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1.
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2.
The goal of this study was to determine the significance of tumour depth, tumour location and multiple synchronous tumour masses for the prognostic evaluation of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). The study population consisted of 100 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cutaneous MCTs that had been surgically removed from 100 dogs and submitted to the Diagnostic Center of Population and Animal Health at Michigan State University between 1998 and 2001. None of the dogs had received chemotherapy or radiation therapy. For each case the following data were obtained from the referring veterinarians: sex, breed, weight, age at diagnosis, diagnostics performed, adjunct medications given at the time of surgery, tumour location, number of tumour masses, tumour recurrence (development of MCTs at the surgical site), development of additional MCTs at distant sites (outside the surgical margins), tumour duration before removal, survival time and cause of death, if applicable. Tumour depth was determined through microscopic evaluation of 5 microm sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Based on univariable and multivariable survival analysis, dogs with multiple synchronous cutaneous MCTs at the time of diagnosis have a worse prognosis compared with dogs with single tumours. Additional treatment beyond surgical excision alone should be considered for these animals. Older dogs and Boxers with cutaneous MCTs were at higher risk to develop additional MCTs at distant sites (outside the surgical margins), and older and male dogs with cutaneous MCTs had significantly shorter survival times. Univariable analysis also determined that dogs with cutaneous MCTs located on the head and neck had an increased risk of additional MCT development at distant sites and that sterilized dogs with cutaneous MCTs had shorter survival times. However, these findings were not confirmed by multivariable analysis. Tumour depth was of no prognostic significance for dogs with cutaneous MCTs.  相似文献   

3.
Published outcomes for dogs with specifically high‐grade mast cell tumours (MCTs), controlled for clinical stage, are few. Clinical outcomes for 49 dogs with Kiupel high‐grade, clinical stage I, cutaneous MCTs were evaluated. Median survival time (MST) was 1046 days; 1 and 2‐year survival rates were 79.3% and 72.9%, respectively. At study end 24 dogs had died, 23 dogs were alive (median follow‐up 980 days) and 2 dogs were lost to follow‐up. Death was considered MCT‐related in 14 of 20 dogs with a known cause of death. Local tumour recurrence developed in nine dogs (18.4%); regional lymph node metastasis occurred in six dogs (12.2%); and a new MCT developed in 15 dogs (30.1%). Tumour location, histologic margin size and use of chemotherapy did not affect MST; increasing mitotic count (P = .001) and increasing tumour diameter (P = .024) were independently negatively prognostic. Six dogs that developed lymph node metastasis after surgery had worse MST (451 days) than 42 dogs that did not develop metastasis (1645 days); (P < .001). Our study suggests that dogs with local surgical control of clinical stage I histologically high Kiupel grade cutaneous MCT may have a long survival time; especially those with smaller tumours and a lower mitotic count. Our results suggest that evaluation of staging information and mitotic count may be equally helpful as histologic grading when making a prognosis; and highlight the importance of not relying on histologic grade alone when predicting survival for dogs with MCT.  相似文献   

4.
Lomustine for treatment of mast cell tumors in cats: 38 cases (1999-2005)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical activity and toxic effects of lomustine when used to treat cats with mast cell tumors (MCTs). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 38 cats with measurable, histologically or cytologically confirmed MCTs treated with lomustine at a dosage > or = 50 mg/m(2). PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed to determine response to treatment and evidence of drug toxicoses. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate remission duration. RESULTS: 26 cats had cutaneous MCTs, 7 had MCTs of the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2 had gastrointestinal tract MCTs, 2 had hepatic MCTs, and 1 had MCTs involving multiple organs. Targeted lomustine dosage was 50 mg/m(2) in 22 cats and 60 mg/m(2) in 16 cats. Median administered dosage of lomustine was 56 mg/m(2) (range, 48 to 65 mg/m(2)), and median number of doses administered was 2 (range, 1 to 12). Seven cats had a complete response and 12 had a partial response, for an overall response rate of 50%. Median response duration was 168 days (range, 25 to 727 days). The most common toxicoses were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that lomustine had activity against MCTs in cats and was well tolerated. Further, findings suggested that treatment with lomustine should be considered for cats with MCTs for which local treatment is not an option.  相似文献   

5.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to describe the association of cytological assessment of lymph node metastasis with survival and tumour grade in dogs with mast cell tumours. Regional lymph node aspirates of 152 dogs diagnosed with a mast cell tumour were reviewed and classified according to specific cytological criteria for staging. 97 dogs (63.8%) had stage I tumours, and 55 (36.2%) had stage II tumours. Stage II dogs had a significantly shorter survival time than dogs with stage I disease (0.8 and 6.2 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Dogs with grade III mast cell tumours were more likely to have stage II disease (P = 0.004). These results suggest that cytological evaluation of lymph nodes in dogs with mast cell tumours provides useful and valuable clinical information, and the results correlate with tumour grade and outcome thus providing a practical and non‐invasive method for staging.  相似文献   

6.
Medical records of 55 dogs with a diagnosis of cutaneous mast cell tumour were reviewed. Twenty-seven of the dogs were treated with surgery plus deionised water and the remaining 28 with surgery alone. A survival analysis was performed to determine whether deionised water, as an adjunct to surgery for cutaneous mast cell tumour, affected survival time or time to tumour recurrence. Dogs in which mast cell tumour recurred had a significantly shorter survival time compared with dogs with no recurrence (P=0.05), regardless of the method of treatment. A significant negative association between tumour recurrence and method of treatment (P=0.0097) and clinical stage (P=0.0223) was observed. Dogs treated with surgery and deionised water had a significantly shorter time to recurrence of their mast cell tumour (P=0.0113). Based on these results, deionised water does not appear to be beneficial in prolonging survival time or time to tumour recurrence for dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours.  相似文献   

7.
Canine mast cell tumour (MCT) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. The extracellular matrix degradation promoted by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been studied in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the biological behaviour of tumours. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 and ‐2 in canine cutaneous MCTs and to evaluate their prognostic values. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 was performed in 46 canine cases of MCTs. TIMP‐1 expression showed an independent prognostic value for post‐surgical survival and disease‐related mortality. Dogs with MCTs showing less than 22.9% mast cell TIMP‐1 positivity were more prone to die because of the disease and had a shorter post‐surgical survival. This article suggests the involvement of TIMP‐1 in MCT progression, by contributing to a good outcome in patients with MCTs.  相似文献   

8.
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) have a variable biologic behaviour, and accurate staging is necessary to dictate therapy and predict outcome. Regional lymph node (RLN) involvement is a relevant prognostic factor. While obvious lymph node (LN) metastases are relatively easy to be diagnosed, micrometastatic disease recognition is challenging. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the number of mast cells (MCs) in the LNs of clinically healthy dogs ( n = 4, group 1), dogs with inflammatory diseases ( n = 31, group 2) and dogs with cutaneous MCT ( n = 27, group 3), including animals with no RLN metastases (subgroup 3.1), those with occasional MCs in RLNs (3.2) and those with obvious RLN metastasis (3.3). MCs also were morphometrically evaluated for the following nuclear parameters: mean nuclear area (MNA), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP), largest to smallest diameter length (LS ratio), mean nuclear form factor and coefficient of variation of nuclear area. The average percentages of MCs were 0.0 and 0.01 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and 0.07, 2.4 and 47.1 in subgroup 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3. MNA and MNP were significantly higher in subgroup 3.3 than in group 2 ( P < 0.05). MNA and MNP in subgroup 3.2 suggested the presence of neoplastic MCs; this prediction of micrometastatic load correlated with outcome. Analysis of preliminary results shows that nuclear morphometry is useful to detect micrometastatic disease in RLN of dogs bearing cutaneous MCTs.  相似文献   

9.
Splenomegaly in Dogs   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
Splenomegaly confirmed by surgery or necropsy in 100 dogs was diagnosed histologically as benign neoplasia (n = 1), primary splenic malignancy (n = 59), neoplastic metastases (n = 6), and nonneoplastic disease (n = 34). Dogs with known systemic disease, such as lymphoma and mast cell tumor, that caused splenomegaly were not included in the study. Hemangiosarcoma was the most common splenic disease (43 cases). Overall mean age of the dogs was 10.7 years, the most common breed was German Shepherd dog, and 72 of the dogs weighed more than 21 kg. Dogs with anemia, nucleated red blood cells, abnormal red blood cell morphology, or splenic rupture had a significantly greater chance of having splenic neoplasia (P less than 0.002). A multivariable logistic regression analysis found that the presence of anemia and splenic rupture in dogs with splenomegaly was up to 69% accurate in predicting presence of splenic neoplasia. After splenectomy, the median survival time of dogs with splenic neoplasia was 13 weeks. For dogs with nonneoplastic splenomegaly it was at least 36 weeks.  相似文献   

10.
Sixty‐three dogs with multiple contemporaneous cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) were identified. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of breed, concurrent dermatological condition; number of cutaneous MCTs, size, location, histological grade and mitotic index; completeness of excision (complete, close or incomplete); local recurrence, metastasis and adjuvant therapy for the prognostic evaluation of dogs with a unique disease presentation of multiple, simultaneously occurring cutaneous MCTs. On the basis of multivariable survival analysis, dogs with one recorded grade 3 MCT had shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) times (18.7 versus 2.2 months) and median survival times (MSTs) (24 versus 3 months). Dogs treated with adjuvant vinblastine/lomustine had a 16 times increased risk of dying. MSTs were found to be significantly longer in dogs with one recorded MCT on an extremity. For all dogs, the PFS (range 14–1835 days) and MSTs (range 28–1835 days) were not reached.  相似文献   

11.
Evaluation of risk and clinical outcome of mast cell tumours in pug dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mast cell tumours (MCT) are common in dogs and characterized by diverse biologic behaviour. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of MCT in pugs and to describe the clinical behaviour of MCT in this breed. Data obtained from the Veterinary Medicine Database demonstrate significantly increased frequency of MCT in pugs compared with other dogs (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.81–2.86). The medical records for 25 purebred pugs with a histologic diagnosis of MCT were reviewed. Multiple cutaneous tumours were documented in 14 (56 %) of the dogs. Histologic review of 64 tumours from these dogs confirmed that most tumours (94%) were low to intermediate grade. Sixty‐four per cent of these dogs are still living, while only three dogs (12%) have died due to mast cell disease. A median survival time has not been reached. The median follow‐up time is 660 days from the diagnosis of the first MCT. We conclude that MCT in pugs are relatively benign, despite the presence of multiple cutaneous tumours in most cases. Multiple tumours in breeds with predisposition to MCT may indicate separate primaries rather than advanced stage disease.  相似文献   

12.
Objectives : To determine which types of tumour occur in cats up to the age of 12 months based on biopsies submitted to Idexx Laboratories, Wetherby, UK. Methods : Retrospective review of histopathological diagnoses of tumours in cats up to the age of 12 months from biopsies received between September 1993 and March 2008. Results : A total of 4196 submissions from cats 12 months old or younger were identified; 233 biopsies (6%) were neoplastic and fulfilled the search criteria. Tumours were categorised as haematopoietic (n=73, 31%), malignant epithelial (n=44; 19%), malignant mesenchymal (n=38; 16%), benign epithelial (n=37; 16%), benign mesenchymal (n=30, 13%) and miscellaneous (n=11; 5%). The most frequent tumours were lymphoma (n=51; 22%), soft-tissue sarcoma (n=34; 15%), mast cell tumour (n=22; 9%) and squamous cell carcinoma (n=16; 7%). The most common tumour site was the skin and soft tissues (41% of tumours). In all, 164 neoplasms (70%) were malignant or had malignant potential. Clinical Significance : These data provide unique epidemiological information on a poorly characterised subgroup of feline cancer patients in the UK.  相似文献   

13.
Mast cell tumour (MCT) is one of the most frequent skin tumours in dogs. Due to their unpredictable biological behaviour, MCTs often cause several therapeutic frustrations, leading to investigation regarding prognostic markers. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme that promotes extracellular matrix stability and contributes to cell migration, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Its expression positively correlates with poor prognoses in several human and canine mammary cancers. The aim of this study was to characterise the immunohistochemical expression of LOX in MCT samples and compare it with histological grading and post-surgical survival. Twenty-six tumours were submitted to immunohistochemistry for LOX expression evaluation. All samples were positive for LOX, with variable percentages of cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Cytoplasmic positivity was significantly higher in high-grade MCTs (P = .0297). Our results indicate that high expression of cytoplasmic LOX in neoplastic mast cells is an indicator of poor prognosis for canine cutaneous MCTs.  相似文献   

14.
Systemic mastocytosis is a rare phenomenon, with limited information regarding prognostic features and effective treatment of canine patients with this disease. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of certain features and treatments on dogs with systemic mastocytosis. The medical records of 40 dogs from 4 northeastern US veterinary hospitals, with evidence of systemic mast cell disease, were evaluated retrospectively. Variables analysed with relation to overall survival and prognostic significance included treatment protocol used, substage, presence of a cutaneous or visceral tumour, presence of multiple cutaneous Mast cell tumours, grade of the primary tumour and metastatic site(s). Dogs with metastatic disease confined to distant lymph nodes lived longer than those with circulating mast cells in the blood (P = .001), and those with metastatic disease evident in more than 2 sites had a worse prognosis than those with disease in a single location (P = .005). Additionally, administration of chemotherapeutic agents led to increased survival over prednisone therapy alone (P = .008), with the combination of lomustine, vinblastine and prednisone prolonging survival over the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, toceranib phosphate (P = .002). Presence of mast cells in the blood and/or evidence of disease in more than 2 sites indicate widespread dissemination suggesting their use as negative prognostic features. Furthermore, a chemotherapy protocol including combination lomustine and vinblastine therapy may be more effective than toceranib phosphate for the treatment of dogs with disseminated mast cell disease. Overall, patients with systemic mastocytosis have a grave prognosis and more effective treatment options are needed.  相似文献   

15.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) appear to play a critical role in tumour neovascularization. In this study, we have investigated the expression of VEGF and PGE-2 in 53 canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections revealed that VEGF and PGE-2 were expressed in all mast cell tumours studied. When the expression patterns of VEGF and PGE-2 were compared with tumour grade according to Patnaik criteria, the only significant correlation observed was between PGE-2 staining intensity and tumour pathological grade, with grade II and III tumours having higher PGE-2 staining, both in intensity and percentage of cells stained, than grade I tumours ( P < 0.05).  相似文献   

16.
Tumour suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) is a tumour-suppressor gene coding for an adhesion molecule that is expressed by mast cells. Reduced TSLC1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in several human tumours, and this study sought to investigate if TSLC1 expression could be used to predict outcome in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs). Sections of MCTs of different tumour grades from 45 dogs (Group 1) were immunohistochemically assessed for TSLC1 and Ki67 expression. In addition, 35 intermediate-grade MCTs (Group 2) from dogs with known clinical follow-up were immunohistochemically stained for TSLC1 and Ki67. The TSLC1 staining intensity was found to strongly inversely correlate with tumour grade for Group 1 (P = 0.002857). For Group 2 there was a trend towards dogs with lower TSLC1 scores being more likely to die from MCT-related disease (P = 0.058). The intensity of TSLC1 staining inversely correlated with Ki67 expression for both groups.  相似文献   

17.
Masitinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of gross, non‐metastatic grade II and III canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). This study evaluated the use of masitinib as a frontline and rescue agent for metastatic and non‐metastatic canine MCTs. Identification of toxicities and prognostic factors in these dogs was of secondary interest. Twenty‐six dogs were included in this study. The overall response rate to masitinib was 50%. The median survival time for dogs that responded to masitinib was 630 days versus 137 days for dogs that did not respond (P = 0.0033). Toxicity was recorded in 61.5% of treated dogs, but the majority of adverse events were mild and self‐limiting. Response to masitinib, not tumour grade, stage or location, was the most significant prognostic factor for survival in dogs with MCTs.  相似文献   

18.
O bjectives : To evaluate the response of measurable canine mast cell tumours unsuitable for other treatment modalities to a chemotherapy protocol comprising chlorambucil and prednisolone.
M ethods : Dogs bearing measurable mast cell tumours, unsuitable for treatment by surgery or radiotherapy, were treated with orally administered prednisolone and chlorambucil, and their responses assessed.
R esults : Twenty-one dogs were enrolled in the study; 13 had intermediate-grade mast cell tumour, six were high grade and two were diagnosed by cytology alone. Eight dogs had multiple tumours and 13 dogs had single tumours, and six dogs had lymph node metastases and no dogs had visceral metastases detected. Three dogs achieved complete remission, five achieved partial remission (overall response rate 38 per cent), nine had static disease and four dogs had progressive disease. Median progression-free interval for the eight responders was 533 days, and median survival time for all dogs in the study was 140 days. Progression-free interval and median survival time were not influenced by the age, sex, weight or neutering status of the patient, by the grade or stage of the tumour or whether the patient had single or multiple tumours. No toxicity was detected.
C linical S ignificance : Response and survival rates of inoperable canine MCT to chlorambucil and prednisolone are comparable to previously described protocols, with no apparent toxicity.  相似文献   

19.
Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their neoplastic transformation in solitary and multiple cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs), as well as visceral and systemic mastocytosis. Dogs have a unique risk of developing cutaneous MCTs, and they account for 7% to 21% of all canine skin tumours. The aetiology of canine MCTs is unknown but is probably multifactorial. This article reviews up-to-date knowledge on the pathogenesis, the clinical presentation, the clinical prognostic factors, the diagnostic workup including clinical staging, cytological findings, histological findings and the various grading systems which have been evaluated based on morphology, the assessment of proliferation markers and other factors such as vessel density. Furthermore, detailed information about current treatment protocols for canine cutaneous MCTs is provided.  相似文献   

20.
We describe here the detection by fluorescence of a new photosensitizer, PAD-S31, in tumours in dogs and cats and the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by using PAD-S31 for skin tumours in two dogs and one cat. PAD-S31 is a hydrophilic photosensitizer that has two peaks at absorption wavelengths 406 and 665 nm in distilled water. In a preliminary experiment in mice transplanted with SCCVII and colon 26, PAD-S31 was retained in tumour tissues rather than in other organs. The tumours resected from dogs and cats after intravenous administration of PAD-S31 at a dose of 15 mg/kg emitted strong red fluorescence under light illumination of 402 nm wavelength. Animals given PAD-S31 showed no cutaneous photosensitivity under room light illumination. Irradiation at laser light 670 nm wavelength (fluence rate 150 mW/cm2 and total light dosage 150 J/cm2) on cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs ( n=2 ) and a cutaneous basal cell tumour in a cat induced complete remission. These results suggest PAD-S31 could be a promising photosensitizer for use in a small animal veterinary practice.  相似文献   

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