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甘露寡糖在反刍动物营养中的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(12):32-32
甘露寡糖是一种新型饲料添加剂。大量研究表明,甘露寡糖在改善动物肠道微生态、提高动物免疫力、促进动物生长等方面具有明显作用。然而有关甘露寡糖在反刍动物上的研究较少,主要对甘露寡糖在反刍动物生产上的研究进展作一介绍。 相似文献
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许尧 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2014,(6):65-67
甘露寡糖是一种新型绿色饲料添加剂,不仅可以调节动物胃肠道环境,增强动物免疫力,而且可以改善畜禽生产性能。有关研究表明,甘露寡糖在提高家禽及幼龄动物日增重及饲料转化率、降低死亡率、增强动物免疫力等方面有明显作用。本试验通过在日粮中添加不同比例(对照组,0.05%、0.10%、0.15%)的甘露寡糖对白羽肉仔鸡的日粮养分代谢率的影响进行分析,结果表明:添加0.05%的甘露寡糖对肉仔鸡代谢中CP的表观消化率产生显著的差异(P<0.05),其它的代谢养分DM、OM、Ca、P的表观代谢率没产生显著差异。 相似文献
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新型饲料添加剂——甘露寡糖 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甘露寡糖是从酵母细胞壁中提取的葡糖甘露聚糖蛋白复合体,其广泛存在于多种植物及多种微生物细胞壁内。目前的研究表明:在饲料中添加甘露寡糖可提高动物的免疫机能和生产性能。本文通过对甘露寡糖的作用机制、目前在动物生产中的应用状况及应用前景进行论述,旨在探讨甘露寡糖作为抗生素的替代品的途径和应有效果。 相似文献
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陈勇江王金荣苏兰利乔汉桢李国辉 《饲料研究》2019,(1):118-120
甘露寡糖作为饲料添加剂,可以提高动物的生产性能、改善动物肠道消化环境,还可以提高动物的肠道黏膜免疫功能,较为广泛地应用在动物生产中。综述了甘露寡糖在动物体内的作用机制,并阐述其在家畜、家禽以及水产动物生产中的应用。 相似文献
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甘露寡糖对动物肠道微生态的影响研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
甘露寡糖是重要的肠道功能调节剂，对肠道内有害菌及有益菌都有可能产生影响。着重论述了甘露寡糖对动物肠道有害菌的识别及清除，对肠道有益菌的营养作用，甘露寡糖还能改善动物小肠的生理形态，预言分子生物学技术在探索动物肠道微生态的变化方面将发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
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甘露寡糖是一种从酵母细胞壁中提取的磷酸化的葡萄糖甘露寡糖蛋白质复合物，俗称甘寡糖。甘露寡糖可以通过对病原微生物的识别、黏附和排除作用来调节非免疫防御系统，可结合肠黏膜上皮细胞受体，竞争性排除病原微生物，打断病原菌附着一繁殖一致病的途径，使病原菌排出体外，保护动物健康；而且，甘露寡糖可以改善饲料效率，提高饲料转化率，促进营养物质的消化吸收，提高动物的生产性能， 相似文献
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为利用16S rDNA技术研究甘露寡糖不同添加方式对哺乳期犊牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构影响,本研究选用出生日龄一致、体重接近、健康状况良好的荷斯坦公犊牛20头,随机分为4组。CR组为对照组,饮用乳及开食料中均不添加甘露寡糖;ORa组在饮用乳中添加5 g甘露寡糖,开食料中不添加甘露寡糖;ORb组在开食料中添加5 g甘露寡糖,饮用乳中不添加甘露寡糖;ORc组在饮用乳及开食料中各添加2.5 g甘露寡糖(混合添加)。应用16S rDNA测序技术,研究了甘露寡糖添加方式对犊牛瘤胃细菌构建的影响。结果表明:甘露寡糖添加方式会影响哺乳期犊牛瘤胃细菌总数,但对哺乳期犊牛瘤胃细菌菌群多样性未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。在门水平上,与对照组相比,ORb组颗粒料中添加甘露寡糖显著降低了厚壁菌门与放线菌门的丰度(P<0.05),极显著提高了变形菌门的丰度(P<0.01),优势菌门增加为3种,分别为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门与变形菌门。在属水平上,甘露寡糖不同添加方式导致哺乳期犊牛瘤胃细菌菌群结发生了改变,其中甘露寡糖不同添加方式对小杆菌属和脱硫弧菌属在瘤胃内丰度均产生了影响,但对ORa组与ORc组犊牛瘤胃细菌影响不及ORb组;且ORb组犊牛瘤胃细菌功能性菌属普雷沃氏-7属、氨基酸球菌属、优杆菌属和琥珀酸弧菌等均发生显著变化。基于以上结果,得出如下结论:本研究条件下,甘露寡糖添加方式对哺乳期犊牛瘤胃细菌菌群多样性未产生显著影响(P>0.05),但开食料中寡糖添加方式对菌群结构产生部分影响,其中发挥瘤胃蛋白降解作用和淀粉降解作用的琥珀酸弧菌科-UCG-001属、利用乳酸的新月形单胞菌属丰度极显著提高(P<0.01),而利用乳糖的优杆菌属丰度显著降低,降解半纤维素的小杆菌属丰度极显著降低(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(2):280-288
In search of substances to replace antibiotics as growth promoters for farm animals, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) have been proposed as a possible alternative. In the present experiment, the influence of MOS on growth performance and bacteriological, morphological, and functional aspects of small intestine was investigated in broiler chickens at different ages. Three dietary treatments were used: a negative control without MOS or antibiotic, a positive control (Zn bacitracin), and 2 g of MOS/kg of diet. The MOS supplement tended to improve BW gain compared with the negative control in early life (P = 0.07). The counts of total anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and Clostridium perfringens were not affected by the supplementation of MOS. The counts of coliform bacteria were increased in young birds treated with MOS. No significant differences in the gut morphology and function were noticed between the MOS treatment and the negative or the positive control at d 14, but birds in the positive control group had significantly higher jejunal villi and mucosal alkaline phosphatase activities than MOS-supplemented birds at d 35. In the current study conducted under hygienic experimental conditions, the addition of MOS did not show a clear positive effect on performance or intestinal morphology and function. 相似文献
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不同外源寡糖对崂山奶山羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究不同外源寡糖对奶山羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响。试验选用 ６只平均体重为（３２．８０±２．４５）ｋｇ、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的崂山奶山羊,采用分期分组试验设计。各组羊饲喂基础饲粮（对照组）以及分别在基础饲粮中添加 １％甘露寡糖（ＭＯＳ组）、半乳甘露寡糖（ＧＭＯＳ组）、寡木糖（ＸＯＳ组）、低聚异麦芽糖（ＩＭＯ组）、果寡糖（ＦＯＳ组）的试验饲粮。共进行４期试验,每期 ２３ｄ,其中预试期 １４ｄ,正试期 ９ｄ。于晨饲前（０ｈ）,晨饲后 ２、４、６、８ｈ以及晚饲前（晨饲后 １０ｈ）采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃液中细菌总数以及纤维素分解菌、原虫和真菌数量。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃液细菌总数趋于增加,仅晨饲前 ＭＯＳ组显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验组瘤胃液纤维素分解菌数量有所提高,其中 ＭＯＳ组（０ｈ）、ＧＭＯＳ组（０、２、４ｈ）、ＦＯＳ组（０、２、４ｈ）显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验组瘤胃液原虫数量有所提高,其中 ＭＯＳ组（２和 ４ｈ）、ＸＯＳ组（４ｈ）显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验组瘤胃液真菌数量有所提高,其中ＧＭＯＳ组和 ＦＯＳ组（０ｈ）极显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＭＯＳ组（２ｈ）、ＩＭＯ组（２ｈ）、ＦＯＳ组（２ｈ）、ＭＯＳ组（４ｈ）、ＦＯＳ组（６ｈ）显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。细菌总数、纤维素分解菌和原虫数量呈先下降后上升趋势,真菌数量呈先上升后下降趋势。本试验条件下,添加不同外源寡糖对瘤胃微生物影响有所差异,其中甘露寡糖、半乳甘露寡糖和果寡糖对瘤胃液纤维素分解菌、原虫和真菌的增殖作用较明显。 相似文献
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1. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS, Bio-MOS, Alltech Inc.) on the growth performance, energy utilisation, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora of birds given a sorghum-wheat based diet. Two MOS levels (1 and 2 g/kg) were included in the diet. 2. Inclusion of MOS at both levels in the diet improved the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values of the diet. However, these effects were not as pronounced as those of zinc bacitracin (ZnB) treatment. Dietary ZnB also significantly improved the net energy value of the diet. No significant differences between the different levels of MOS were noticed in the growth performance, AME and net energy values of the diet. Compared to the negative control, inclusion of 2 g/kg MOS tended to improve feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in the starter phase. 3. Dietary MOS did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients compared to the negative control. In contrast, ZnB significantly improved the protein digestibility and tended to increase the starch digestibility. The addition of MOS reduced the concentration of arabinose in the soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) fraction in the excreta of birds; whereas, the concentrations of individual sugars in the insoluble NSP and free sugar fractions were increased by ZnB. 4. A decrease in the populations of lactobacilli and coliforms in the ileal and caecal lumen was observed for MOS and ZnB treatments. Correspondingly, pH and microbial fermentation in the gut was altered. The addition of MOS tended to reduce the coliform load at the gut mucosa. 5. Results from the current study suggest that MOS can improve the apparent energy utilisation of the diet and tend to improve FCE of birds in the first three posthatch weeks, which may be partly related to the modulatory effects of MOS on the gut microflora. 相似文献
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1. An experiment was conducted to characterise and evaluate, in comparison to zinc bacitracin (ZnB), the response of intestinal microflora and mucins to manno-oligosacchares (MOS, Bio-MOS®, Alltech Biotechnology, Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA).
2. Supplementation of MOS and ZnB selectively increased the intensity of sulphomucins. As revealed by the plate culture method, MOS accelerated the maturation of gut microflora by promoting the growth of lactobacilli in the ileal mucosa and vice versa on ileal and caecal clostridia. Unlike MOS, ZnB suppressed the growth of intestinal bacteria, especially those of lactobacilli and clostridia. Use of T-RFLP further revealed that MOS increased the diversity of lactobacilli in the ileum and ileal mucosa but the opposite was observed for ZnB. It also appears that MOS and ZnB possessed a common property in differentially favouring the growth of certain Lactobacillus species. There was also evidence to show that both MOS and ZnB also increased the homogeneity of the gut microflora, possibly through the regulation of the overall gut bacterial communities.
3. Improvement in intestinal microbial homogeneity and mucin synthesis, coupled with the differential selections for certain specific beneficial bacterial species, may ultimately be proven to be the target mechanisms in the search for more effective alternatives to antibiotics. 相似文献
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不同水平甘露寡糖对肉鹑生长性能和血清胆固醇的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨不同水平甘露寡糖对肉鹑生产性能和血清胆固醇的影响。将240只1日龄鹌鹑随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15只鹌鹑,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、2%的甘露寡糖,进行为期50 d的饲养试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的35日龄和50日龄的肉鹑的体重分别提高2.02%、2.66%,7.36%、7.90%。血清胆固醇含量:Ⅱ组35日龄肉鹑胆固醇含量比对照组升高22.22%,Ⅱ组50日龄肉鹑胆固醇含量比对照组降低12.20%;Ⅲ组35日龄肉鹑和50日龄肉鹑的胆固醇含量分别降低3.70%、9.76%,Ⅳ组35日龄肉鹑胆固醇含量比对照组升高7.41%,50日龄肉鹑的胆固醇含量降低21.95%。试验研究表明:在肉鹑生产中,适量添加甘露寡糖可增加肉鹑体重并且降低胆固醇含量。 相似文献
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Che TM Johnson RW Kelley KW Dawson KA Moran CA Pettigrew JE 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(2):657-668
This study explored the hypothesis that mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) acts to reduce systemic inflammation in pigs by evaluating cytokine production of alveolar macrophages (AM) and serum cytokine concentrations. A total of 160 pigs were fed diets containing 0.2 or 0.4% MOS for 2 or 4 wk postweaning compared with control diets without MOS. Dietary MOS did not affect the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and tended (P = 0.081) to increase that of IL-10. These cytokine concentrations also changed over time (P < 0.001). After 2-wk feeding of the control or MOS diets, AM were collected and stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PLIC) as infection models. The LPS-stimulated AM from MOS-fed pigs (n = 12) secreted less TNF-α (P < 0.001) and more IL-10 (P = 0.026) than those from control-fed pigs (n = 6). However, dietary MOS had less effect on ex vivo TNF-α and IL-10 production by PLIC-stimulated AM (P = 0.091 and P > 0.10, respectively. Further, effects of MOS were examined in 4 in vitro experiments. In Exp. 1 (n = 4 pigs), MOS and mannan-rich fraction (MRF), when added to AM cultures, were able to increase TNF-α production. This direct effect of MOS was not due to endotoxin contamination as verified in Exp. 2 (n = 6 pigs) using polymyxin B, an inhibitor of LPS activation of toll-like receptor 4. Polymyxin B inhibited production of TNF-α by AM after treatment with LPS (P < 0.001), but not after treatment with MOS in the absence of LPS (P > 0.70). In Exp. 3 (n = 6 pigs), when MOS was directly applied in vitro, the pattern of cytokine production by LPS-activated AM was similar to that observed ex vivo, as MOS suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α (P < 0.001) and enhanced LPS-induced IL-10 (P = 0.028). In Exp. 4 (n = 6 pigs), when MRF replaced MOS, AM-produced TNF-α induced by LPS or PLIC was suppressed by MRF (P = 0.015 or P < 0.001, respectively). These data establish that MOS and MRF suppress LPS-induced TNF-α secretions by AM. Generally, the study suggests that MOS may be a potent immunomodulator because it directly activates AM to secrete TNF-α and alters the cytokine responses of bacterial endotoxin-induced AM in both ex vivo and in vitro systems. In particular, feeding MOS to pigs for 2 wk reduces TNF-α and increases IL-10 concentrations after ex vivo treatment of AM with LPS. These immunomodulatory properties of MOS may have important implications for both host defense and avoidance of harmful overstimulation of the immune system. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究自然霉变玉米对断奶仔猪生长性能、肝脏结构与功能的影响,并初步探讨甘露寡糖可能的缓解作用。试验采用2×2因子设计,20头体重(8.10±0.32)kg的35日龄PIC断奶仔猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂添加不同水平霉变玉米(0、100%)和甘露寡糖(0、0.2%)的饲粮。结果表明:霉变玉米组仔猪全期平均日增重(P<0.01)和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05);肝细胞发生严重颗粒和空泡变性,肝脏丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)和Bax mRNA表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。添加甘露寡糖极显著提高仔猪肝脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),缓解霉变玉米导致的肝脏病理损伤,且霉变玉米与甘露寡糖对T-AOC的影响具有显著的交互效应(P<0.01)。由此可见,自然霉变玉米降低仔猪生长性能,诱导肝脏氧化应激并损伤肝脏结构;添加甘露寡糖对自然霉变玉米导致的肝损伤有一定程度的缓解作用。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(3):327-334
Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide and is associated with consumption of poultry products. One potential strategy to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry is the use of probiotics. In an attempt to reduce Campylobacter in poultry, we isolated 117 GRAS (generally recognized as safe) bacterial isolates from the ceca of healthy birds and evaluated their efficacy against Campylobacter, using a soft agar overlay technique. Twenty-six isolates (Bacillus and Lactobacillus spp.) with greatest ability to inhibit Campylobacter in vitro, were tested in birds. In these studies, bacterial isolates were administered orally on day-of-hatch and, chicks were challenged with a four-strain mixture of wild type C. jejuni (∼106 CFU/mL) on day 7. Cecal samples were collected on day 14 for Campylobacter enumeration. Out of 26 isolates, 3 isolates demonstrated a reduction in Campylobacter counts (1 to 2 logs). In an attempt to improve the efficacy of these 3 isolates, follow-up studies were conducted with various doses of 2 prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide [FOS] or mannan oligosaccharide [MOS]) in the feed. Campylobacter counts were not reduced for any of the FOS treatments (0.125%, 0.25%, or 0.5%) or the MOS treatments (0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16%), but were reduced for the combination of isolate 3 with 0.04% MOS in feed. The results of this study indicate that the selection and administration of bacterial isolates in combination with selected prebiotics may reduce enteric Campylobacter counts in preharvest poultry. 相似文献
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1. A 3 × 2 factorial experimental design was used to investigate the interaction between threonine concentration (0.70, 1.0 and 1.3 of National Research Council (NRC), 1994, recommendations) and manno-oligosaccharides (0 and 2 g/kg) on feed passage rate in relation to intestinal microbial activities and crude mucin turnover. 2. There was no interaction between the effects of manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) and dietary threonine on total tract transit time. However, an interaction between MOS and threonine was apparent where increasing threonine in the absence of MOS led to a reduction in the mean retention time, but a trend in the opposite direction in the presence of MOS. The ileal mean retention time at deficient and adequate concentrations of threonine was also significantly shorter in the presence of MOS. 3. In the jejunum, dietary MOS interacted with threonine to increase the villus-to-crypt ratio with deficient and adequate concentrations of threonine but not with an excess. In the ileum, MOS had no effect on the villus-to-crypt ratio at the deficient and adequate concentrations of threonine but significantly increased the ileal villus-to-crypt ratio with an excess. 4. There were significant interactions between MOS and dietary threonine in their effects on ileal flow of crude mucin, with MOS supplementation increasing mucin concentration and output when threonine was adequate but not when deficient or in excess. 5. Neither MOS nor threonine affected volatile fatty acids and intestinal musculature. No effects of gut microflora or voluntary feed intake on feed passage rate was attributable to dietary threonine or MOS supplementation. 相似文献