共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
Gary Wobeser G. Douglas Campbell André Dallaire Scott McBurney 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(12):1251-1256
Information related to infection of wild rodents or lagomorphs in Canada by Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, other Yersinia spp., and Clostridium piliforme was searched for this study. Reports on tularemia in humans linked to these species came from diagnostic databases, literature, wildlife health specialists, and public health agencies. Tularemia has been diagnosed in 8 species of wild rodent and 2 species in the genus Lepus in Canada. Tularemia occurred in wild animals, or in humans associated with these species, in all jurisdictions except the Yukon and Nunavut. Tularemia was diagnosed most frequently in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares, and although tularemia is closely linked to cottontail rabbits in the USA, it has not been reported in cottontails in Canada. Tularemia in humans was associated with muskrats and hares more commonly than with beaver. Plague was diagnosed in bushy-tailed woodrats in British Columbia in 1988. Based on surveys, Y. pestis may occur enzootically in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica has been diagnosed in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares in many provinces. Tyzzer’s disease has been diagnosed in muskrats in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec and in snowshoe hares in Ontario. Infection with these bacteria is likely much more frequent than indicated by diagnostic records. 相似文献
2.
3.
This paper reports results of a study conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven mineral elements in yak blood, forage and water resources around the Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province in different seasons. Meanwhile, the nutritional compositions of the forage were also surveyed. The results suggest that the mineral elements and the forage nutrients change in a seasonal pattern. In yak blood,the sodium(Na)concentration varies from 0.291 to 0.034 mg/mL,and this is lower than the normal value. In the forage,the ratio calcium(Ca)to phosphorus(P)is 4.06～7.47:1 and potassium(K)to Na 30～27:1. These results indicate that the nutrition of the yak in the area is deficient in Na but high in K. For the withered forage sampled in February,the protein content is only 31.14% of the total protein in the forage growing at puerile stage in June. The severe loss of protein by 68. 9% and decrease of effective nutrients in the wintered forage are considered to be the reasons resulting in the poor condition of yak in winter and spring seasons. 相似文献
4.
The changing concentrations and temporal relationships among a PGF2α metabolite (PGFM), progesterone (P4), LH, and estradiol-17β (E2) before, during, and after luteolysis were studied in 10 mares. Blood samples were collected every hour for ≥4 d beginning on day 12 after ovulation. The luteolytic period extended from a decrease in P4 at a common transitional hour (Hour 0) at the end of preluteolysis and beginning of luteolysis to a defined ending when P4 reached 1 ng/mL. The length of luteolysis was 22.9 ± 0.9 h, contrasting with 2 d in published P4 profiles from sampling every 6 to 24 h. In mares with complete data for Hours −40 to −2 (n = 6), PGFM concentrations remained below assay sensitivity (n = 2) or two or three small pulses (peak, 29 ± 4 pg/mL) occurred. During luteolysis, the pulses became more prominent (peak, 193 ± 36 pg/mL). Rhythmicity of PGFM pulses was not detected by a pulsatility program during preluteolysis but was detected in seven of nine mares during luteolysis and postluteolysis combined. The nadir-to-nadir interval for LH pulses and the peak-to-peak interval between adjacent pulses were longer (P < 0.05) during preluteolysis than during luteolysis (nadir to nadir, 5.2 ± 0.3 h vs 3.6 ± 0.4 h; peak to peak, 9.4 ± 1.0 h vs 4.7 ± 0.5 h). Unlike reported findings in cattle, concentrations of P4 decreased linearly within the hours of each PGFM pulse during luteolysis, and a positive effect of an LH pulse on P4 and E2 concentration was not detected. The reported balancing of P4 concentrations between a negative effect of PGF2α and a positive effect of LH in heifers was not detected in mares. 相似文献
5.
Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,Aujeszky’s disease,and porcine parvovirus in replacement gilts in Thailand 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The present study investigated the seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Aujeszky’s disease
virus (ADV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in replacement gilts from selected five swine herds in Thailand. The study consisted
of three parts. First, a retrospective data analysis on the seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
virus (PRRSV) and ADV glycoprotein I (gI) in gilts, sows, boars, nursery, and fattening pigs in five herds (n = 7,030). Second, a cross-sectional study on seroprevalence of PRRSV, ADV, and PPV (n = 200) in replacement gilts. Last, the seroprevalence of PRRSV, ADV, and PPV in gilts culled due to reproductive failure
(n = 166). Across the herds, the seroprevalence of PRRSV and ADV was 79.3% and 5.3%, respectively. The cross-sectional study
revealed that 87.5%, 4.0%, and 99.0% of the replacement gilts were infected with PRRSV, ADV, and PPV, respectively. In the
gilts culled due to reproductive failure, the seroprevalence of PRRSV, ADV, and PPV was 73.5%, 28.3%, and 86.0%, respectively.
Of these culled gilts, 75.5% had been infected with at least two viruses and 18.9% had been infected with all three viruses.
It could be concluded that most of the replacement gilts were exposed to PRRSV (84%), PPV (97%), and ADV (4%) before entering
the breeding house. PPV was an enzootic disease among the selected herds. The prevalence of ADV was higher in gilts culled
due to reproductive disturbance than in the healthy gilts. 相似文献
6.
7.
Cosinor analysis was used to evaluate whether pituitary and adrenal hormones exhibit circadian rhythmicity in horses. The effect of season and animal age on their respective rhythms was also determined. In addition, the usefulness of evaluating cortisol rhythmicity for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) was assessed. Serum cortisol concentrations (P < 0.01), but not plasma ACTH or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), showed a significant circadian periodicity in horses. An effect of season on hormone concentration was observed with plasma ACTH and α-MSH concentration greater in the fall and cortisol concentration greater in the spring (P < 0.001). Age did not affect cortisol rhythm, but it did blunt the variation in cortisol concentration in horses, similar to what has been previously reported to occur in aged people and dogs. In addition, our results suggest that clinically and diagnostically normal, non–PPID-affected horses commonly have a loss of cortisol diurnal rhythm. Therefore, measurement of circadian rhythm is not an appropriate diagnostic test for PPID. 相似文献
8.
Cats are the most important hosts in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals. Serologic and parasitological prevalence of T. gondii were determined in 237 cats from 15 counties in S?o Paulo state, Brazil. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in a 1:25 dilution of serum of 84 (35.4%) out of 237 cats by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Samples of brain, heart, tongue, and limb muscles (total 50 g) of 71 of the seropositive cats were pooled for each cat, digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Faeces (1 g) from the rectum of each cat were examined microscopically for T. gondii-like oocysts and verified by bioassay in mice; T. gondii oocysts were found in the faeces of three (1.3%) of 237 cats. T. gondii was isolated from tissue homogenates of 47 cats. The DNA obtained from these 47 tissue isolates was characterized using the SAG2 locus: 34 (72.4%) isolates were type I, 12 (25.5%) were type III and one (2.1%) was mixed with types I and III. No type II isolates were detected. Most (23/34) of the type I isolates killed all infected mice and 7 of 12 type III isolates did not kill infected mice. Characterization of the SAG2 locus directly from tissue homogenates from 37 of 46 cats was successful. Genotypes obtained from these primary samples were the same as those from the corresponding isolates obtained in mice. Genotyping of the three oocyst isolates revealed that two were type I and one was type III. Molecular and biologic characteristics of T. gondii isolates from animals from Brazil are different from those from other parts of the world. 相似文献
9.
S.M. Simmerson P.J. Armstrong A. Wünschmann C.R. Jessen L.J. Crews R.J. Washabau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):331-337
Background
A poorly understood protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) disorder has been reported in Yorkshire Terrier dogs.Objectives
To describe clinical features, intestinal histopathology, and outcome in Yorkshire Terrier dogs with PLE, and to identify variables predictive of outcome.Animals
Thirty client‐owned Yorkshire Terrier dogs with PLE.Methods
Retrospective study. Records of dogs with a diagnosis of PLE were reviewed. Intestinal histopathology was interpreted using the World Small Animal Veterinary Association gastrointestinal histopathology classification system. Discriminate analysis techniques were used to identify variables predictive of outcome.Results
Females outnumbered males (20/30). Median age was 7 years (range 1–12). Common clinical signs were diarrhea (20/30), vomiting (11), ascites and abdominal distension (11), and respiratory difficulty (8). Histopathologic abnormalities included villous lymphatic dilatation, crypt lesions, villous stunting, and variable increases in cellularity of the lamina propria. All dogs were treated with glucocorticoids. Of 23 dogs with long‐term follow‐up, 9 had complete, and 3 had partial, resolution of signs, and 11 failed to respond to treatment. Median survival of responders was 44 months and of nonresponders was 12 months, with 4 dogs experiencing peracute death. Vomiting, monocytosis, severity of hypoalbuminemia, low blood urea nitrogen concentration, and villous blunting were predictive of survival <4 months.Conclusions
In addition to classic GI signs, Yorkshire Terriers with PLE often show clinical signs associated with hypoalbuminemia and low oncotic pressure. Lymphatic dilatation, crypt lesions, and villous stunting are consistent histopathologic findings. Clinical outcomes are variable, but many dogs experience remission of clinical signs and prolonged survival. 相似文献10.
Padet Tummaruk Pannin Surapat Sutharat Sriariyakun Oraphan Seemakram Em-on Olanratmanee Rachod Tantilertcharoen Roongroj Thanawongnuwech 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):771-779
The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Thailand between 2005 and 2010. The study was conducted by retrospectively investigating the detection of PRRSV from different pig types including boars, sows, piglets, nursery pigs, and fattening pigs from six regions of Thailand, i.e., the northern, eastern, northeastern, central, western, and southern parts. The data were obtained from cases submitted to the Chulalongkorn University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for PRRSV detection between 2005 and 2010. Frequency analyses and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the prevalence of PRRSV in relation to various factors. In total, 2,273 tissues (n?=?636), semen (n?=?210) and serum (n?=?1,427) samples were included. PRRSV was detected in 32.6 % (740/2,273) of the pigs. The virus was found in 43.1 %, 15.7 %, and 30.3 % in the tissues, semen, and serum samples, respectively (P?<?0.001). The prevalence of PRRSV was highest in 2005 (43.6 %) and lowest in 2009 (23.6 %) (P?<?0.001). The prevalence of PRRSV was highest in nursery pigs (43.7 %) and lowest in boars (15.4 %) (P?<?0.001). The prevalence of PRRSV in the hot season (34.9 %) was higher than that found in the cool season (28.1 %, P?=?0.018) but did not differ significantly compared to rainy season (34.0 %, P?=?0.486). The strain of PRRSV isolated in the present study was genotype 2 (54.5 %), genotype 1 (31.0 %), and mixed genotypes (14.5 %). It can be concluded that PRRSV was detected in the tissue samples more frequently than the semen and serum samples. The prevalence of PRRSV was high in the nursery pigs. A high prevalence of PRRSV was found in the hot season, indicating that climatic factors may also contribute to the prevalence of PRRSV in Thailand. Of all the PRRSV detected, 31.0 %, 54.5 %, and 14.5 % belonged to genotype 1, genotype 2, and mixed genotypes, respectively. 相似文献
11.
12.
1. Alterations in glucose tolerance and, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline responses in dexamethasone (DXM)‐treated (induced hypocorticalism) chicks have been evaluated chronologically during the first month of development of White Leghorn chicks.
2. Alterations in glucose tolerance and, insulin resistance and glucagon and adrenalin responses in dexamethasonised chicks were recorded. Control chicks too displayed differential glucose tolerance and, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline responses on a chronological basis.
3. The observations suggest increased insulin and adrenaline sensitivity in the first fortnight and gradually increasing glucagon response in the second fortnight in neonatal chicks.
4. Furthermore, increased insulin sensitivity and attenuated glucagon responsiveness was also associated with DXM‐induced hypocorticalism. 相似文献
13.
Taíssa Cook Siqueira Soares Marcelo Gottschalk Sonia Lacouture Jane Megid Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja Antonio Carlos Paes 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(4):279-284
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen in the swine industry. This article is the first to report the occurrence, risk factors, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. suis recovered from employees and environmental samples of swine slaughterhouses in Brazil. Tonsillar swabs from all 139 pig-slaughtering employees and 261 environmental swabs were collected for detection of S. suis and serotyping by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk-diffusion method. Although S. suis was not detected in any of the tested employees, it was isolated from 25% of the environmental samples. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the occurrence of S. suis were observed between slaughterhouses and between areas of low, medium, and high risk. The most frequent serotypes were 4 and 29, each accounting for 12% of the isolates, followed by 5, 12, 21, and 31, each accounting for 6%. High rates of susceptibility to the antimicrobials doxycycline (100%), ceftiofur (94%), ampicillin (81%), and cephalexin (75%) were observed. However, multidrug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Because S. suis is present in the environment of swine slaughterhouses, on carcasses and knives, as well as on the hands of employees in all areas, all employees are at risk of infection. 相似文献
14.
This article used ethnographic methods to examine how Ohio hunters’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices affect risk exposure to infectious disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hunters from Southeast Ohio, and an online survey was distributed to a random sample of licensed Ohio hunters. Data analyses indicated that Ohio hunters learn about wildlife disease through word-of-mouth, hunting publications, and online sources. They perceived low-to-no risk of exposure to infectious diseases. Although hunters were generally knowledgeable about infectious wildlife diseases, they were more concerned about the impact on wildlife populations than their own health. The results contribute to a better understanding of the role of hunter behavior in response to disease events, the identification of future interventions that would most effectively inform hunters about wildlife diseases, and how to minimize their risk of exposure. 相似文献
15.
Hamscher G 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,111(7):288-291
Within the European Union, food safety and consumer protection are topics of highest priority. The evaluation of the safety of contaminants and residues in food is usually based on the determination of the acceptable daily intake (ADI), which in turn is the basis for maximum residue levels (MRLs). As this procedure depends on animal testing, a safety factor of 100 is usually applied to provide a margin of safety. This paper discusses the occurrence of relevant contaminants (e.g. dioxins, acrylamide) and residues (e.g. antibiotics, antiparasitic agents) in food and provides a brief assessment of the risks resulting from the consumption of food containing these substances. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2020,47(1):47-52
ObjectiveTo quantify the peripheral selectivity of vatinoxan (L-659,066, MK-467) in dogs by comparing the concentrations of vatinoxan, dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine in plasma and central nervous system (CNS) tissue after intravenous (IV) coadministration of vatinoxan and medetomidine.Study designExperimental, observational study.AnimalsA group of six healthy, purpose-bred Beagle dogs (four females and two males) aged 6.5 ± 0.1 years (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsAll dogs were administered a combination of medetomidine (40 μg kg−1) and vatinoxan (800 μg kg−1) as IV bolus. After 20 minutes, the dogs were euthanized with an IV overdose of pentobarbital (140 mg kg−1) and both venous plasma and CNS tissues (brain, cervical and lumbar spinal cord) were harvested. Concentrations of dexmedetomidine, levomedetomidine and vatinoxan in all samples were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and data were analyzed with nonparametric tests with post hoc corrections where appropriate.ResultsAll dogs became deeply sedated after the treatment. The CNS-to-plasma ratio of vatinoxan concentration was approximately 1:50, whereas the concentrations of dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine in the CNS were three- to seven-fold of those in plasma.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWith the doses studied, these results confirm the peripheral selectivity of vatinoxan in dogs, when coadministered IV with medetomidine. Thus, it is likely that vatinoxan preferentially antagonizes α2-adrenoceptors outside the CNS. 相似文献
18.
19.
Raj Kumar Singh Ruchi Tiwari Senthilkumar Natesan Rekha Khandia 《The Veterinary quarterly》2019,39(1):26-55
Nipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens. 相似文献
20.
J. F. M. Nouws T. B. Vree M. Baakman F. Driessens L. Vellenga D. J. Mevius 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(2):123-135
Summary Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution experiments were conducted in pigs to which sulphadimidine (SDM) was administered intravenously, orally, and intramuscularly at a dosage of 20 mg SDM/kg. SDM was acetylated extensively, but neither hydroxy metabolites nor their derivatives could be detected in plasma, edible tissues or urine. Following i.v. and two oral routes of administration, the N4‐acetylsulphadimidine (N4‐SDM) concentration‐time curve runs parallel to that of SDM. The percentage of N4‐SDM in plasma was in the range between 7 and 13.5% of the total sulphonamide concentration. The bioavailability of SDM administered in a drench was 88.9 ± 5.4 % and administered mixed with pelleted feed for 3 consecutive days it was 48.0 ± 11.5 %. The renal clearance of unbound SDM, which was urine flow related, was 1/7 of that of creatinine, indicating reabsorption of the parent drug. The unbound N4SDM was eliminated three times faster than creatinine, indicating that tubular secretion was the predominant mechanism of excretion. After i.v. administration, 51.9 % of the administered dose was recovered in urine within 72 h p.i., one quarter of which as SDM and three quarters as N4‐SDM. Tissue distribution data obtained at 26, 74, 168, and 218 h after i.m. injection revealed that the highest SDM concentration was found in plasma. The SDM concentration in muscle, liver, and kidney ranged from one third to one fifth of that in plasma. The N4‐SDM formed a minor part of the sulphonamide content in edible tissues, in which the SDM as well as the N4‐SDM concentration parallelled the plasma concentrations. Negative results obtained with a semi‐quantitative bioassay method, based on monitoring of urine or plasma, revealed that the SDM concentration levels in edible tissues were in that case below 0. 1μ/g tissue. 相似文献