共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌是人和动物肠道中重要的益生菌。益生菌进入肠道后,能够黏附定植并形成黏膜生物屏障,帮助肠道抵御各种致病菌的感染,维持肠道的正常功能。乳酸杆菌的黏附是由其表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和胞外多糖等黏附素与宿主细胞表面的受体相结合的过程。为深入研究黏附机制,本文主要对乳酸杆菌黏附肠道上皮的黏附素和受体等方面进行综述。 相似文献
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用扫描电镜观察健康鸡嗉囊黏膜表面正常菌群与黏膜细胞结合的状态,结果发现,嗉囊黏膜表面覆盖着大量的乳酸杆菌,将乳酸杆菌放大可见,其表面以伪足样丝状物与嗉囊黏膜细胞紧密结合。用透射电镜观察乳酸杆菌黏附消化道上皮细胞(CaCo-2cell)的状态发现,上皮细胞与乳酸杆菌相结合后其结构没有变化,菌体结构也完好无损。另外,用透射电镜对乳酸杆菌表面黏附物质被提取前后的形态变化进行了观察,结果表明,细菌被提取蛋白后,细菌细胞壁变薄、透明、凹凸不平,而未提取蛋白的细菌表面结构正常,表明乳酸杆菌表面存在着某种蛋白物质,这种物质就是上皮细胞发生结合的黏附素蛋白。 相似文献
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利用兔抗鸡消化道上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌受体蛋白血清,以琼脂扩散试验、不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对1～40日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄鸡嗉囊与小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分,D450nm值分别为0.236和0.176,4～5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.231和0.166。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.181和0.164;小肠,0.180和0.161。 相似文献
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仔猪腹泻的原因及防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1断奶仔猪腹泻的原因
1．1致病性大肠杆菌引起的腹泻
大肠杆菌通过菌毛、黏附素（细菌表面头发样结构）黏附或定居在肠上皮细胞,并产生肠毒素,使水和电解液大量流入肠内,从而引起腹泻。 相似文献
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丁酸梭菌是一种专性厌氧菌,能通过竞争、排斥及替代等作用抑制大肠杆菌等致病菌在肠道中的黏附作用,并由Toll样受体(TLR)介导免疫应答,增强机体免疫力。其主要代谢产物——丁酸是结肠上皮细胞的主要能量物质,能促进结肠上皮细胞增殖,增强肠道屏障功能;其代谢产生的其它物质可以补充机体所需的营养素和提高肠道对饲料中营养物质的消化、吸收与利用率,改善畜禽生产性能。本文就丁酸梭菌及其代谢产物对畜禽肠道屏障和免疫功能的影响及其机制作一综述,旨在为丁酸梭菌新功能的挖掘及调节肠道健康的生产应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(8)
<正>乳酸菌是一群能从可发酵性碳水化合物中产生大量乳酸的革兰氏阳性细菌的通称。乳酸杆菌有44个种,连同亚种共51个种,是革兰氏阳性、无芽孢、细长、有弯曲的杆菌。其中人们对嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的研究比较多。1乳酸菌的生理功能1.1改善胃肠道功能乳酸菌是肠道常在菌。畜禽服用乳酸菌后,可以改变肠道内环境,抑制有害菌繁殖,调整胃肠道菌群平衡。乳酸菌通过黏附素与肠黏膜细胞紧密结合,在肠黏膜表面定植占位,成为生理屏 相似文献
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It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found. 相似文献
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哺乳动物体中的肠道菌群是细菌生态系统的组成部分,从动物出生时起,这些微生物就对免疫系统的发育、功能和调节起着非常重要的作用。当前,越来越多的研究集中在微生物对宿主细胞代谢的影响上。短链脂肪酸(SCFA)作为肠道菌群的一种代谢产物,对肠道稳态的维持具有重要作用。SCFA是肠道上皮细胞的重要燃料,能增强肠屏障功能。作为信号分子,SCFA可以通过细胞表面G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)发出信号,从而激活控制免疫功能的信号级联反应;还可以通过底物转运蛋白进入细胞,抑制组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(HDAC),最终达到降低肠道炎症反应。本文综述了微生物SCFA的产生及其对肠道黏膜的影响,并通过激活细胞表面GPCR以及抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)来调节免疫反应的作用。 相似文献
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U. Schwittlick J. Junginger K. Hahn A. Habierski M. Hewicker‐Trautwein 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2017,46(1):33-42
Histamine is an important mediator of many physiological processes including gastrointestinal function that acts via four different histamine receptors (H1R to H4R). Elevated histamine levels and increased HR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) have been shown in humans with gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or allergic intestinal diseases. As there is limited knowledge concerning the distribution of histamine receptors (HR) in dogs, one aim of this study was to investigate the expression of histamine 1 receptor (H1R), histamine 2 receptor (H2R) and histamine 4 receptor (H4R) in the canine gastrointestinal tract at protein level using immunohistochemistry. Histamine 1 receptor, H2R and H4R were widely expressed throughout the canine gastrointestinal tract including epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal and immune cells. In addition, in situ hybridisation was established for detecting canine H4R mRNA. Results showed H4R mRNA to be present in enterocytes, lamina propria immune cells and submucosal plexus in the duodenum and colon of nearly all investigated animals. The results elucidate the importance of HR in the canine gut and represent the basis for investigating their possible impact on canine inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. 相似文献
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短链脂肪酸介导的宿主肠道免疫调控机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肠道是营养素、微生物群和宿主进行免疫反应的共享场所。肠道稳态失衡、免疫功能失调、环境因素等都可能引发疾病,肠道微生物群是控制机体健康肠道内环境平衡的一个重要因素。短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)主要由细菌发酵产生,是肠道微生物群及宿主肠上皮细胞(IECs)的重要能量来源,能够维持肠道酸碱平衡,抑制有害病原菌生长,调节宿主肠道免疫,降低炎症反应。SCFAs不仅在共生细菌聚居的肠道内起局部作用,而且还影响肠道免疫细胞,调节免疫反应。本文主要概述了SCFAs通过G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)激活途径、组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制作用改变代谢状态,并将代谢途径与表观遗传修饰联系起来引起宿主免疫应答,降低肠道炎症反应并增强肠道屏障功能。 相似文献
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鼠李糖乳酸杆菌LG_A对鸡小肠上皮细胞β-防御素-9基因表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究旨在研究益生性鼠李糖乳酸杆菌LGA对体外培养的鸡小肠上皮细胞β-防御素-9 (AvBD9)表达的调节作用.选用鼠李糖乳酸杆菌LGA对体外培养的鸡小肠上皮细胞进行剂量依赖性及时间依赖性刺激实验,利用实时荧光定量PCR(fluorescence quantitative PCR,FQ-PCR)从mRNA水平研究刺激后上皮细胞AvBD9基因表达水平的差异.结果表明,不同浓度(2×105、2×106、2×107 cfu· mL-1)鼠李糖乳酸杆菌LGA均能上调AvBD9mRNA的表达,且在不同细菌浓度之间AvBD9 mRNA的表达存在差异.热灭活鼠李糖乳杆菌LGA亦能上调AvBD9基因表达,且上调值显著高于活菌(P＜0.05).鼠李糖乳杆菌LGA刺激上皮细胞后AvBD9表达存在时间依赖关系,12 h时AvBD9的表达达到峰值.Western blot检测结果显示,鼠李糖乳杆菌LGA刺激后的上皮细胞培养上清中存在AvBD9蛋白表达,表明AvBD9蛋白可以分泌到细胞外而发挥其生物学功能.益生性鼠李糖乳酸杆菌LGA与鸡肠道上皮细胞的相互作用过程中,鼠李糖乳酸杆菌LGA能够促进上皮细胞抗菌肽β-防御素-9的表达.本研究结果提示益生性乳杆菌可能通过促进肠道上皮抗菌肽的表达而发挥其益生作用. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins are structurally diverse fungal metabolites that can contaminate a variety of dietary components consumed by animals and humans. It is considered that 25% of the world crop production is contaminated by mycotoxins. The clinical toxicological syndromes caused by ingestion of moderate to high amounts of mycotoxins and their effect on the immune system have been well characterized. However, no particular attention has been focused on the effects of mycotoxins on the local intestinal immune response. Because of their location, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) could be exposed to high doses of mycotoxins. As a component of the innate local immune response, intestinal epithelial cells have developed a variety of mechanisms which act to reduce the risk of infection by microorganisms or intoxication by toxic compounds. This review summarises the innate immune response developed by intestinal epithelial cells and reports the literature concerning the effects of mycotoxins on them. Particularly, the effects of mycotoxins on the maintenance of a physical barrier by epithelial cells will be discussed together with their effect on extrinsic protective components of the innate intestinal immunity: mucus secretion, antimicrobial peptide generation, IgA and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. 相似文献
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Alvarez B Revilla C Doménech N Pérez C Martínez P Alonso F Ezquerra A Domíguez J 《Veterinary research》2008,39(2):13
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a group of pattern recognition molecules that play a crucial role in innate immunity. TLR2 recognises a variety of microbial components leading to the development of inflammatory and immune responses. To characterise the expression and functional properties of porcine TLR2 (pTLR2), we have raised a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against this molecule. Mouse 3T3 cell transfectants expressing pTLR2 were used for immunisation of mice. The specificity of these antibodies was confirmed by their reactivity with CHO cells transfected with pTLR2 but not with pTLR4 or with non-transfected cells. Using one of these mAbs, named 1H11, pTLR2 was found on cells of the innate immune system, including monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes, but not on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Staining of tissue sections showed that pTLR2 is also expressed on epithelial cells lining the tracheobronchial and intestinal tracts, bile ducts in the liver and renal tubules, and on the basal layer of the epidermis. This distribution is consistent with a surveillance function at entry sites, allowing for early detection of microbial invasion. 相似文献