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试验旨在研究中药常山散的体外抑菌活性。分别采用试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板稀释法及营养琼脂稀释法对选用的12种致病菌进行抑菌试验,测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,进行抗菌作用量效关系研究,并通过牛津杯法观察药物抑菌效果。试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板法结果表明,常山散对链球菌属和芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果较强,MIC在15.6~62.5 mg/mL之间;对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠杆菌有较弱的抑菌作用,MIC在250~500 mg/mL之间;对真菌的抑菌作用最弱,MIC值 > 500 mg/mL,其抑菌强度大小依次为：链球菌属、芽孢杆菌、肠杆菌、真菌。营养琼脂稀释法结果表明,常山散对变形杆菌、白色念珠菌及黑曲霉具有一定的抑菌作用,MIC约为500 mg/mL,而对其他链球菌属、肠杆菌属及芽孢杆菌属细菌的抑菌效果较弱,MIC值均 > 500 mg/mL。牛津杯法抑菌活性研究结果显示,常山散药液（500 mg/mL）对12种菌均有一定的抑菌效果,但抑菌效果较弱,绝大多数抑菌环直径≤10 mm。牛津杯周围可见明显的药物作用圈,作用圈内细菌数量较其他部位明显减少。综合以上试验结果,中药常山散对常见致病菌均具有一定抑菌效果,但由于药物本身的特性及有效组分含量较低,其抑菌作用效果较弱。 相似文献
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为了探索中草药在防治狐狸绿脓杆菌引起的肺炎疾病中的作用,筛选出针对该菌具有较好抑菌作用的中草药,试验以临床分离的绿脓杆菌为研究对象,采用水提法提取中草药有效成分,琼脂平板打孔法测定抑菌圈,改良微量二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明:诃子、苏木、夏枯草、连翘、乌梅有较好的抑菌作用,尤其是乌梅抑菌作用最好,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)均为15.63 mg/m L。说明中草药在防治由绿脓杆菌引起的出血性肺炎方面具有一定的抑菌作用。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2018,(24)
为了探讨中草药对狐狸源腐生葡萄球菌的体外抑菌效果,筛选出针对腐生葡萄球菌具有较好抑菌作用的药物,试验以临床分离的狐狸源腐生葡萄球菌为试验菌株,采用水煎法提取中草药有效成分,琼脂平板打孔法测定中草药抑菌圈直径,试管二倍稀释法测定中草药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明:苏木和诃子对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好,抑菌圈直径分别为28 mm、23 mm;苏木和诃子对腐生葡萄球菌的MIC均为3. 91 mg/mL,MBC分别为3. 91 mg/mL、7. 81 mg/mL,相对其他中草药来说这二种药物的MIC和MBC均较小。说明日常常用的中草药具有一定的抑菌作用,而苏木和诃子的抑菌、杀菌效果相对较好。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(17)
为了探讨清热消炎类藏药方剂对临床常见致病菌的抑菌作用,试验采用琼脂打孔法研究了15种藏药对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌效果,通过倍比稀释法测定部分药物对敏感菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并绘制帮间久埃作用36 h的细菌生长曲线。结果表明:帮间久埃、仁青芒觉、六味丁香丸、七味红花殊胜丸对金黄色葡萄球菌均有显著抑菌作用,帮间久埃对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC介于6.25~12.5 mg/m L之间,仁青芒觉、六味丁香丸、七味红花殊胜丸的MIC介于12.5~25 mg/m L之间,但对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌作用较弱。说明部分藏药方剂对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑菌作用。 相似文献
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为了对新疆地锦草提取物的体外抗氧化及抑菌活性进行初步研究,通过测定醇提物还原力、清除羟基自由基和DPPH·自由基的能力来评价抗氧化能力;采用滤纸片法来测定醇、水两种提取物的抑菌活性,并确定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,新疆地锦草醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力;地锦草醇、水两种提取物对受试菌株均有明显的抑菌作用,其中醇、水两种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度一致,MIC为1.56%。醇提物对枯草芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌的最低抑菌浓度一致,MIC为3.125%,而水提物对枯草芽孢杆菌最低抑菌浓度为12.5%,对变形杆菌最低抑菌浓度为25%。;地锦草两种提取物均有较强的热稳定性,但会受到p H值的影响;表明新疆地锦草提取物有较好的抗氧化和抑菌作用,具有较好的开发应用潜力。 相似文献
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为了研究不同中药与西药对肉鸽沙门氏菌的抑菌作用以及药物抑菌活性MIC和MBC,采用纸片扩散法和琼脂扩散法进行8种西药与4种中药对沙门氏菌的抑菌作用观察。结果显示,西药的抑菌率都在55%以上,而中药的抑菌率都在55%以下,表明西药总体的抑菌活性相对比中药总体的抑菌活性强。西药中氧氟沙星抑菌作用最好,其次是环丙沙星,诺氟沙星、头孢拉定、青霉素钠和庆大霉素的抑菌作用相当,利福平的抑菌作用最弱,四环素完全没有抑菌作用。中药里五倍子的抑菌作用在4个中药中最好,其次是黄连,黄柏和石榴皮的抑菌作用相当。 相似文献
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15种中药对猪大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨黄连等15种中草药对猪大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用,试验采用琼脂扩散法和微量二倍稀释法应用15种中草药水提取物对猪大肠杆菌进行体外抑菌试验,测定抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:黄连、大黄均对大肠杆菌O101呈高度敏感,抑菌圈直径分别为20.8,20.3 mm,其MIC值为7.813 mg/m L,抑菌效果最好;黄芩、黄柏、金银花呈中度敏感,其MIC值为31.25 mg/m L;而苦参、马齿苋、败酱草等不敏感,其MIC值为500 mg/m L,抑菌效果差。 相似文献
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5种中药和28种抗生素对养殖鳗鲡致病菌的抑制作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法分别测定了5种中药（五倍子、虎杖、黄芩、大黄、石榴皮）和28种抗生素对养殖病鳗中分离到的5株病原菌（创伤弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌）的体外抑菌作用。结果表明,5种中药对5株致病菌均具有较好的抑菌效果,MIC范围为0.125-1.500 mg/mL,平均抑菌作用依次为五倍子〉虎杖〉黄芩〉大黄〉石榴皮,其中五倍子抑菌作用最强,平均MIC为0.200 mg/mL。28种抗生素药物敏感试验结果表明,5株致病菌均对利福平、链霉素、庆大霉素、哌拉西林、青霉素G、强力霉素、头孢曲松、头孢克洛、头孢噻吩、头孢唑啉10种抗生素药物敏感,对奥格门丁、阿奇霉素耐药。 相似文献
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Antibiotic susceptibility testing: caeci caecos ducentes? 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Antibiotic susceptibility testing is frequently conducted by diagnostic laboratories and some clinicians rely on the information which such testing provides. In this review of the procedure the rationale for interpretation of the agar diffusion test is outlined and the factors which affect determination of zone size and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) discussed. The relationship between zone size and MIC is considered, as well as the clinical relevance of MIC breakpoints. Against this background we assess the value of disc diffusion tests for veterinary practice. 相似文献
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中药对鸡致病性大肠埃希菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究25种中药对秦皇岛地区鸡致病性大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)地方流行株QH1(O78)、QH2(O89)、QH4(O1)的体外抑菌效果,以E.coli标准株ATCC25922作为质控菌株。利用水提法制备中药药液,使终浓度为1g/mL;用平板琼脂打孔法和改良微量二倍稀释-平板法分别测定25种中药的抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,金银花、黄连、乌梅、五味子4种中药对鸡致病性E.coli地方株极度敏感,抑菌圈直径在20.3mm~22.7mm之间,其MIC在15.65mg/mL~31.25mg/mL之间;其他药物对鸡致病性E.coli地方株有不同程度的敏感性,为鸡致病性E.coli地方株中药防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
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50种中草药体外抑杀嗜水气单胞菌的药效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选有效抑制嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)的中草药,以期为水产养殖业中防治该菌引起的疾病提供实验依据.本研究采用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了地榆等50种中草药对A.hydrophila的抑制作用,并用二倍稀释法测定抑菌效果较强的25种中草药对A.hydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC).结果显示地榆的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌圈直径达20mm以上,MIC为3.91 mg/mL,MBC为7.81 mg/mL;黄连等24种中草药有一定的抑菌和杀菌效果,巴戟天等25种中草药无抑菌作用.结果表明地榆对A.hydrophila的体外抑制效果最好. 相似文献
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In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 12 Hungarian isolates and the type strain ATCC 33144 of Actinobaculum suis to different antimicrobial compounds was determined both by the agar dilution and by the disc diffusion method. By agar dilution, MIC50 values in the range of 0.05-3.125 micrograms/ml were determined for penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, tylosin, pleuromutilins, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and lincomycin. The MIC50 value of oxytetracycline and spectinomycin was 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. For ofloxacin, flumequine, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim MIC50 values were in the range of 25-100 micrograms/ml. With the disc diffusion method, all strains were sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins examined, chloramphenicol and florfenicol, tetracyclines examined, pleuromutilins, lincomycin and tylosin. Variable sensitivity was observed for fluoroquinolones (flumequine, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin), most of the strains were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Almost all strains were resistant to aminoglycosides but most of them were sensitive to spectinomycin. A strong correlation was determined for disc diffusion and MIC results (Spearman's rho 0.789, p < 0001). MIC values of the type strain and MIC50 values of other tested strains did not differ significantly. Few strains showed a partially distinct resistance pattern for erythromycin, lincomycin and ampicillin in both methods. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of Aspergillus niger strains isolated from birds to available antifungal drugs using different in vitro assays--classical disk diffusion, Etest and broth microdilution NCCLS/CLSI M 38-A. The study material consisted of about 2.000 swabs and samples from different species of birds. A. niger (n=10) was accounted for 6.81% of the total pool of strains isolated. Determinations were made for 13 antifungal drugs using the disk diffusion method. The A. niger exhibited high susceptibility to enilconazole, terbinafine, voriconazole, tioconazole and ketoconazole, low susceptibility to clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin, and resistance to amphotericin B, itraconazole, pimaricin, fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 9 antifungal drugs using the micromethod of duplicate serial dilutions in a liquid medium. A. niger strains were most susceptible to enilconazole and voriconazole. MIC ranged from 0.0625 to 0.5 microg/ml for enilconazole, with MIC90-0.5 microg/ml and MIC50-0.125 microg/ml. The corresponding values for voriconazole were 0.25-1 microg/ml, 1 microg/ml and 0.5 microg/ml. MIC for amphotericin B and terbinafine ranged from 0.5 to 4 microg/ml, while the values for the remaining drugs were highly varied. MIC was measured by the gradient diffusion method using Etest for 5 antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole. By far the highest susceptibility was obtained in the case of voriconazole, with MIC ranging from 0.0625 to 1 microg/ml. MIC for amphotericin B ranged from 0.25 to 4 microg/ml, for itraconazole and ketoconazole ranging from 0.5 to 16 microg/ml. Methods available for this purpose are not always applicable in field conditions. The present results indicate that the Etest technique, due to its high percentage of agreement with the M 38-A microdilution method, should find application in medical and veterinary practice. 相似文献
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不同中药复方对3种鸡细菌性腹泻病原菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为研究中药复方对3种鸡细菌性腹泻病原菌的抑制效果,采用纸片法对自拟的6个中药复方进行敏感性试验,并用试管二倍法测定中药复方的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,6个中药复方均具有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中复方4对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果较好,平均抑菌圈直径为21.2 mm,平均MIC值为62.5 mg/mL;复方1对沙门氏菌效果较好,平均抑菌圈直径为19.8 mm,平均MIC值为41.7 mg/mL;复方3对多杀性巴氏杆菌效果较好,平均抑菌圈直径为23.3 mm,平均MIC值为3.92 mg/mL,3个复方均呈高度敏感。表明中药复方可以用于鸡细菌性腹泻的防治。 相似文献
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Lukásová J Abraham B Cupáková S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(2):77-81
The study was carried out to investigate the incidence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw materials, foodstuffs and the agricultural environment. Of a total of 987 samples examined, 22 strains (2.2%) were identified as E. coli O157 and 10 of them as E. coli O157:H7. Cefixime-Tellurite MacConkey sorbitol agar (CT-SMAC) agar and Biosynth culture medium (BCM) E. coli O157:7 medium were used for the isolation. The virulence factors (stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes) were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most strains were isolated from the mechanically deboned poultry meat (nine), minced meat (six) and raw milk (four). One strain was isolated from beef carcass and two strains from waste water. No strains were were found in mass for sausages, refreshment salads, swabs of pork and poultry carcasses and faeces of cattle and pigs. Ten strains from the 22 identified proved to be positive for all factors of virulence. They were isolated from minced meat (four), raw milk (four), waste water (one) and swab from beef carcass (one). Sensitivity to the antimicrobial drugs ampicillin (AMS), ampicillin-sublactam (SAM), tetracycline (TET), ofloxacine (OFL), cefuroxime (CRX), chloramphenicol (CPM), gentamicine (GEN), colistin (COL), cephalozine (CLZ), cefoxitin (CXT), aztreonam (AZT), and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim (COT) was tested using the standard dilution technique and disc diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) characteristics (MIC(50), MIC(90), MIC range) and inhibitory zone diameter were determined for each strain. As determined by MICs, the resistance to tested antibiotics in E. coli O157 isolates was found to AMS (90.9%), CLZ (81.8%), CRX (63.6%), CXT (72.7%), CPM (72.7%), TET (81.8%), SAM (59.1%), COT (9.1%), COL (63.61%), AZT (9%) and GEN (4.5%). The similar results were obtained using the disc diffusion method. The differences were found relating to SAM, CXT, CMO and TET. Resistance against one or more antibiotics was found in 95.4% of E. coli O157. Only one strain was susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and cephalozine. Eight different resistance phenotypes were demonstrated in E. coli O157. 相似文献
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黄连汤对鸭疫里默氏菌的抑菌作用及对菌体形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究中药复方黄连汤水提醇沉浓缩物(Ethanol extracts ofCoptidis rhizomadecoction,EeCrd)对鸭疫里默氏菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)的体外抑菌规律及其对菌体形态的影响。黄连汤经水提醇沉后,减压浓缩,制成含生药176g.L-1的EeCrd原液。用PBS将原液倍比稀释成88、88×2-1、88×2-2……88×2-9g.L-1等11个梯度浓度的药液。用纸片扩散法和液体倍比稀释法研究EeCrd完全抑菌时的最小抑菌浓度和不完全抑菌时的亚抑菌浓度;取88和88×2-3g.L-1EeCrd浓度组药液分别作用17和3、6、17h后的细菌,用透射电镜观察菌体形态的变化。纸片扩散法和液体倍比稀释法测定的EeCrd完全抑制RA时的最小浓度均为88×2-2g.L-1,不完全抑菌时亚抑菌浓度为88×2-3g.L-1;88×2-4g.L-1以上稀释度EeCrd基本无抑菌活性;50μL的88g.L-1浓度组的EeCrd作用RA17h后,RA菌体浓缩,变小,最终死亡;50μL的88×2-3g.L-1浓度组的EeCrd作用RA3、6、17h后,RA菌体长度变长,细胞壁变薄,菌内颜色变浅,皱褶减少,纹理不均匀,菌体干瘪、折叠、弯曲,最终死亡。EeCrd可能通过破坏RA外膜结构来抑制细菌增殖。 相似文献