共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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猪采食行为与饲喂设备的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
猪的采食行为和饲喂设备对饲料的浪费量有着明显影响。据研究人员估计,通常的规模猪场供给生长肥育猪所用的全部饲料中至少有10%～15%没有被猪食入胃内,而是在采食过程中被浪费,最终成为粪污水排出(Geoff熏1997)。目前,我国绝大多数的猪场仍采用传统的饲喂方式,即用水泥料槽或地面上饲喂,饲料浪费惊人,浪费率可高达饲料总供应量的20%以上。本文就猪的采食行为和饲喂设备对饲料利用率和生产性能影响的一些研究进展作一综述。1采食行为及饲喂器与饲料浪费1.1采食习性与采食次数尽管在现代的猪舍内,饲以良好平衡的日粮,但猪还是表现出拱地觅食… 相似文献
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饲料浪费同饲喂方法和猪的行为有关 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国德克萨斯理工大学的研究表明,猪玩耍时间的长短和浪费饲料的量之间有一定的关系。该大学的J.Salak等为弄清饲料浪费的可能原因,研究了两种饲喂方法对猪的采食行为和饲料浪费的影响。他们这项工作的结果发表于该大学的《动物科学研究报告》。 相似文献
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饲料成本约占养猪总成本的70%～80%,是养猪场最主要的开支。有人认为饲料未被猪采食而洒落属于饲料浪费,被猪采食的饲料不属于浪费。其实不然,猪采食的饲料如果未得到有效转化也是一种浪费,且属于病理性饲料浪费,如猪为了应对疾病引起的免疫应激饲料消耗、寄生虫引起的饲料消耗、死亡猪饲料消耗等。本文就病理性饲料浪费的原因、损失及如何规避病理性饲料浪费进行阐述,以期为养猪企业避免饲料浪费提供一些思路和可操作的方法。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同饲喂模式对肥育猪生长性能和经济效益的影响。试验选择150头体重42.0 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂种肉猪,按体重随机将其分为3组,即自由采食组、限制饲喂10%组、限制饲喂15%组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各半,试验期85 d。试验结果表明:生产性能方面,1)不同饲喂模式下,肥育猪日增重差异显著(P0.05),自由采食组(891.50 g)显著高于限制饲喂10%组(858.50 g)和限制饲喂15%组(821.75 g);2)不同饲喂模式下,自由采食组料重比(2.79)显著高于限制饲喂10%组(2.61)和限制饲喂15%组(2.58);3)不同饲喂模式下,肥育猪背膘厚和腹围指标,限制饲喂15%组均有降低趋势,且低于自由采食组和限制饲喂10%组。经济效益方面,在当时饲料原料价格和猪价行情下,肥育猪每千克增重饲料成本:自由采食组最高(6.22元),限制饲喂15%组最低(5.75元),且限制饲喂15%组与限制饲喂10%组接近。单头获利:限制饲喂10%组最高,限制饲喂15%组最低。综上所述,该试验条件下:1)42~110 kg肥育猪阶段采用限制饲喂模式(限制饲喂10%组和限制饲喂15%组)可显著降低料重比和每千克增重饲料成本,但上市体重受一定影响,限制饲喂10%组头均盈利最高;2)在自由采食基础上限制饲喂15%组可较好地改善肥育猪"吊肚"和肥膘现象。 相似文献
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饲料损失浪费的原因是多方面的,有生产运输方面,也有饲喂过程中落地被践踏而难以被猪采食所至的直接损失;还有饲料搭配不合理,采食后营养成分没有被充分消化和吸收而随粪尿排出体外造成的间接浪费;还有管理不当,产生疾病、死亡等方面的 相似文献
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养殖废水的排放会导致水体富营养化,破坏水体自然生态系统。控制养殖废水生成是必要的,以保持可持续的水产养殖发展。由于饲料是水产养殖的主要废弃物来源,水产养殖废弃物的管理应通过饲料配方或饲养策略来进行。高消化日粮是解决和降低固体废物排放的有效方案。通过选择饲料原料和饲料加工以提高营养有效性,可进一步减少固体废物。通过控制饲料采食,增加粪便浓度可以提高固体清除效率,降低废水中固体物质比例,改善农田水质。通过确保蛋白质和能量之间的平衡,使鱼类利用非蛋白资源,可以减少溶解氮的浪费。通过对原料的精心选择和适当处理可以减少磷的浪费,提高消化率。由于饲料废弃物是水产养殖废水排放的主要组成部分,应采取适当的饲料定量和阶段饲喂方法。 相似文献
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Lee Bradshaw Scott MacGregor Tom Olsen 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2002,18(2):339-347
Potato by-products are an important component of cattle feeding operations throughout the Pacific Northwest. In turn, without cattle feeding operations, potato processors would have a major disposal problem with potato waste. It is estimated that 98% of the cattle throughout the Pacific Northwest are being fed potato waste in one form or another. This inexpensive energy source allows cattle feeders in the Pacific Northwest to feed cattle at a competitive price compared with cattle feeders in the Great Plains region. 相似文献
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Michael S Thibodeau Matthew H Poore Glenn M Rogers 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2002,18(2):349-365
If certain guidelines are followed when feeding sweetpotatoes to livestock it is possible to minimize health hazards. Careful herd management and the recognition of specific biomarkers such as excessive dental deterioration could aid in the early identification of feed problems. Where these tubers are produced locally in abundance there can be an economic and environmental incentive to divert waste sweetpotato by-products toward livestock feed. The feeding of culled sweetpotatoes and processed sweetpotato waste by-products can have three major benefits. First, expensive disposal costs are reduced. Second, negative environmental impacts from landfill dumping and crop spreading are limited. Third, the culled sweetpotatoes and SPCW offer an inexpensive and nutritious alternative feed ration for livestock that may increase economic returns. 相似文献
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本研究开展2个试验,旨在评估用大豆加工废弃物饲喂徐淮白山云对其生产和繁殖性能的影响。试验1选择平均初始体重为(12.39±0.16)kg的徐淮白山羊36头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头,每天分别提供的大豆加工废弃物量为体重的0.4%、0.8%和1.6%,试验为期19周。试验2选择妊娠1 d、平均体重为(19.29±0.38)kg的母山羊10头,随机分为2组,每组5头,分别饲喂全价配合饲料和1.6%体重的大豆加工废弃物。结果:试验1,大豆加工废弃物饲喂水平达到1.6%时,山羊干物质、粗蛋白质和代谢能摄入量分别较0.4%饲喂水平显著提高25.19%、71.63%和49.45%(P<0.05),同时干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维的消化率分别显著提高23.61%、25.98%、9.05%和40.25%(P<0.05)。随着大豆加工废弃物饲喂水平的升高,山羊日增重表现为显著升高(P<0.05)。试验2,全价料组山羊象草摄入量较大豆废弃物组显著提高42.22%(P<0.05),但粗蛋白质摄入量和日增重显著降低36.04%和21.15%(P<0.05)。大豆加工废弃物组乳羊在60 d、90 d及平均日增重较全价料组分别显著提高19.04%、24.35%和26.48%(P<0.05)。结论:徐淮白山羊的干物质、粗蛋白质和代谢能摄入量随大豆加工废弃物饲喂水平的增加而增加,但象草摄入量降低。大豆加工废弃物饲喂水平达到体重的1.6%时,对山羊采食量、日增重和繁殖性能无负面影响。 相似文献
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无粮饲料是以农作物废弃物、优质可再生牧草等为原料,通过人工处理,制作成适合投喂的畜禽饲料。无粮饲料的开发与应用,既可节约养殖成本,又可为人们提供优质的畜禽产品,其发展前景广阔。对无粮饲料原料的开发利用进行了综述。 相似文献
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A possibility was shown, how to quantify the water content of nitrogen and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) from intensive fish production, independent of flow rate and feeding time. The nitrogen excretion could be reduced 50% by feeding a protein reduced fish feed (A: 38.4% XP) compared with an fish feed B contending 47.9% protein (XP). The excretion-compartments were evaluated with the waste water parameter COD. Doing this, it could be shown that the COD input by feed A is reduced 20% in opposite to feed B. Further more the separation of fish faeces would achieve an COD reduction from about 50% to 70%. 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of feeding brewery waste that replaced different levels of concentrate in diets for growing crossbred common ducks. A total of 300 ducks at 3 weeks of age were allocated in a 2 x 5 factorial experiment. Two feeding systems were compared, with the brewery waste provided separately (S) or mixed (M) with a concentrate. For the first feeding system the concentrate was fed alone (C100M), or replaced successively by brewery waste at ratios of concentrate to brewery waste: 75:25 (C75M), 50:50 (C50M) and 25:75 (C25M) on a dry matter basis, and fed ad libitum. For the second system concentrate and brewery waste were fed separately, with the same levels as in the first system. Total feed intakes for both feeding systems and intakes of brewery waste, total dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus increased significantly as concentrate was reduced (p <0.05). Daily weight gains were not significantly different between the two feeding systems, but were significantly lower for the C25 and C0 diets (p <0.05). Replacement of 50% of the concentrate by brewery waste resulted in the best growth performance. The highest net profits were from the separate feeding system, and for ducks fed brewery waste only (C0). It is concluded that brewery waste can replace traditional diets for crossbred common ducks based on concentrate. 相似文献