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母猪繁殖性能的高低直接影响现代集约化养猪的生产成绩。影响母猪繁殖性能的因素很多,例如品种、管理、环境和营养等。本文综述了营养和饲养管理对母猪繁殖性能的调控。1营养因子对母猪繁殖性能的影响1.1能量和氨基酸能量和氨基酸摄入量对泌乳和随后的繁殖性能均很重要。葡萄糖 相似文献
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母猪生产性能对整个养猪生产及效益关系重大.母猪繁殖周期的各阶段是相互联系的统一体,某一阶段的营养能影响继后阶段及更后时期的生产性能.近年来,国外对母猪各阶段的营养需要及营养对繁殖的影响进行了大量的研究,现将母猪的能量和蛋白质营养研究的一些最近进展作一简要综述.1 妊娠期 相似文献
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母猪饲养是养猪生产中最重要的环节之一。母猪的营养状况不仅直接影响仔猪的生产性能 而且对母猪的使用寿命也会产生很大的影响。由于影响母猪营养需要量的因素较多 如品种胎次母猪体况产仔数泌乳量哺乳期长短等 加上研究周期长 工作量大 又缺乏经费 我国在母猪蛋白质氨基酸营养方面 综述和摘译国外的资料较多 而创新试验研究较少 下面就国内有关这方面的报道作一简述。 《中国饲料》2000,(15):17-19
母猪饲养是养猪生产中最重要的环节之一。母猪的营养状况不仅直接影响仔猪的生产性能 ,而且对母猪的使用寿命也会产生很大的影响。由于影响母猪营养需要量的因素较多 ,如品种、胎次、母猪体况、产仔数、泌乳量、哺乳期长短等 ,加上研究周期长 ,工作量大 ,又缺乏经费 ,我国在母猪蛋白质氨基酸营养方面 ,综述和摘译国外的资料较多 ,而创新试验研究较少 ,下面就国内有关这方面的报道作一简述。1 母猪蛋白质饲料卢福庄等 (1 993)在 6～ 8月龄和配种后至第二胎后 2 0ｄ期间 ,分别以菜籽粕 (含硫代葡萄糖苷 3 7ｍｇ/ｇ)替代饲粮中豆饼蛋白质 0、2… 相似文献
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繁殖性能是母猪的重要经济性状,是影响养殖效益的关键性状。日粮营养对母猪繁殖性能具有较大的影响调控作用,日粮中的蛋白质和氨基酸、能量、粗纤维、维生素和微量元素以及饲料添加剂等日粮营养因子对母猪的繁殖性能均具有调控作用。本文就近几年关于改善母猪繁殖性能的日粮营养调控措施的研究加以综述,为改善母猪的繁殖性能以及相关研究提供理论依据和思路。 相似文献
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母猪妊娠后期是母猪乳腺及胎猪快速发育的重要时期,为处于这一时期的母猪配制营养水平适宜的日粮对提高母猪繁殖效率尤为重要。妊娠后期母猪乳腺发育及胎猪的生长对能量、蛋白质及氨基酸的需求不同,如何给妊娠母猪提供合理的营养,在满足胎猪生长发育的同时满足乳腺发育的需要研究还比较少。作者主要介绍了母猪妊娠后期日粮中的能量、蛋白质及氨基酸水平对乳腺发育及胎猪生长的影响,同时提出母猪妊娠后期能量、蛋白质及氨基酸的需要量及合理比例,以期为养猪生产者提供参考。 相似文献
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在现代养猪业中,母猪繁殖性能（产仔数、产仔间隔、初生重、受胎率、弱仔、断奶头数、断奶个体重等）是衡量养猪生产经济效益的重要指标之一。但随着母猪胎次增加,母猪的营养需要（蛋白质、氨基酸、能量、维生素、矿物元素等）发生了变化. 相似文献
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母猪的繁殖性能对养猪生产效益具有重大影响。母猪的繁殖性状属于低遗传力性状,其性能的优劣受外界因素的影响较大。胎次、配种季节和分娩季节、营养水平、环境(高温、光照等)以及饲养管理等非遗传因素对母猪繁殖性能具有重大的影响。笔者就国内外对影响母猪繁殖性能的非遗传因素的研究加以综述,阐述非遗传因素对母猪繁殖性能的影响,旨在为提高母猪的繁殖性能提供思路和依据,进而改善养猪生产的效益。 相似文献
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Late gestation is an important period for rapid development of the sow's mammary gland and fetus. It is becoming more and more important to provide a suitable nutrient level in late gestation period for improve the reproductive efficiency of sow. Demand of energy, protein and amino acids for mammary gland and fetus in sows at late gestation are different. To provide reasonable nutrition for fetus, at the same time for the needs of mammary gland are still seldom reported. In this paper, the effects of dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels on the development of mammary gland and the growth of fetus were reviewed,the authors propose the requirement of energy, protein amino acid and reasonable proportion in sows at late gestation, in order to give some guidance for pig farmers. 相似文献
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Knowledge about the amino acid requirements and the response of pigs to the amino acid supply is essential in feed formulation. A deficient AA supply results in a reduction in performance while an oversupply is costly and leads to excessive nitrogen excretion with a potentially negative environmental impact. Amino acid requirements are determined to a large extent by the protein deposition in the body and, for lactating sows, by the protein exported in the milk. The concept of ideal protein was developed more than 50 years ago and refers to a protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets the animal’s requirement so that all amino acids are equally limiting for performance. Because Lys typically is the first-limiting amino acid, the ideal amino acid profile is often expressed relative to Lys. Although the ideal protein profile is often assumed to be constant for a given production stage, (small) changes in the ideal protein profile can occur within a production stage. This can be caused by changes in the relative contribution of the different components of amino acid requirements during the productive life on the animal (e.g. changes in the relative contribution of growth and maintenance). Amino acids requirements can be determined experimentally using dose–response studies. The design of the study, the chosen response criterion, and the statistical model affect the requirement estimate. Although considerable experimental work has been carried out to determine the requirements for Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp in growing pigs (and to a lesser extent in sows), little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids. Experimental dose–response studies generally focus on the requirement and less on the overall response (i.e. what are the consequences of an amino acid deficiency?). This latter aspect is, to some extent, accounted for in modelling approaches that quantify the response of the animal to the amino acid supply in a dynamic way. The paper describes the origin of ideal protein and illustrates how fundamental concepts of amino acid nutrition have been integrated in practical modeling approaches for the nutrition of growing pigs and sows. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(3)
Knowledge about the amino acid requirements and the response of pigs to the amino acid supply is essential in feed formulation.A deficient AA supply results in a reduction in performance while an oversupply is costly and leads to excessive nitrogen excretion with a potentially negative environmental impact.Amino acid requirements are determined to a large extent by the protein deposition in the body and,for lactating sows,by the protein exported in the milk.The concept of ideal protein was developed more than 50 years ago and refers to a protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets the animal's requirement so that all amino acids are equally limiting for performance.Because Lys typically is the first-limiting amino acid,the ideal amino acid profile is often expressed relative to Lys.Although the ideal protein profile is often assumed to be constant for a given production stage,(small) changes in the ideal protein profile can occur within a production stage.This can be caused by changes in the relative contribution of the different components of amino acid requirements during the productive life on the animal(e.g.changes in the relative contribution of growth and maintenance).Amino acids requirements can be determined experimentally using dose-response studies.The design of the study,the chosen response criterion,and the statistical model affect the requirement estimate.Although considerable experimental work has been carried out to determine the requirements for Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp in growing pigs(and to a lesser extent in sows),little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids.Experimental dose-response studies generally focus on the requirement and less on the overall response(i.e.what are the consequences of an amino acid deficiency?).This latter aspect is,to some extent,accounted for in modelling approaches that quantify the response of the animal to the amino acid supply in a dynamic way.The paper describes the origin of ideal protein and illustrates how fundamental concepts of amino acid nutrition have been integrated in practical modeling approaches for the nutrition of growing pigs and sows. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究仔猪出生后10~20 d,早期断奶仔猪小肠谷氨酸转运载体基因表达情况与哺乳仔猪的差异。试验分别从40头不同母猪的仔猪中各选出体重相近,10日龄的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪1头,共40头仔猪,随机不配对分为2组,每组20头仔猪,对照组(哺乳组)为哺乳仔猪,随母猪喂养;试验组(断奶组)为断奶仔猪,隔离断奶饲养;试验期10 d。饲养结束,每组随机取12只仔猪,宰杀取空肠和回肠,测定谷氨酸转运载体兴奋性氨基酸转运载体1(EAAC1)蛋白质表达情况和游离氨基酸含量。结果显示,断奶显著降低了仔猪空肠和回肠EAAC1(57和73 ku)及其相关蛋白谷氨酸转运联合蛋白(GTRAP3-18)(50 ku)的蛋白质和mRNA表达量(P0.05)。断奶提高了仔猪空肠游离谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量,却降低了仔猪回肠游离谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量,差异显著(P0.05)。结果提示,早期断奶降低EAAC1和GTRAP3-18的蛋白质含量,这可能与早期断奶仔猪遭受营养谷氨酸缺乏导致的肠道氨基酸吸收转运障碍有关。 相似文献
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低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对哺乳母猪生产性能及氮利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究旨在探讨低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对哺乳母猪生产性能及氮利用的影响。选择24头胎次、体重和体况相近的长白×大白哺乳母猪,随机分为4组,每组6头,每头母猪哺育12头仔猪。各组母猪分别饲喂粗蛋白质(CP)18%、17%、16%、14%的饲粮(后3种为低CP氨基酸平衡饲粮),哺乳期21d。结果表明:CP14%饲粮使母猪体重损失显著增加(P<0.05);CP14%饲粮组仔猪断奶窝重和窝增重分别较其他试验组显著下降(P<0.05);CP17%、CP16%饲粮可显著提高母猪CP和有机物的消化率(P<0.05),CP17%、CP16%、CP14%饲粮可显著提高母猪粗脂肪的消化率(P<0.05);CP16%、CP14%饲粮组总氮摄入量、吸收氮、总氮排出量均显著低于其他试验组(P<0.05),CP18%饲粮组血清尿素氮显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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影响母猪繁殖性能的营养因素及调控措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来随着中国养猪业不断规模化、集约化的发展,如何提高母猪的繁殖性能已成为养猪行业的热点。母猪的繁殖性能受遗传、营养、环境、健康状况等因素综合影响,其中营养因素是十分重要的因素之一。在母猪饲养管理的不同阶段采取一些简单可行的营养学方法,会显著提高母猪繁殖性能。作者在分析影响母猪繁殖性能的营养因素的基础上,提出了在母猪不同饲养阶段所采取的营养调控措施。 相似文献