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1.
为优化H3N2亚型犬流感病毒(CIV)的血凝抑制(HI)试验方法,本研究应用不同种类红细胞进行CIV的血凝(HA)试验,应用不同种类红细胞和不同血清处理方法进行CIV的HI试验,评价其对HA和HI试验的影响。结果表明,H3N2亚型CIV对鸡和犬红细胞的凝集性最好,对小鼠、猪和牛红细胞的凝集性较差。HI试验应用鸡红细胞悬液效果最好,受体破坏酶(RDE)和高碘酸钾处理可以有效去除犬血清中非特异血凝抑制素,但高碘酸钾对血清特异性抗体有损耗。本研究筛选出H3N2亚型CIV HI试验的最佳方法,为犬流感的血清学诊断提供技术支持。 相似文献
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马病毒性动脉炎血凝及血凝抑制试验研究与应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在RK-13细胞上培的马动脉炎病毒在4℃、室温和37℃条件下，用各种动物的红细胞进行血凝试验，证实病毒在不同温度下均可凝集小鼠和鸡的红细胞，但不能凝集牛、绵羊、山羊、马、猪、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔及鹅红细胞，病毒用吐温-80和乙醚处理后，血凝活力会显著增强，其血凝滴度比未经处理的病毒高4-8倍，且血凝像更加清晰，最适处理条件是病毒在冰、浴状态下用终浓度0.06%-0.125%(V/V)二温-80振荡处理15min-60min，再加50%（V/V）乙醚振荡作用5min-15min。用EAV免疫SPF豚鼠，4周后采血做HI和NT试验，显示HI抗体和NT抗体产物成正相关，对550份来自新西兰、吉尔吉斯、内蒙古、新疆的马血清做EAV的抗体检测，比较两个试验，二者符合率为97.8%，血凝抑制抗体与中和抗体效价呈显著的正相关，但抗体效价略低于后者。 相似文献
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水禽新城疫血凝抑制试验存在的问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
新城疫病毒能够与鸡红细胞发生凝集现象,这种红细胞凝集现象可被特异性免疫血清所抑制,即红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI)。由于血凝反应可被特异性抗体所抑制,抗体与病毒结合后,血凝素不能吸附于红细胞表面的受体上,出现凝集抑制现象。该方法具有以下优点:①敏感性强,可以检测到微量的抗体,结果也较为准确,是较敏感的血清学反应之一;②特异性强,病毒凝集红细胞只能被特异的抗体所抑制;③检测速度快,1次HI试验只需2 h左右,即可判定结果;④HI试验对环境要求不高,操作简单,1次还可检测大量的样品。因此血凝抑制试验用于水禽血清,可以检测血清中的抗… 相似文献
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为了监测鸡抗猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)抗体水平,探讨猪源PEDV免疫蛋鸡血清抗体与蛋黄抗体的消长规律及其相互关系,进行了微量间接血凝试验(IHA)检测鸡抗PEDV抗体的方法研究。使用现场分离、鉴定的PEDV,制备IHA的抗原,采用方阵设计方法进行试验。结果显示:抗原以1∶64稀释的敏感性最高,绵羊红细胞最敏感,在37℃30min条件下,红细胞的致敏效果最好;进行IHA试验时以0.7%的致敏绵羊红细胞最敏感,血凝模式最佳;IHA的最适反应温度和时间以室温25℃1～2h后观察最佳;具有较高的特异性与敏感性,方便、快捷,凝集图形清晰,易于判定,结果可靠。 相似文献
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马动脉炎病毒的血凝性研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
在RK－13细胞上培养的马动脉炎病毒（Equine viral arteritis,EAV)在4℃、室温和37℃条件下，用多种动物的红细胞进行血凝试验，病毒在不同温度下均可凝集小鼠和鸡的红细胞，但不能凝集牛、绵羊、山羊、马、猪、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔及鹅的红细胞。将病毒用吐温－80和乙醚处理后，血凝活力会显著增强，其HA效价比未经处理的病毒高4－8倍，且血凝像更加清晰。处理病毒的最适条件是在冰浴状态下用终浓度0．6－1．25mL/L吐温－80振荡处理15－60min，再加1／2体积的乙醚振荡作用5－15min. 相似文献
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鸡传染性支气管炎病毒血凝谱的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用家兔A型魏氏梭菌培养液处理的6株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,以方阵试验分别与人O型红细胞及羊、猪、兔、鸡、鸭、鹌鹑、麻雀、小鼠等8种动物的红细胞作血凝试验,结果证明,鸡传染性支气管炎病毒H_(120)株和M_(41)株均能凝集人O型以及羊、猪、兔、鸡、鸭、鹌鹑、小鼠的红细胞,而不能凝集麻雀的红细胞;GIBV株和Connecticut株能凝集人O型以及免、鸡、鹌鹑、麻雀的红细胞,而不能凝集猪、羊、鸭、小鼠的红细胞;Gray株能凝集兔、鸡、鹤鹑的红细胞,不能凝集人O型以及猪、羊、鸭、麻雀、小鼠的红细胞;而经家兔A型魏氏梭菌培养液处理的T株和未经处理的6株病毒对人O型以及8种动物的红细胞都没有凝集性。试验还证明,M_(41)株和H_(120)株对人O型及8种动物的血凝活性水平有差异。 相似文献
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1血凝实验(HA)、血凝抑制实验(HI)简介一些禽病病毒如新城疫病毒、流感病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒(经浓缩和酶处理后)、腺病毒127株及几种支原体具有凝集红细胞的活性(血凝素-神经酸酶HN蛋白与红细胞表面受体结合)。这种红细胞凝集现象可被特异性免疫血清所抑制,即血凝抑制实验(HI)。用该实验可检测鸡体注苗后抗体应答水平及证实是否曾受感染。HI实验的基本成分是血凝(HA)抗原,系列稀释的血清和红细胞悬液(0·5%~1·0%)。实验可在小试管或微量板(96孔V型板)中进行。生产中一般多用固定抗原稀释血清法(β-法),而很少用固定血清稀释抗原… 相似文献
10.
血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒血凝抑制试验方法的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为检测某猪场的猪感染血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒的情况,用250 mL/L 的鸡红细胞和200 g/L的高岭土去除非特异性物质,使用4单位抗原及5 mL/L鸡红细胞做HI 试验,发现这些条件较适宜。用此法对其他5 种猪传染病抗血清进行检查,发现均不产生非特异性血清学反应。另外,本试验用滤纸吸附血清与分离血清做HI比较试验,其HI价差异不显著,从而为以后进行血清学调查提供了一种便利的方法。用分离的HEV与日本HEV 67N毒株抗原进行比较,两者的HI价一致。 相似文献
11.
Canine brucellosis is a contagious disease associated with health implications for humans as well as for a wide range of wild and domesticated animals. In this study, 173 dog blood specimens were sampled from herding dogs in three different provinces including Tehran (n = 127), Qom (n = 40) and Alborz (n = 6) provinces. The presence of Brucella antibodies was determined using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), slow agglutination test (SAT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), respectively. The seropositive samples were further screened using blood culture and PCR tests to identify and differentiate the implicated Brucella species. According to our results, 24.3% (42/173), 13.8% (24/173) and 6.3% (11/173) of blood samples were tested positive using RBPT, SAT and 2-ME, respectively. However, among 42 seropositive samples, only 38.1% (16/42) and 14.2% (6/42) were positive by PCR and culture, respectively. Brucella melitensis biovar 1 and biovar 2 was isolated from the bacterial cultures of 6 blood samples and confirmed by biotyping, AMOS PCR and Bruce-ladder PCR assays. These findings highlight the potential risk of Brucella transmission from dog to humans along with other livestock and reflect the critical role of infected dogs in the persistence of Brucella infections among ruminant farms. This study stresses the need for further epidemiological investigations on canine brucellosis among herding dogs and suggests the systematic screening of the disease among companion animals such as dogs in order to improve brucellosis surveillance and control programs. 相似文献
12.
Javier Bezos Sergio Marqués Julio Álvarez Carmen Casal Beatriz Romero Ana Grau Olga Mínguez Lucas Domínguez Lucía de Juan 《Research in veterinary science》2014
Goats can act as reservoirs for tuberculosis (TB) infection. The main etiological agents of TB in goats are Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium bovis and they infect also a wide range of domestic and wild animals and humans. Control programmes based mainly on the application of single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and SCIT respectively) tests are being implemented in certain regions of Spain with a high density of caprine flocks as Castilla y León, including goats with epidemiological relationship with cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the intradermal tests in naturally TB-infected caprine flocks from this region. The study was performed using data from 17,450 goats in 54 different flocks that were classified as TB-infected in the control programmes executed in 2010 and 2011. Data from 1237 goats from 7 dairy flocks depopulated after the first intradermal testing were used to estimate the sensitivity (Se) using bacteriology as the gold-standard. Overall Se of the SIT test using the severe interpretation was 43.9% (CI 95%, 40.4–47.4) and decreased to 38.8% (CI 95%, 35.5–42.3) using the standard interpretation. Overall Se of the SCIT test ranged between 21.3% (CI 95%, 17.6–25.4) and 7% (CI 95%, 4.9–9.8) depending of the interpretation criteria. A significant weak positive correlation was found between age and skin fold thickness (Spearman’s test p < 0.05). Results from this study yielded, in general, low Se values probably due the systematic detection and slaughter of reactors as a consequence of the eradication programme in previous years or the presence of factors that may interfere in the diagnosis. Therefore, these results suggest the necessity of including ancillary diagnostic tools and/or strict interpretation criteria to maximize detection of positive animals in infected settings. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study was to assess whether acid-base profile exhibits changes in regularly trained show jumping horses undergoing increasing exercise workloads. Seven female Italian saddle horses were subjected to three different physical exercise trials of increasing workload identified as three exercise phases (EPs). During EPI horses were subjected to a standardized exercise test consisting of 15 minutes of treadmill, during EPII horses were subjected to a show jumping test (height, 0.9–1.1 m; course length, 300 m), during EPIII horses underwent two jumping sessions carried out over two consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at rest (TPRE), after exercise (TPOST), and 30 minutes after the end of exercise (TPOST30). The values of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2), partial pressure of oxygen (Po2), bicarbonate level (HCO3−), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were measured. A significant effect of exercise workload and time (P < .001) on Po2, Pco2, HCO3−, Hb, and Hct values was found. The variation in the studied parameters resulted mostly reversible within TPOST30 in horses when subjected to EPI and EPII, whereas Po2, Hb, and Hct remained higher at TPOST30 than TPRE in horses when subjected to the second day of jumping section (EPIII) indicating a failure to recover. The results suggest that jumping sessions carried out over two consecutive days represent extra workload for horses, and this should be taken into account by veterinarian to prevent acid-base imbalance and for the maintenance of health and performance in equine athletes. 相似文献
14.
饲喂β-酪啡肽对大鼠免疫功能影响的研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
β 酪啡肽 (β Casomorphinβ CM)是 β 酪蛋白经过酶解所释放的一类小肽 ,具有类似阿片肽的功能。试验通过饲喂 2种 β 酪啡肽 (β Casomor phin 7,β CM 7) ,和β Casomorphin 3 (β CM 3)来探索其对动物机体免疫活性的影响 ,并以谷胱甘肽 (GSH)作为肽参照组。试验选用SD雄性健康成年大鼠 ,分 3个肽组 (β Casomorphin 7,β Casomorphin 3,GSH)和 1个未给药对照组 ,每组 1 0只。 3种肽均以 1 2× 1 0 - 6 mol/L的浓度添加于饮水中 ,饲喂 3周后 ,分别进行试验检测。淋巴细胞转化试验 (LTT) (n =6)结果表明 :平均刺激指数 (SI)对照组为 1 99;β CM 7组为 2 56 ;β CM 3组为 3 2 3;GSH组为 2 46。3个肽组相对对照组SI有提高趋势 ,其中 β CM 3组相对对照组差异接近显著 (P =0 0 8)。红细胞免疫试验 (EIT ,n=6)测出各组红细胞C3b受体花环率各为 :对照组 4 9% ,β CM 7组 1 6 7% ,β CM 3组 1 5 9% ,GSH组 1 4 7%。 3个肽组相对于对照组均极显著升高 (P <0 0 1 )。腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性试验 (MTT ,n =6)测出各组平均OD570 分别为 :对照组 0 2 1 ;β CM 7组 0 2 2 ;β CM 3组 0 2 2 ;GSH组0 3。GSH组相对对照组差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。试验结果表明 β 酪啡肽对大鼠的免疫活性具有一定的促进作用 相似文献
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Evaluation and Comparison of 2 On‐Farm Tests for Estimating Somatic Cell Count in Quarter Milk Samples from Lactating Dairy Cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 S.A. Kandeel A.A. Megahed F.K. Arnaout P.D. Constable 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):506-515
Background
The somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used to monitor udder health and diagnose subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cattle.Hypothesis
The Somaticell test (ST) 2 and California mastitis test (CMT) are clinically useful cow‐side tests for diagnosing subclinical IMI.Animals
One hundred and eleven dairy cows at dry‐off and 92 cows within 4–7 days postcalving.Methods
Quarter foremilk samples were obtained and analyzed with a DeLaval cell counter (DCC, reference method), 1 ST, and CMT. The ST was run in a simulated cow‐side manner using milk at 37°C instead of 0–8°C as recommended by the manufacturer. Test performance for diagnosing IMI (DCC SCC >200,000 cells/mL) was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the kappa coefficient (κ) at the optimal cut‐point for each test. The effect of milk/reagent temperature also was evaluated.Results
Compared to the reference method, the ST run in a simulated cow‐side manner had an AUC = 0.68 and κ = 0.24 at dry‐off, and AUC = 0.74 and κ = 0.40 in fresh cows. The CMT performed much better than the ST in diagnosing subclinical IMI with AUC = 0.88 and κ = 0.77 at dry‐off, and AUC = 0.87 and κ = 0.76 in fresh cows. The measured ST value decreased with increasing temperature of the milk/reagent mixture.Conclusions/Clinical Importance
The ST is optimized for use on milk at 0–8°C and is therefore designed for on‐farm use on refrigerated milk samples. The ST is not suited for use as a cow‐side screening test for IMI because the milk temperature exceeds the recommended range for the test. 相似文献16.
D.J. Mevius K.T. Veldman R.H.M. van der Pal F.G. van Zijderveld 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(3):99-104
Summary Recently a commercial computer‐controlled image image analysis system (IAS) was introduced to measure automatically the diameters of inhibition zones in the agar diffusion test. However, there is little information on the precision of this method. In the present study clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. (N = 104), Escherichia coli (N = 100), Pasteurella spp. (N = 99), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (N = 85), porcine streptococci (N = 100), and Staphylococcus aureus (N = 95) were tested in the agar diffusion test, using nineteen different antibiotics in tablets. All inhibition zone diameters were first measured by a laboratory technician and then by the IAS. Although the zone diameters of all bacteria‐antibiotic combinations measured by the IAS and those measured by the laboratory technician showed a significant positive correlation, the size of the inhibition zone diameters measured by the technician and the IAS differed significantly in 59% of the combinations. However, these differences were very small and may have no clinical relevance. The IAS was also used to calculate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC values) from the zone diameters. In 82% of the bacteria‐antibiotic combinations MIC values calculated by the IAS showed a significant positive correlation with MIC values obtained with the reference agar dilution test. However, in 92% of the bacteria‐antibiotic combinations, the calculated MIC values differed significantly from the reference values. In some cases these differences were so large that they could be of clinical relevance. The IAS was unable to measure the diameter of inhibition zones of porcine streptococci properly, due to poor contrast. We concluded that when tablets are used as antibiotic carriers the IAS accurately measures the diameter of inhibition zones for bacteria species that give good contrast between the agar and bacterial growth. MIC values determined with the IAS were only indicative of those determined with the reference agar dilution test. 相似文献
17.
在测定对-二甲氨基苯酚(4-DMAP)急性毒性和蓄积毒性的基础上,采用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子形态试验,对4-DMAP的致突变性进行了研究。Ames试验结果表明,无论加入代谢活化系统与否,标准平皿掺入法和预培养法均不能检出4-DMAP的致突变性,4-DMAP在400μg/皿剂量时,对测试菌株有明显毒性作用,而加入的代谢活化系统显示对4-DMAP的解毒作用。小鼠骨髓微核试验表明,无论是采用一次性给药,还是采用两次性给药,在给药后一定时间内均未见实验组的微核率高于阴性对照组(P>0.05)。小鼠精子形态试验表明,实验组的精子畸形率明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.01),并呈现剂量反应关系。 相似文献
18.
Comparison of in vitro methods and faecal egg count reduction test for the detection of benzimidazole resistance in small strongyles of horses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The objective of the study was to compare the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and in vivo faecal egg count reduction test (FECR test) for the detection of benzimidazole resistance in equine strongyles. The presence of resistant or susceptible strongyle populations was determined in 25 stud farms using the in vivo FECR test and in vitro EHT. On the basis of the FECR values, resistance to fenbendazole was detected on 15 of the 25 farms (60%). The ED50 value (anthelmintic concentration producing 50% inhibition of hatching) for suspected resistant populations varied from 0.110 to 0.222 g/ml thiabendazole (TBZ). Final LD50 values (anthelmintic concentration inhibiting development of 50% of eggs into L3 infective larvae) above 0.029 g/ml TBZ in the in vitro larval development test on samples from 11 stud farms revealed the presence of populations of small strongyles suspected of being benzimidazole-resistant. 相似文献
19.
Investigations on the role of flea antigen in the pathogenesis of German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP)
M.A. Wisselink J.P. Koeman T. S. G. A. M. van den Ingh A. Willemse 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(1):21-28
Summary Skin reaction patterns to the intradermal injection of a whole‐body flea extract were examined in five physically healthy dogs and in 24 dogs with German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP) at 15 and 30 minutes and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the injection. In 10 out of 24 GSP dogs a positive skin reaction was observed macroscopically after 15 minutes. Delayed reactions at 24 or 48 hours were not observed. In the control group neither immediate nor delayed reactions were observed. The histopathologic skin changes were basically the same in both groups: an initial polymorphonuclear reaction followed by a mononuclear cell reaction. In the GSP dogs, however, these changes occurred earlier and were more prolonged than in the normal dogs. No flea‐antigen‐specific IgGd antibodies could be demonstrated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. It is concluded that delayed type hypersentitivity to flea antigen does not play a role in the pathogenesis of GSP. Immediate type hypersensitivity may contribute to the disease in some cases. 相似文献
20.
《Veterinary parasitology》2015,207(1-2):115-124
This study aimed to compare three different methodologies (Adult Immersion Tests, field trials with naturally infected animals, and a Stall Test using artificially infested cattle) to evaluate the efficacy of two topical formulations that we administered as whole body sprays (15% Cypermethrin + 30% Chlorpyriphos + 15% Fenthion–Colosso® FC 30, Ouro Fino Agronegócios; and 60% Dichlorvos + 20% Chlorpyriphos–Ectofós®, Vallée Saúde Animal Ltd.), against a susceptible strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. To achieve this objective, two natural infestation trials were conducted, as well as two artificial infestation trials (Stall Tests) and two Adult Immersion Tests (AIT). The AIT results showed that both spray formulations achieved 100% efficacy against R. (B.) microplus fully engorged females. However, when observing results obtained by field trials (natural infestations) and Stall Tests, none of these topically applied compounds reached 100% efficacy or affected the reproductive capacity of the fully engorged female ticks. Additional studies must be conducted to compare these in vivo methodologies with different in vitro techniques, such as the Larval Packet Test. However, based on results obtained here, we can conclude that depending on the spray formulations used, the AIT can overestimate acaricidal efficacy and values of reproductive efficiency of such compounds against R (B.) microplus. Specifically, when dealing with spray formulations in the Stall Tests, the period of residual action can increase because these animals are sheltered from contact with environmental factors that might interfere with the efficacy of the products tested. It may be necessary to take in vivo trial results into consideration (such as field trials with naturally infested animals or Stall Tests) to standardize a specific in vitro assay, such as the Adult Immersion Test. 相似文献