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1.
Olfactory bulb lesions were diagnosed in four dogs presented for generalized seizure disorders. Surgery was performed on each dog using a transfrontal craniotomy. A free fascial-fat graft was used to cover the dural defect resulting from surgery. No major complications were observed during the immediate postoperative period. The histopathologic diagnosis in each case was meningioma. Generalized seizures recurred in all dogs, and three dogs were euthanized for this reason from 9 to 29 weeks postoperatively. One dog was euthanized 12 weeks after surgery due to pancreatitis and pneumonia. Necropsy showed that two dogs had recurrent olfactory bulb meningiomas, one dog had a meningioma of the opposite olfactory bulb, and one dog was tumor free.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To report the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a case of intraventricular tension pneumocephalus in a dog after a transfrontal craniectomy for removal of a falx cerebri meningioma. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMAL: A 12-year-old spayed English springer spaniel. RESULTS: Intraventricular air and a fistula between the craniectomy site and ventricular system were identified by magnetic resonance imaging. Prompt repair of the dural defect using prosthetic dura mater resulted in immediate regression of the neurological signs and cerebral spinal fluid rhinorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging repeated 8 weeks after surgery showed complete resolution of pneumocephalus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of craniectomy that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE-To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features correlated with histologic diagnosis in dogs with nasal disease. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-78 Dogs undergoing MRI for evaluation of nasal disease. PROCEDURES-Medical records and MRI reports of dogs were reviewed to identify MRI features associated with histologic diagnosis. Features evaluated were presence of a mass effect, frontal sinus involvement, sphenoid sinus involvement, maxillary recess involvement, nasopharyngeal infiltration by soft tissue, nasal turbinate destruction, vomer bone lysis, paranasal bone destruction, cribriform plate erosion, and lesion extent (ie, unilateral vs bilateral). RESULTS-33 Dogs had neoplastic disease, 38 had inflammatory rhinitis, and 7 had fungal rhinitis. Lesion extent was not significantly associated with histologic diagnosis. Absence of a mass effect was significantly associated with inflammatory disease. However, presence of a mass was not specific for neoplasia. In dogs with evidence of a mass on magnetic resonance (MR) images, nasal turbinate destruction, frontal sinus invasion, and maxillary recess invasion were not useful in distinguishing neoplastic from nonneoplastic disease, but cribriform plate erosion, vomer bone lysis, paranasal bone destruction, sphenoid sinus invasion, and nasopharyngeal invasion were. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Results suggested that in dogs with nasal disease, the lack of a mass effect on MR images was significantly associated with inflammatory disease. In dogs with a mass effect on MR images, vomer bone lysis, cribriform plate erosion, paranasal bone destruction, sphenoid sinus invasion by a mass, and nasopharyngeal invasion by a mass were significantly associated with a diagnosis of neoplasia.  相似文献   

4.
Computed tomographic anatomy of the normal canine ethmoid region using both transverse and dorsal imaging plane is described. In the transverse plane, the cribriform plate appears as an irregular heart-shaped to rectangular structure that is generally visualized on no more than one to two contiguous 4-mm slices. In the dorsal plane, the cribriform plate appears as a discrete "V"-shaped structure and can be visualized on four to five contiguous slices. Successful visualization of the cribriform was less dependent on patient positioning for the dorsal plane imaging studies. Computed tomographic findings in four dogs with chronic nasal disease and complete postmortem examination of the ethmoid region indicate that the dorsal imaging plane allows a more accurate assessment of cribriform plate involvement than the transverse imaging plane.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a technique involving a dorsal approach for the removal of the nasal septum in adult horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Four client-owned horses. METHODS: Access for partial nasal septum resection was through a dorsal nasal bone flap. Septum resection was performed because of reduced airflow from septal deviation and/or thickening caused by traumatic insult or neoplasia. Preoperative clinical signs and diagnostic results were recorded. Intra- and postoperative complications were noted and follow-up information was obtained from telephone interviews of owners or by clinical examination. RESULTS: The abnormal segment of the nasal septum was completely removed in all horses. A dorsal nasal bone flap approach provided excellent access to the septum and allowed immediate control of hemorrhage; blood transfusion was not needed. Cosmetic results were considered good to excellent by owners and horses returned to their previous level of work without perceived limitations associated with airway function. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal septum resection by the dorsal approach permits good observation of the abnormal septum, and provides exposure that facilitates removal of nasal masses and reduction of depression fractures with minimal complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A dorsal nasal bone flap approach should be considered for horses that require nasal septum resection because it can be achieved with minimal hemorrhage, good cosmetic results, and return to function.  相似文献   

6.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old Australian Terrier was evaluated for surgical removal of an ossifying fibroma of the left calvarium of 7 months' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Computed tomography revealed invasion of the mass through the left parietal bone and extension into the epidural space of the brain. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A left rostrotentorial and frontal bone craniectomy was performed, and the mass was removed, along with a 1-cm margin of grossly normal bone. Cranioplasty was performed with a combination of porcine submucosa, titanium mesh, and screws. The dog recovered from surgery without complications and was discharged 3 days later. The dog was followed up for 24 months after surgery and has remained clinically normal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that rostrotentorial craniectomy is a viable option for removal of benign tumors affecting the parietal bones in dogs. Reconstruction of the resulting defect in the calvarium is possible with a combination of porcine submucosa and rigid titanium mesh.  相似文献   

7.
Survey radiography, linear tomography, and computed tomography were used to image cribriform plate lesions that were created experimentally using intramedullary pins in 18 dog cadaver skulls. Computed and linear tomographic images were taken along the dorsal imaging plane. Studies were independently reviewed by five observers. Results were combined so that the relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each imaging technique could be compared using chi-square analysis. Computed tomography proved to be significantly more sensitive and accurate (p<0.05) than either linear tomography or survey radiography. Computed tomographic images were consistently of good to excellent quality for imaging the cribriform plate. It was concluded that computed tomography of the skull using a dorsal imaging plane was the best available imaging modality for detecting 3-mm and 5-mm experimentally created cribriform plate defects.  相似文献   

8.
CASE DESCRIPTION: 3 dogs (9 to 12 years old) were evaluated because of recurrent pleural effusion that was refractory to treatment of the underlying cause. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Dogs were evaluated because of cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, or lethargy or a combination of these clinical signs. Radiography, ultrasonography, or thoracocentesis were used to confirm the presence of pleural fluid in each dog. A neoplastic cause of pleural effusion was confirmed in 2 dogs. In 1 dog, fasciitis of the mediastinum and the left parietal pleura was diagnosed, with no evidence of neoplasia. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Each dog was anesthestized, and thoracotomy was performed with manual perforation of the mediastinum. Permanent, subcutaneously placed vascular access ports were attached to intrathoracic, Jackson-Pratt drain tubing for repeated drainage of pleural fluid. Drains were used successfully in the 3 dogs for periods of 6 weeks, 11 weeks, and > 3 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that subcutaneous vascular access ports attached to intrathoracic drain tubing may be an effective way to remove recurrent pleural effusion in dogs.  相似文献   

9.
An eight-year-old bull mastiff dog underwent a craniotomy for surgical excision of an olfactory lobe meningioma. Rapidly progressive neurological deficits with cervical pain developed within the early postoperative period. Intraventricular and cervical subarachnoid space air accumulation (pneumorrhachis) was identified through magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Repair of a dural defect using synthetic dura substitute resulted in gradual resolution of neurological signs attributable to the tension pneumocephalus and subarachnoid space pneumorrhachis. Regrowth of the meningioma was not observed. Postoperative intraventricular tension pneumocephalus and air accumulation within subarachnoid space are uncommon but life-threatening complications of intracranial surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment can result in a satisfactory outcome.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of a spontaneously occurring osteosarcoma in a dog by means of tumor resection and bone regeneration of a 12-cm defect using double bone transport. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: An 11 year-old client-owned German shepherd. METHODS: After tumor resection, a preassambled Ilizarov frame was secured to the proximal tibia and to the tarso-metatarsal region. Two osteotomies were performed in the proximal metaphysis. The two bone segments were transfixed with 1.5-mm-diameter wires, each secured to a ring, and bone transport was performed until the distal segment reached the talar surface. Cisplatin was administered 14, 35, and 59 days after surgery. RESULTS: Bone regenerate was first visible radiographically 4 weeks after surgery. The frame was removed 162 days after surgery. The hock was protected with a plaster cast because the tarsal arthrodesis was not complete. The dog underwent tibiotarsal arthrodesis 201 days after osteosarcoma resection. The dog died of metastatic disease 239 days after the initial surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Even though this dog died of systemic metastases, local recurrence did not develop. Cisplatin chemotherapy did not appear to negatively affect bone regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, the double transport technique has not been previously described in the veterinary literature. In this dog, this technique decreased the duration of treatment compared with a conventional single-segment transport technique.  相似文献   

11.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A dog was examined because of a 6-month history of upper airway stridor that began after postoperative regurgitation of gastric contents. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Constant stridor was evident during inspiration and expiration, although it was worse during inspiration. The stridor was no longer evident when the dog's mouth was manually held open. Computed tomography, rhinoscopy, and fluoroscopy were used to confirm a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal stenosis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The dog was anesthetized, and balloon dilatation of the stenosis was performed. Prednisone was prescribed for 4 weeks after the procedure to decrease fibrous tissue formation. Although the dog was initially improved, signs recurred 3.5 weeks later, and balloon dilatation was repeated. This time, however, triamcinolone was injected into the area of stenosis at the end of the dilatation procedure. Two months later, although the dog did not have clinical signs of stridor, a third dilatation procedure was performed because mild stenosis was seen on follow-up computed tomographic images; again, triamcinolone was injected into the area of stenosis at the end of the dilatation procedure. Three and 6 months after the third dilatation procedure, the dog reportedly was clinically normal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that balloon dilatation may be an effective treatment for nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs.  相似文献   

12.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old 38.9-kg (85.58-lb) sexually intact male German Shepherd Dog was examined because of a 4-month history of severe nasal swelling and nasal mucosa congestion. The signs were slowly progressive. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Physical examination revealed that the dorsal aspect of the dog's nose was swollen and hard. Mucous membranes in both nostrils were hyperemic and edematous. Diagnostic investigation revealed severe nasal osteolysis and pyogranulomatous rhinitis and nasopharyngitis attributable to blastomycosis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Oral administration of itraconazole was initiated (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], q 12 h for 5 days and then q 24 h). After a treatment period of 3 months, the nose had regained its normal appearance. After 5 months of treatment, the Blastomyces infection was eliminated as confirmed by results of rhinoscopy and biopsy specimen examination. No relapse was evident within 1 year after discontinuation of treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, nasal and nasopharyngeal blastomycosis can result in severe osteolysis of the nasal bone. Resolution of disease can be achieved with oral administration of itraconazole for a period of at least 5 months.  相似文献   

13.
The radiographic appearance of the cribriform plate was investigated in 16 canine cadaver heads. The cribriform plate appeared as a "V"-shaped multilinear bone-opaque stripe in the caudal nasal region in projections perpendicular to the hard palate in 6 dogs with a skull index between 50.00 and 54.00. In 9 dogs with a skull index between 55.40 and 74.40, the cribriform plate had a more "C"-shaped and sharp appearance. In vertically oblique projections with an obliquity greater than 20 degrees, the cribriform plate lost its sharp outline and finally (40 degrees) disappeared. In lateral projections the cribriform plate appeared as a "C"-shaped interrupted bone-opaque stripe in all 16 dogs. In more brachycephalic dogs frontal bone structures superimposed on the cribriform plate on ventrodorsal and dorsoventral views and accentuated the radiographic appearance of the plate. Vertically oblique views separated both structures to produce two lines.  相似文献   

14.
CASE DESCRIPTION: 3 immature screw-tailed dogs were evaluated because of progressive pelvic limb paraparesis. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Each dog had marked ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs and a palpable deformity of the midthoracic portion of the vertebral column. Pain perception in the pelvic limbs was considered normal, and there was no evidence of fecal or urinary incontinence in any of the 3 dogs. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed hemivertebrae with severe dorsoventral stenosis of the vertebral canal resulting in spinal cord compression in 2 dogs and lateral compression in the other. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Each dog underwent decompressive surgery consisting of dorsal laminectomy or hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilization by use of combinations of Kirschner wires or threaded external fixator pins plus polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. All dogs regained strong locomotor function with minimal residual pelvic limb ataxia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Little detailed information regarding surgical treatment of hemivertebrae in dogs is available; results of treatment in these 3 dogs suggest that spinal cord decompression and stabilization of the vertebral column can achieve a satisfactory, functional outcome.  相似文献   

15.
The sensitivity of conventional radiography for lesions of the cribriform plate, naso-orbital wall, lateral nasal wall and hard palate was investigated in 13 canine cadaver heads by creating measured defects in these structures. The location of the perforations were marked with a thin copper wire and the radiographic appearance of the defects was evaluated retrospectively by a single reviewer. Despite demarcation cribriform plate destruction of 2 mm could not be detected. Defects of 3 mm were detected in only 2 heads, 4 mm defects in 1 further head, an oblong 4 x 10 mm defect in 7 heads and in the remaining 3 heads only a 10 x 10 mm defect became visible as such. The naso-orbital wall had to be destroyed in its whole vertical length for detection of a defect in ventrodorsal or dorsoventral views. Therefore conventional radiography is of low diagnostic value for these lesions. Defects of 2 mm in the lateral nasal wall and the hard palate could be detected confidently in all heads indicating high sensitivity of conventional radiography. Soft tissue opacification did not alter the detectability of any nasal border structure lesion.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infection with or exposure to Bartonella spp was associated with idiopathic rhinitis in dogs. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 44 dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge and 63 age- and weight-matched control dogs without nasal discharge and no clinical signs of bartonellosis. Procedures-Serum was tested for antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii with indirect fluorescent antibody assays. Blood was tested for Bartonella DNA with a PCR assay. RESULTS: Results of the antibody and PCR assays were negative for all 44 dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge. One control dog had antibodies against B henselae; a second control dog had positive PCR assay results. We did not detect a significant association between assay results and group designation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present study failed to confirm an association between idiopathic rhinitis and exposure to or infection with Bartonella spp in dogs. Findings do not rule out the possibility that Bartonella infection may cause nasal discharge in some dogs, but the failure to find any evidence of exposure to or infection with Bartonella spp in dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge suggested that Bartonella infection was not a common cause of the disease.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the numbers and proportions of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in cell cultures derived from the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory mucosa of dogs. ANIMALS: 7 dogs. PROCEDURES: OB tissue and olfactory mucosa from the nasal cavity and frontal sinus were obtained from euthanatized dogs and prepared for cell culture. At 7, 14, and 21 days of culture in vitro, numbers and proportions of OECs, astrocytes, and fibroblasts were determined via immunocytochemistry. Antibody against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 was used to identify OECs, antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein was used to identify astrocytes, and antibody against fibronectin was used to identify fibroblasts. RESULTS: Cultured OECs derived from the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity and frontal sinus had similar characteristics. However, whereas OECs in the OB cell cultures constituted approximately 50% of the cells at 7 days and approximately 75% at 21 days the proportion of OECs in cultures derived from both mucosal types was much lower, with approximately 40% OECs at 7 days and approximately 25% at 21 days. Analysis of OEC numbers revealed that these changes were accompanied by corresponding decreases and increases in the population of cells with fibronectin receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although olfactory mucosal cell cultures yielded a sufficient number of OECs for spinal cord transplantation procedures in dogs, modification of culture conditions would be required to ensure that the derived cell population contained a sufficient proportion of OECs.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To report the use of dorsal acetabular augmentation (DAA) in canine total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome after a minimum of 1 year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study. ANIMALS: Nine dogs that had THA. METHODS: Ten hips requiring acetabular augmentation for optimum acetabular cup implantation for THA were evaluated retrospectively. The excised femoral head and neck was used as the corticocancellous bone graft for index THA surgeries, and the dorsal crest of the ipsilateral ilial wing was used as the bone graft in 1 dog that had a revision surgery. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were performed at approximately 8 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. Long-term radiographic examinations included use of a standing dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) projection for assessment of graft-recipient boundary. Functional clinical outcome was assessed using direct patient evaluation and telephone interview. RESULTS: One dog failed to regain limb function after surgery. Suspected aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup was observed on radiographs approximately 12 weeks postoperatively. Excluding this single explantation, follow-up physical and radiographic examinations indicated good implant and graft positioning and normal function for all dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Acetabular augmentation permitted implantation of an appropriately sized acetabular cup while maintaining complete DAR coverage of the prosthesis. Nine out of 10 hips had a successful outcome with minimal radiographic and no functional abnormalities. Further follow-up is necessary to determine the long-term outcome of DAR augmentation in canine THA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acetabular augmentation with an autogenous corticocancellous bone graft constructed from the femoral head and neck can provide complete DAR coverage to permit use of an appropriately sized acetabular cup in THA.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the association between clinical characteristics, computed tomography (CT) characteristics, and histologic diagnosis in 43 cats with sinonasal disease. All cats were evaluated with CT and nasopharyngeal endoscopic examination, with histologic diagnosis based on nasal biopsy. Fifteen cats were diagnosed with sinonasal neoplasia and 28 cats were diagnosed with rhinitis. Clinical characteristics determined to be significantly associated with neoplasia were unilateral ocular discharge (odds ratio [OR] 9.6) and the presence of a nasopharyngeal mass during endoscopic examination (OR 18.9). CT characteristics found to be significantly associated with neoplasia included: unilateral lysis of ethmoturbinates (OR 11.0), unilateral lysis of the dorsal (OR 8.3) and lateral maxilla (OR 6.9), lysis of the vomer bone (OR 6.7) and ventral maxilla (OR 28.8), and bilateral lysis of the orbital lamina (OR 4.1); unilateral abnormal soft tissue/fluid within the sphenoid sinus (OR 15.3), frontal sinus (OR 10.4), and/or and retrobulbar space (OR 12.2). Lysis of the maxillary turbinates, nasal septum, nasal bone, palatine bone, and cribriform plate were not significantly associated with sinonasal neoplasia.  相似文献   

20.
A multilobular tumour of bone with left orbital involvement was diagnosed at post mortem examination in an eight-year-old German shepherd cross dog. The tumour resulted in progressive exophthalmos with lateral deviation of the left eye. Radiographs revealed that the mass was mineralised and originated from the left frontal bone with invasion of the left frontal sinus and destruction of the cribriform plate. This is the third reported case of this type of tumour involving the orbit of the dog and thus multilobular tumour of bone should be considered as a differentia] diagnosis of exophthalmos.  相似文献   

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