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1.
细胞因子是免疫系统的重要调节因子 ,能够影响免疫应答的类型和水平。近年来 ,禽细胞因子研究取得很大进展 ,随着更多鸡细胞因子基因的发现及其生物学特性的研究 ,临床应用细胞因子成为可能。文章对 7种鸡细胞因子——干扰素 (I型和 II型 ) ,白细胞介素 (IL-2、IL-6、IL-1 5和 IL-1 8)和鸡髓细胞生长因子(c MGF)一些生物学特性作了综述 ,主要包括c DNA克隆的方法、c DNA及其编码蛋白的生物学特性、检测方法、主要生物学功能 ,并与相应的哺乳动物细胞因子比较 ,阐明鸡的细胞因子与哺乳动物的异同点。  相似文献   

2.
副鸡禽杆菌是巴氏杆菌科的一种短小革兰阴性菌,也是鸡传染性鼻炎的致病菌。为探讨副鸡禽杆菌感染后靶器官免疫相关因子的变化情况,用副鸡禽杆菌进行人工感染SPF试验鸡,分别在第3天和第6天采集鼻区组织,应用RT-qPCR方法检测了IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TLR4、TLR5、TLR15、AvβDs 4和AvβDs 10的相对表达量;收集鼻黏膜洗液,检测sIgA水平。结果显示,感染组试验鸡IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TLR4、TLR5、TLR15、β-防御素4、10相对表达量显著上升;鼻腔黏膜sIgA显著增高。提示前炎因子、趋化因子、Th1细胞因子、Th2细胞因子都参与了对副鸡禽杆菌感染的免疫调控,分泌的sIgA在抗副鸡禽杆菌感染过程中也起到重要作用。本研究探索了副鸡禽杆菌感染后细胞因子及抗体变化,对探寻新的免疫或治疗方法奠定了基础。  相似文献   

3.
白细胞介素18（IL-18）是一种新发现的细胞因子,主要由单核巨噬细胞系统的细胞分泌。在结构上属于IL-1家族,在功能上与IL-12相似,二者具有协同效应,有着多种生物学功能。鸡IL-18是近几年被发现的,与哺乳动物IL-18有相似的生物学功能;另外,在抗病原微生物感染、抗肿瘤等方面有着潜在的应用价值,还可以作为免疫治疗剂、增强剂及核酸疫苗等,被认为可以代替传统免疫疗法的一种新型免疫佐剂,因而对于开发鸡IL-18的鸡抗病毒药物及疫苗佐剂具有重要意义。本文就其生物学特性及其功能的研究进展作一简要综述,对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
本研究旨在揭示BLec1、BNK及细胞因子在B21和B19两种单倍型鸡对马立克病(MD)抗性差异中的可能机制。分别对B21和B19单倍型1日龄鸡腹腔接种马立克病毒(MDV)超强毒株,在攻毒后不同时间检测鸡外周血淋巴细胞中BLec1、BNK及IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10和IL-18的基因转录水平。结果显示,在第4、7天,两种鸡BNK、BLec1和4种细胞因子水平表现出不同程度的降低。在第10天,B21单倍型鸡中BNK、BLec1、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-18基因转录量出现不同程度的升高,而B19单倍型鸡中细胞因子转录水平有所下降。在第13天,B21单倍型鸡中BNK、BLec1、IL-18和IL-10基因转录量表现出不同程度的升高,而B19单倍型鸡中则有所下降。以上结果总体表明,MD耐受型鸡在感染沉默期BNK、BLec1和细胞因子转录量高于敏感型,不同遗传基因型鸡对MD的抗性差异与耐受基因及细胞因子的转录情况有着密切的关系。  相似文献   

5.
海兰鸡IL-18全基因的克隆与序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
IL-18是一种能诱导产生IFN-γ的新型细胞因子,在调节Th1型细胞免疫应答中起重要作用。根据GenBank发表的鸡IL-18cDNA基因序列,自行设计一对引物,经植物血凝素(PHA)活化60日龄海兰鸡的脾淋巴细胞后,提取其总RNA,经反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增,扩增产物进行了T-A克隆、测序,获得了中国海兰鸡IL-18基因全序列,其大小为597 bp,与GenBank中查得的鸡IL-18基因进行比较发现,中国海兰鸡IL-18基因与Schneider报道的鸡IL-18基因序列完全一致,为进一步研究鸡IL-18基因表达、生物学活性和应用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

6.
海兰鸡白细胞介素-18全基因的克隆与序列分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  
白细胞介素-18（Interleukin-18，IL-18）是一种能诱导产生IFN-γ的新型细胞因子，在调节Th1型细胞免疫应答中起重要作用。根据GenBank发表的鸡IL-18cDNA基因序列，自行设计一对引物，经植物血凝素（PHA）活化60日龄海兰鸡的脾淋巴细胞后，提取其总RNA，经反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）扩增，扩增产物进行了T-A克隆、测序，获得了中国海兰鸡IL-18基因全序列，其大小为597bp，与在GenBank中查得的鸡IL-18基因进行比较发现，中国海兰鸡IL-18基因与Schneider报道的鸡IL-18基因序列完全一致，为进一步研究鸡IL-18基因表达、生物学活性和应用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

7.
犬新孢子虫是一种专一性细胞内寄生虫，它的感染导致了宿主Th细胞的分化。一方面，刺激宿主产生Th1型细胞因子反应，这些细胞因子包括IL-12、IFN-7和INF-α。Th1型细胞因子反应同时还激活了产生氧自由基（FOR）、一氧化氮（NO）及其代谢物，这些细胞因子对犬新孢子虫均具有致命的杀伤力。另一方面，引发宿主产生IL-4、IL-5和IL-10等Th2型细胞因子，Th2型细胞因子主要在宿主妊娠过程中发挥作用。  相似文献   

8.
为了解鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasma Gallisepticum,MG）F弱毒疫苗株感染SPF鸡对IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10共4种细胞因子产生的影响,本研究分别以活菌浓度为109（A组）、106（B组）CCU/mL的MG F株及生理盐水（C组）点眼接种SPF鸡,采用ELISA方法对免疫前后外周血4种细胞因子的动态变化规律进行研究。结果显示免疫后A、B组的4种细胞因子浓度明显升高;其中IFN-γ质量浓度A组于第7、14天显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,B组于第7天显著高于C组（P〈0.05）;IL-2质量浓度各组于第3、5、7天差异显著（P〈0.05）,由高至低以此为：A、B和C组;A组与B组IL-4和IL-10质量浓度差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但两组IL-4质量浓度于第5、7、14天显著高于C组（P〈0.05）;且2组IL-10质量浓度于第5、7、14、21天显著高于C组（P〈0.05）。免疫MG F株可较好的提高IFN-γ、IL-2介导的细胞免疫作用和IL-4、IL-10介导的体液免疫作用,且MG F株活菌浓度与接种鸡的细胞免疫作用呈正相关性。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究鸡免疫器官中细胞因子的基础转录水平,本试验采用SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测56日龄鸡免疫器官中Th1类细胞因子及Th2类细胞因子的m RNA相对表达量并进行比较。结果显示,4种细胞因子在盲肠扁桃体中的表达水平均高于腔上囊。脾脏中细胞因子表达水平总体上较同为外周免疫器官的盲肠扁桃体低。胸腺、脾脏与腔上囊中IFN-γ与IL-4的表达呈负相关性。研究表明,盲肠扁桃体作为可直接参与免疫反应的外周免疫器官,其免疫活性可能较中枢免疫器官腔上囊更高。IFN-γ与IL-4作为最具代表性的Th1与Th2类细胞因子,其表达表现为相互抑制。  相似文献   

10.
白细胞介素21(IL-21)是新近发现的一种细胞因子,主要由激活的CD4+T细胞产生。IL-21通过其受体IL-21R发挥多种生物作用。IL-21R属于I型细胞因子受体家族,与IL-2、IL-4、IL-7、IL-9和IL-15受体共同享有γ链(γc)。许多研究表明IL-21独自或与其他细胞因子协同影响多种免疫细胞的增殖、生存、分化和功能,参与对免疫反应稳态平衡的调节。为了更全面了解IL-21研究进展,论文对IL-21与IR-21R的发现、结构特征、表达分布、信号通路以及IL-21对免疫细胞的调节作用进行综述。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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