首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of development of septic arthritis after elective arthroscopy and evaluate associations between various factors and development of this complication in horses. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 682 horses that underwent arthroscopic procedures at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1994 to 2003. PROCEDURES: Information pertaining to signalment, joints treated, whether antimicrobials were administered, and development of postoperative septic arthritis was collected from medical records. Horses with a primary problem of septic arthritis or wounds involving joints were excluded. The following factors were evaluated to determine their roles in joint sepsis: breed, sex, joint, and preoperative and intra-articular administration of antimicrobials. Telephone interviews with clients were used to determine whether unreported septic arthritis had developed. RESULTS: 8 of 932 (0.9%) joints in 7 of 682 (1.0%) horses that underwent arthroscopy developed postoperative septic arthritis. Follow-up information after discharge from the hospital was available for 461 of the 682 horses, and of those, 8 of 627 (1.3%) joints in 7 of 461 (1.5%) horses developed septic arthritis. Breed and joint treated were significant risk factors for development of postoperative septic arthritis, with draft breeds and tibiotarsal joints more likely than others to be affected. Sex, preoperatively administered antimicrobials, and intra-articularly administered antimicrobials were not associated with development of postoperative septic arthritis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results can be used for comparison with data from other institutions and surgical facilities. Additional precautions should be undertaken when arthroscopic surgery involves draft breeds and tibiotarsal joints.  相似文献   

2.
Chemical and cytologic effects and bactericidal activity of gentamicin in septic synovial fluid were evaluated in an experimental model of infectious arthritis in horses. Septic arthritis was induced by inoculation of approximately 7.5 X 10(6) colony-forming units of Escherichia coli into 1 antebrachiocarpal joint in each of 16 clinically normal adult horses. Clinical signs of septic arthritis were evident 24 hours after inoculation. Horses were allotted to 3 groups: group-1 horses (n = 5) each were given 150 mg of gentamicin (50 mg/ml; 3 ml) intra-articularly (IA); group-2 horses (n = 5) each were given 2.2 mg of gentamicin/kg of body weight, IV, every 6 hours; and group-3 horses (n = 6) each were given buffered gentamicin, consisting of 3 mEq of sodium bicarbonate (1 mEq/ml; 3 ml) and 150 mg of gentamicin (50 mg/ml; 3 ml), IA. Synovial fluid specimens were obtained at posttreatment hour (PTH) 0, 0.25, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 via an indwelling intra-articular catheter. Synovial fluid pH was evaluated at PTH 0, 0.25, and 24. Microbiologic culture and cytologic examination were performed on synovial fluid specimens obtained at PTH 0 and 24, and gentamicin concentration was measured in all synovial fluid specimens. At PTH 0, E coli was isolated from synovial fluid specimens obtained from all horses. Synovial fluid pH was lower (range, 7.08 to 7.16) and WBC count was higher (range, 88,000 to 227,200 cells/microliters) and predominantly neutrophilic (95 to 99%) at PTH 0 than before inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

3.
Septic arthritis was induced in one antebrachiocarpal joint of seven horses by the intra-articular injection of 1 mL Staphylococcus aureus suspension containing a mean of 10(5) colony-forming units. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, four horses were treated by regional perfusion with 1 g of gentamicin sulfate, and three horses received 2.2 mg/kg gentamicin sulfate intravenously (IV) every 6 hours. Synovial fluid was collected for culture and cytology at regular intervals, and the synovial membranes were collected for culture and histologic examination at euthanasia 24 hours after the first treatment. Gentamicin concentration in the septic synovial fluid after three successful perfusions was 221.2 +/- 71.4 (SD) micrograms/mL; after gentamicin IV, it was 7.6 +/- 1.6 (SD) micrograms/mL. The mean leukocyte count in the inoculated joints decreased significantly by hour 24 in the successfully perfused joints. Terminal bacterial cultures of synovial fluid and synovial membranes were negative in two horses with successfully perfused joints. S. aureus was isolated from the infected joints in all three horses treated with gentamicin IV.  相似文献   

4.
Fourteen horses with septic arthritis underwent high‐field (1.5 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Septic arthritis was diagnosed based on results from historical and clinical findings, synovial fluid analyses and culture, and radiographic, ultrasonographic, arthroscopic, and histopathologic findings. MR findings included diffuse hyperintensity within bone and extracapsular tissue on fat‐suppressed images in 14/14 horses (100%), joint effusion, synovial proliferation, and capsular thickening in 13/14 horses (93%), bone sclerosis in 11/14 horses (79%), and evidence of cartilage and subchondral bone damage in 8/14 horses (57%). Intravenous gadolinium was administered to five of the 14 horses and fibrin deposition was noted in all horses. Other findings after gadolinium administration included synovial enhancement in 4/5 (80%) horses, and bone enhancement in 1/5 (20%) horses. The MR findings of septic arthritis in horses were consistent with those reported in people. MRI may allow earlier and more accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis in horses as compared with other imaging modalities, especially when the clinical diagnosis is challenging. It also provides additional information not afforded by other methods that may influence and enhance treatment.  相似文献   

5.
Background: Increased synovial fibrinolytic activity (detected by increases in synovial D‐Dimer concentrations) has been observed in different joint diseases in humans and adult horses, presumably in order to minimize fibrin deposition within the joint and thus avoid its detrimental effects. Objective: To investigate fibrinolytic pathway activation in joint sepsis in foals by measuring synovial D‐Dimer concentrations. Animals: Eighteen septic foals with septic joints, 9 septic foals without septic joints, 9 systemically healthy foals with septic joint, and 3 controls are included. Methods: Prospective observational clinical study of foals admitted for septic arthritis. Synovial D‐Dimer concentration and routine synovial fluid analysis were performed. Diagnosis of joint sepsis was made whenever synovial total nucleated cell count was >30,000 cells/μL, synovial total protein >4 g/dL, and neutrophil percentage of >80%, or synovial fluid culture resulted positive. Results were compared among groups by general lineal models. Results: Synovial D‐Dimer concentration was significantly (P < .001) higher in the foals with septic joints compared with foals without joint disease (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Septic joint disease is associated with a marked increase of synovial D‐Dimer concentration (marked activation of the fibrinolytic activity) within the affected joint. Although further studies are needed, the measurement of synovial D‐Dimer concentration may be considered a complementary diagnostic marker of septic joint disease.  相似文献   

6.
The medical records of 192 horses with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis 1979-1989 were reviewed. Forty-three horses developed infection after an intra-articular injection, 46 following a penetrating wound, 25 following surgery, 66 were foals less than 6 months old, and 12 were adult horses without a known aetiology. Haematogenous infection of a joint occurs in adult horses and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with an acute onset of severe lameness. The aetiology of the infection had a significant effect on the type of bacteria identified by culture. Staphylococcus was cultured from most of the horses that developed infection following a joint injection or surgery, 69% of the horses from which an organism was identified. Horses that developed infection secondary to a penetrating wound frequently provided cultures of more than one organism; Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes were more frequently isolated in this group. The most common organisms isolated from foals were Enterobacteriaceae; E. coli was identified in more than 27% of the foals. The hock was the most frequently involved joint. Multiple treatments were used over the 10-year period of study. Survival rates were lowest in foals; only 45% survived to be released from the hospital. Survival was greater in adult horses; 85% of the horses that were treated were released from the hospital. Survival was significantly greater in horses with septic tenosynovitis; all 14 of the horses that were treated survived. Survival was not significantly affected by the joint involved or by the type of bacteria cultured from the synovial fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The diagnosis of foot-related lameness often remains elusive and it can be difficult to offer rational treatment, or to predict outcome. OBJECTIVES: To describe the spectrum of injuries of the foot identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to determine their relative prevalence among MRI diagnoses and to establish the long-term results of treatment. METHODS: The MR images of horses examined from January 2001--December 2003 were reviewed. Horses were selected for MRI if the pain causing lameness was localised to the foot using perineural analgesia but any clinical, radiological or ultrasonographic abnormalities were insufficient to explain the degree of lameness. The clinical significance of lesions identified using MRI was determined with reference to the results of local analgesia, radiography, ultrasonography and nuclear scintigraphy. Follow-up information was obtained in January 2004 for horses which had been examined 6-36 months previously and the outcome classified as excellent (horse returned to full athletic function without recurrent lameness), moderate (sound, but only in light work), or poor (persistent or recurrent lameness). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-nine horses underwent MRI examinations. Deep digital flexor (DDF) tendonitis was the most common injury (59%) with primary injury in 65 horses (33%) and a further 27 horses (14%) having lesions of the DDF tendon and navicular bone. Seventeen percent of horses had injuries to multiple structures, including 24 with DDF tendonitis. Desmitis of a collateral ligament (CL) of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint was the second most common injury (62 horses, 31%), with primary injuries in 30 horses (15%) and a further 32 horses (16%) that had CL desmitis in conjunction with other injuries. Prognosis was best for horses with traumatic injuries of the middle or distal phalanges, with 5 of 7 horses (71%) having an excellent outcome. Horses with primary lesions of the DDF tendon or CL of the DIP joint had excellent results in only 13 of 47 (28%) and 5 of 17 horses (29%), respectively. Horses with combined injuries of the DDF tendon and navicular bone, or primary navicular bone abnormalities, had a poor outcome, with the majority of horses suffering persistent lameness. CONCLUSIONS: A wide variety of lesions associated with foot pain were identified using MRI, a high proportion of which were primary soft tissue injuries with a guarded prognosis for return to full athletic function. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: It is now possible to propose more rational treatment strategies for the variety of foot injuries identified using MRI than had previously been possible; however, further information concerning aetiopathogenesis of these injuries is needed to improve their management.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of intra-articular polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSG) on repair of chemical and physical articular cartilage injuries was evaluated in 8 horses. In each horse, a partial- and a full-thickness articular cartilage defect was made on the distal articular surface of the radial carpal bone. In the contralateral middle carpal joint, a chemical articular cartilage injury was induced by injecting 50 mg of Na monoiodoacetate (MIA). Four of the 8 horses were not treated (controls), and 4 horses were treated by intra-articular injection of 250 mg of PSG into both middle carpal joints once a week for 5 treatments starting 1 week after cartilage injury. Horses were maintained for 8 weeks. There was less joint circumference enlargement in PSG-treated horses in MIA-injected and physical defect carpi, compared with that in controls. In MIA-injected joints, there was less articular cartilage fibrillation and erosion, less chondrocyte death, and greater safranin-O staining for glycosaminoglycans in PSG-treated horses. Evaluation of joints in which physical defects were made revealed no differences between control and PSG-injected joints. None of the partial-thickness defects had healed. Full-thickness defects were repaired with fibrous tissue (which was more vascular and cellular in PSG-injected joints) and occasionally small amounts of fibrocartilage. Seemingly, PSG had chondroprotective properties in a model of chemically induced articular cartilage damage, whereas PSG had no obvious effect in a physical articular cartilage-defect model.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with outcome (ie, survival and return to function) following treatment of horses with septic tenosynovitis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 51 horses with septic tenosynovitis. PROCEDURES: Information was obtained from medical records and through follow-up conversations with owners. Factors analyzed for an association with outcome included affected limb, etiology, duration of clinical signs prior to examination, presence of complications, primary treatment, secondary treatments, number of surgical procedures, and hospitalization time. RESULTS: Concurrent complications were identified in 41 (80%) horses. The primary treatment consisted of through-and-through lavage in 26 (51%) horses, tenoscopy in 20 (39%), and tenosynoviotomy combined with lavage in 5 (10%). Forty (78%) horses were discharged, and 37 (73%) survived at least 1 year after surgery; 21 of the 37 (57%) returned to their previous or a higher level of performance. Percentages of horses that survived 1 year after discharge and percentages that returned to their intended use did not vary significantly among treatments. Horses with tendon rupture or sepsis of an adjacent joint were significantly less likely to survive. Horses with tendon injury or pannus were significantly less likely to return to their intended use. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that various factors were associated with outcome in horses with septic tenosynovitis. However, surgical technique was not found to be associated with survival rate or rate of return to intended use.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To report complications observed using a hydro-pool recovery system after general anesthesia in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Sixty horses. METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records and quality of recovery from anesthesia of 60 horses that had surgical or diagnostic procedures under general anesthesia. RESULTS: Mean total anesthesia time was 182 minutes (range, 25 to 390 minutes). Mean time in the hydro-pool was 108 minutes (range, 20 to 270 minutes). One horse that had bilateral rear limb extensor weakness while recovering in a padded recovery stall was moved to the hydro-pool and maintained for 12 hours. Ten horses developed some pulmonary edema; in 3 horses, the signs of pulmonary edema were severe; and 1 horse died from related complications. One horse developed septic arthritis of an operated stifle joint, and 2 horses developed incisional infections. Two horses incurred multiple skin abrasions on the distal aspect of their limbs during violent attempts to leave the pool. CONCLUSIONS: A hydro-pool system was useful for recovering horses from general anesthesia when difficult recoveries were anticipated because of the horse's injury, size, demeanor, duration of anesthesia, or risk of further injury. Recovery using the hydro-pool was more time and labor intensive than a standard stall recovery. Pulmonary edema that required treatment was a serious complication that occurred in 17% of the horses. Careful closure of the skin with cyanoacrylate glue and pressure from bandages were used to prevent postoperative incisional infections. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A hydro-pool system is a useful method for recovering horses from general anesthesia when difficult recoveries are anticipated.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine outcome of open toggle rod stabilization in dogs with luxation of the hip joint. Design-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 62 dogs. PROCEDURES: Information on signalment, surgical procedure, and postoperative care was obtained from the medical records. A questionnaire was sent to all owners to solicit follow-up information. RESULTS: The distribution for time between luxation and surgery was bimodal, with 24 (39%) dogs examined < or = 2 days after injury and 23 (37%) examined > 7 days after injury. Postoperative complications developed in 16 of the 62 (26%) dogs, with complications developing within 1 week after surgery in 10 of the 16. The most common complication was reluxation, which occurred in 7 dogs. Dogs in which surgery time was < 2 hours were significantly less likely to have a reluxation (2/40 [5%]) than were dogs in which surgery time was > or = 2 hours (5/22 [23%]). When asked to rate current limb function (0 = no lameness and 5 = non-weightbearing lame) a minimum of 6 months after surgery, 23 of 27 (85%) owners indicated a score of 0 or 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study suggest that toggle rod stabilization is an effective treatment for hip joint luxation in dogs. However, complications, particularly reluxation, were common.  相似文献   

12.
The influence of hypertonic cold water (5-9°C) spa bath hydrotherapy on the response of 27 horses with various lower leg injuries is described. Fifteen horses with grade 2 or 3 superficial digital flexor tendon damage and four with suspensory ligament injury treated for 10 minutes three times a week responded with markedly improved ultrasonographic echogenicity and fiber realignment of injured tissues. All but two of these horses when placed back into training returned to compete successfully within six months without re-injury. Two equestrian sports horses with traumatic contusion injury treated twice daily were able to compete successfully 72 hours after injury without supportive drug therapy. Responses of six individual horses with other leg conditions also responded to hydrotherapy faster than expected. The responses indicate hypertonic cold water spa therapy could be a valuable addition to therapeutic regimes with or without other therapies.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to develop a specific myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay in the synovial fluid of horses and investigate whether MPO activity is increased in different forms of joint diseases. Synovial fluid samples were taken from affected joints from horses with osteoarthritis, chronic non-septic arthritis and septic arthritis, and from healthy control horses. MPO activity was measured using a specific modified o-dianisidine-assay containing 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide as a potent and specific inhibitor of the MPO. This assay is characterized by high reproducibility. The results reveal only a slight elevation of MPO activity in the synovial fluid of horses with osteoarthritis and chronic non-septic arthritis. However, in the cases of septic arthritis a significant increase in MPO activity was found when compared to the controls. In conclusion the first field study suggests that synovial fluid MPO may be used as a marker for septic arthritis in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The use of monoiodoacetate (MIA) for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) and the effect of exercise on the degree of fusion were investigated. Eight horses received 3 injections (Weeks 0, 3, 6) of MIA (2 mL; 60 mg/mL) into the right or left front PIJ. Peri-operatively, the horses received phenylbutazone, butorphanol, and abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks to relieve pain. During the study, the horses were monitored for general health, lameness, and swelling around the injection area. Radiographs were taken biweekly to evaluate bony fusion. Horses were randomly divided into non-exercised and exercised groups. Exercise consisted of 20 minutes of trotting on a treadmill (4 m/s), 3 days per week for 13 weeks. The horses were euthanized at 24 weeks. Slab sections of the PIJ were evaluated grossly and radiographically for bony fusion. Histologic examinations were performed to evaluate articular cartilage. Three horses were excluded from the study after developing soft tissue necrosis around the injection site, septic arthritis, and necrotic tendinitis. The remaining horses remained healthy, developed a grade 1 to 4 lameness with minimal to severe swelling in the PIJ region. All 5 horses showed radiographic evidence of bony fusion, however, no fusion was present when injected joints were examined on postmortem examination. Histologic examination revealed thinning of the cartilage, diffuse necrosis of chondrocytes, with the calcified zone intact. Subjectively, exercise did not influence the degree of cartilage destruction. Based on this study, chemical arthrodesis cannot be advocated in clinical cases because of the high complication rate and lack of bony fusion.  相似文献   

15.
Survival after small intestine resection and anastomosis in horses   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
The authors examined factors influencing survival in 140 horses that recovered from anesthesia after small intestinal resection between 1968 and 1986, using Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Seventy-two horses (51%) died during the initial postoperative period, 19 horses (14%) died after discharge from the hospital, 33 horses (24%) were alive, and 16 horses (11%) were classified as censored. Mean age at surgery was 8 years. Horses 15 years of age or older, Arabians and Stallions, were overrepresented in the hospital population. The most common reason for resection was strangulation of bowel through a mesenteric rent. The mean and 50% median survival times were 1540 and 27 days, respectively. Horses admitted after January 1, 1980, had a significantly longer survival than those admitted before that time. Survival was longer after anastomosis of two small intestinal segments than after anastomosis of a small intestinal segment to the cecum; however, the length of bowel resected and the method of anastomosis had no demonstrable influence on survival. Of the variables studied, the heart rates at presentation and 24 hours after surgery were the most accurate predictors of survival.  相似文献   

16.
The authors examined factors influencing survival in 140 horses that recovered from anesthesia after small intestinal resection between 1968 and 1986, using Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Seventy-two horses (51%) died during the initial postoperative period, 19 horses (14%) died after discharge from the hospital, 33 horses (24%) were alive, and 16 horses (11%) were classified as censored. Mean age at surgery was 8 years. Horses 15 years of age or older, Arabians and Stallions, were overrepresented in the hospital population. The most common reason for resection was strangulation of bowel through a mesenteric rent. The mean and 50% median survival times were 1540 and 27 days, respectively. Horses admitted after January 1, 1980, had a significantly longer survival than those admitted before that time. Survival was longer after anastomosis of two small intestinal segments than after anastomosis of a small intestinal segment to the cecum; however, the length of bowel resected and the method of anastomosis had no demonstrable influence on survival. Of the variables studied, the heart rates at presentation and 24 hours after surgery were the most accurate predictors of survival.  相似文献   

17.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There have been no previously published case series of horses examined using either scintigraphy or MRI to diagnose collateral ligament injuries not detectable using ultrasonography or radiography, nor have other concurrent soft tissue lesions been described. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of horses with desmitis of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and to evaluate the results of radiographic, ultrasonographic, scintigraphic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. METHODS: Horses were examined between January 2001 and January 2003 and were selected for inclusion in the study if there was unequivocal evidence of collateral desmitis of the DIP joint based on ultrasonography or MRI. Subject details, case history, results of clinical examination and responses to local analgesic techniques were reviewed. The results of radiographic, ultrasonographic, scintigraphic and MRI examinations were assessed. RESULTS: Eighteen horses were identified with desmitis of a collateral ligament of the DIP joint, 3 horses (Group 1) based on ultrasonography alone, 7 (Group II) with positive ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance images and 8 (Group III) with no lesion detectable using ultrasonography, but lesions identified using MRI. Seventeen horses had forelimb injuries and one a hindlimb injury. The medial collateral ligament was injured most frequently (13 horses). In the majority of horses, no localising clinical signs were seen. Lameness was invariably worse in circles compared with straight lines. Lameness was improved by palmar digital analgesia in 16 horses (87%), but only 6 were nonlame. Intra-articular analgesia of the DIP joint produced improvement in lameness in 6/15 horses (40%). In 16 horses, no radiographic abnormality related to the DIP joint or collateral ligament attachments was identified. Eight of 14 horses (57%) had focal, moderately or intensely increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) at the site of insertion of the injured collateral ligament on the distal phalanx. Alteration in size and signal in the injured collateral ligament was identified using MRI. In addition, 5 horses had abnormal mineralisation and fluid in the distal phalanx at the insertion of the ligament. Eleven horses had concurrent soft tissue injuries involving the deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoidean impar ligament, navicular bursa or collateral ligament of the navicular bone. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Collateral desmitis of the DIP joint should be considered as a cause of foot lameness. Although some injuries are detectable ultrasonographically, false negative results occur. Focal IRU at the ligament insertion on the distal phalanx may be indicative of injury in some horses. MRI is useful for both characterisation of the injury and identification of any concurrent injuries. Further follow-up information is required to determine factors influencing prognosis.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preoperative epidural administration of morphine and detomidine would decrease postoperative lameness after bilateral stifle arthroscopy in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical controlled study. ANIMALS: Eight adult horses that had bilateral arthroscopic procedures, including drilling of cartilage and subchondral bone within the femoropatellar joints. METHODS: Horses were randomly separated into 2 groups. Preoperatively, 4 horses were administered a combination of epidural morphine (0.2 mg/kg) and detomidine (30 microg/kg), and 4 horses were administered an equivalent volume of epidural saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Postoperative pain was assessed using 6 video recordings made at hourly intervals of each horse at a walk. Assessments began 1 hour after recovery from anesthesia. The recordings were scrambled out of sequence and evaluated by 3 observers, unaware of treatment groups, who scored lameness from 0 to 4. Lameness scores of the 2 groups of horses were compared using a Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Heart and respiratory rates were also measured at each hourly interval and compared between groups using a repeated-measures ANOVA; statistical significance was set at P <.05. RESULTS: Preoperative administration of epidural morphine and detomidine significantly decreased lameness and heart rates after bilateral stifle arthroscopy. The greatest decrease was detected at hours 1 and 2 after recovery from anesthesia. CONCLUSION: We conclude that horses undergoing a painful arthroscopic procedure of the stifle joint benefit from the administration of preoperative epidural morphine and detomidine. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preoperative epidural administration of detomidine and morphine may be useful in decreasing postoperative pain after stifle arthroscopy as well as pain associated with other painful disorders involving the stifle joint, such as septic arthritis and trauma.  相似文献   

19.
Open drainage was used to treat 26 horses with persistent or severe septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. Infected synovial structures were drained through a small (3 cm) arthrotomy incision that was left open and protected by a sterile bandage. Joint lavage was performed in all 26 horses. In addition to systemic antibiotics, 23 of these horses were also treated with intra-articular antibiotics; amikacin (17 horses), gentamycin (2 horses), cefazolin (2 horses), and 2 horses were injected at different times with gentamycin and amikacin. The infection was eliminated from the involved synovial structures in 25 of 26 horses; 24 survived and were released from the hospital. The arthrotomy incisions healed by granulation in 16 horses; in 9 horses the arthrotomy incision was sutured closed once the infection was eliminated. Seventeen horses returned to soundness and resumed athletic function. Open drainage was an effective method of achieving chronic drainage from a joint or tendon sheath. It is indicated in horses that have established intra-synovial infections or in horses that do not respond to joint lavage through needles.  相似文献   

20.
The objective here was to evaluate the acute effects of induced arthritis on synovial fluid (SF) levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2, -8 and -9 in horses. To evaluate MMP-2 and -9 activities and the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) bufexamac during remission from acute arthritis. Aseptic arthritis was induced in 24 Standardbred horses using 20 mg of amphotericin B as a single intra-articular (IA) injection in the right intercarpal joint. After 1 week and 2 weeks, horses were treated intra-articularly with 10, 20, or 40 mg of bufexamac suspension or with sterile saline solution as control. SF was sampled prior to induction and at weekly intervals for 5 weeks. Fluids were evaluated for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography or for MMP-8 immunoreactivity by Western Blotting. IA injection of amphotericin B consistently resulted in significant increase in the immunoreactivity of MMP-8 and activity of both the latent and the active forms of MMP-2 and -9, among which the active form of MMP-2 increased the most. MMP-9 levels declined to pre-induction levels within 2 weeks, whereas levels of MMP-2 remained still high after 5 weeks. Treatment with bufexamac did not significantly affect levels of gelatinolytic MMP. Results suggest that after acute arthritis of horses, elevated MMP activity is present in the joint, for several weeks, to a degree that could promote cartilage degradation, and treatment with the NSAID bufexamac is not likely to affect that. Furthermore, analysing levels of MMP-9 activity and especially levels of active forms of MMP-2 activity may be valuable to predict the time of occurrence of arthritis in horses.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号