL kg−1; group L1), lidocaine 2% (0.4 mL kg−1; group L2) or no injection (group CONTROL). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pe′CO2), and invasive systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were recorded every 5 minutes. Increases in physiological variables were treated with fentanyl (3 μg kg−1) intravenously (IV). Phenylephrine (1 μg kg−1) was administered IV when MAP was <60 mmHg. Postoperative pain [Glasgow Composite Pain Score – Short Form (GCPS–SF)] and return of normal ambulation were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after extubation.ResultsThere were no differences over time or among groups for HR, fR, Pe′CO2 and SAP. MAP and DAP were lower in epidural groups than in CONTROL (p = 0.0146 and 0.0047, respectively). There was no difference in the use of phenylephrine boluses. More fentanyl was administered in CONTROL than in L1 and L2 (p = 0.011). GCPS–SF was lower for L2 than for CONTROL, and lower in L1 than in both other groups (p = 0.001). Time to ambulation was 2 (1–2) hours in L1 and 3 (2–4) hours in L2 (p = 0.004).Conclusions and clinical relevanceEpidural administration of lidocaine (0.4 mL kg−1) reduced fentanyl requirements and lowered MAP and DAP. Time to ambulation decreased and postoperative pain scores were improved by use of 1% lidocaine compared with 2% lidocaine. 相似文献
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M. ANN HERSCHL DVM CYNTHIA M. TRIM BVSc Diplomate ACVA EDWARD A. MAHAFFEY DVM PhD Diplomate ACVP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(6):494-497
Twelve horses of various breeds and either sex were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine injected into a median or lateral thoracic vein. During anesthesia, with the horse in sternal recumbency, a 14-gauge, 8.9 cm catheter was inserted into each jugular vein by using aseptic technique. Guaifenesin in water (100 mg/kg or a maximum dose of 50 grams) was infused into one jugular vein and an equal volume of 0.9% saline solution was infused into the other jugular vein. Seven horses received 10% guaifenesin, and five horses received 5% guaifenesin. The catheters were removed before the horses recovered from anesthesia. The horses were euthanatized approximately 48 hours later, and the jugular veins were removed for histologic examination. Adherent thrombus material was observed in all veins exposed to 10% guaifenesin and in one vein exposed to 5% guaifenesin. No evidence of thrombus was observed in four veins infused with 5% guaifenesin or in those infused with saline solution. These findings are of particular significance with horses at increased risk for thrombosis or thrombophlebitis. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different saline and colloid solutions on adrenal steroid secretion in dogs. Six healthy male Beagles underwent three infusion cycles: 10 min infusion of 30 ml/kg of NaCl 0.9%, 5 ml/kg of hydroxy ethyl starch, or 5 ml/kg of NaCl 10%. Plasma osmolality, hematocrit, total solids, cortisol and aldosterone levels were measured at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after beginning infusion. Plasma ACTH levels were measured at 0, 15 and 240 min. An identical timing of sampling was applied during a control session omitting the fluid infusion. Osmolality, sodium, chloride and cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher with hypertonic saline solute compared to control. All fluid infusions lead to lowered plasma potassium, hematocrit, total solids and aldosterone values. ACTH concentrations did not show significant changes with any of the infusion cycles. The increase in cortisol levels suggests that hypertonic saline infusion could be interesting in critical care resuscitation, particularly in patients who are suffering from relative adrenal insufficiency. 相似文献
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《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(3):322-330
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different saline and colloid solutions on adrenal steroid secretion in dogs. Six healthy male Beagles underwent three infusion cycles: 10 min infusion of 30 ml/kg of NaCl 0.9%, 5 ml/kg of hydroxy ethyl starch, or 5 ml/kg of NaCl 10%. Plasma osmolality, hematocrit, total solids, cortisol and aldosterone levels were measured at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after beginning infusion. Plasma ACTH levels were measured at 0, 15 and 240 min. An identical timing of sampling was applied during a control session omitting the fluid infusion. Osmolality, sodium, chloride and cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher with hypertonic saline solute compared to control. All fluid infusions lead to lowered plasma potassium, hematocrit, total solids and aldosterone values. ACTH concentrations did not show significant changes with any of the infusion cycles. The increase in cortisol levels suggests that hypertonic saline infusion could be interesting in critical care resuscitation, particularly in patients who are suffering from relative adrenal insufficiency. 相似文献
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Glaucoma is a blinding, painful disease in mammals, including rabbits. This study aimed to determine effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and iridocorneal angle (ICA) morphology of two antiglaucoma therapies, 0.005% latanoprost (latanoprost) and 0.125% demecarium bromide (demecarium) in companion rabbits. Twenty healthy rabbits of varying breeds and ages were used. All animals received a complete ophthalmic examination including rebound tonometry and gonioscopy, and ICA imaging using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), high-resolution ultrasound, and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam® HR). Angle opening distance (AOD) and angle recess area (ARA) were measured. Demecarium was applied to one eye and latanoprost to the contralateral eye. Each eye was re-evaluated 1 hour later with tonometry, imaging, and gonioscopy. Pre- and post-treatment groups were compared with a Wilcoxon signed-ranked test for IOP, ARA, AOD, and gonioscopy score. Estimates of treatment effects were performed to identify clinically significant differences of demecarium and latanoprost on ICA parameters. Latanoprost caused a significant increase in gonioscopy score, ARA, and AOD when measured via SD-OCT whereas demecarium caused a significant decrease in gonioscopy score, ARA, and AOD when measured via SD-OCT and Pentacam® HR. Demecarium significantly increased IOP whereas latanoprost had no effect on IOP. Based on the increased ICA parameters in normal companion rabbits, latanoprost can be considered as a glaucoma medication in rabbits. Demecarium increased IOP and decreased ICA parameters; therefore, its use in rabbits is not recommended. 相似文献
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Hagmüller W Jugl-Chizzola M Zitterl-Eglseer K Gabler C Spergser J Chizzola R Franz C 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(1-2):50-54
Thymi Herba (Thymus vulgaris, rubbed) was given as feed additive to weanling piglets. 3 concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) were tested against a control group. Rectal swabs were collected weekly and were sent in for bacterial testing. The shedding of haemolysing E. coli was evaluated. There was no significant difference in the shedding of haemolysing E. coli between the 4 groups. Neither was there a difference in the distribution of the various serotypes. Thymol was detected in the blood plasma in all thyme groups. The increase in thymol level with greater amounts of thyme herb was significant. Three days after withdrawal of the feed additive no thymol levels were detected. The study results did not reveal any effects on haemolysing E. coli in the gut. 相似文献
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A comparison of the effects of a 4% modified fluid gelatin and a 6% hydroxyethyl starch on haemodilution,colloid osmotic pressure,haemostasis and renal parameters in healthy ponies 
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下载免费PDF全文 Z. Gratwick A. Viljoen P. C. Page A. Goddard G. T. Fosgate C. H. Lyle 《Equine veterinary journal》2017,49(3):363-368