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盐酸环丙沙星在患子宫内膜炎奶牛子宫内给药的药动学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以反相高效液相色谱为定量分析手段,采用5头患子宫内膜炎的奶牛,通过子宫内灌注盐酸环丙沙星（2.5g/头）,研究了盐酸环丙沙星在患子宫内膜炎奶牛体内的药代动力学规律。以二氟沙星为内标,血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白,离心,经针头式过滤器处理,用反相高效液相法测定其中盐酸环丙沙星的浓度。色谱条件为：ODS-1C18柱;测定流动相为0.015mol/L四丁基溴化铵溶液-乙腈（92∶8,V/V）,pH为3.0;流速为1.0mL/min;荧光检测器,激发波长（λex）278nm,发射波长（λem）465nm。通过采用MCPKP房室分析程序,分析血中浓度-时间数据,发现有三头牛血样药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型。其血样中主要药动学参数为：T1/2α为0.916h、T1/2β为49.20h、AUC高达7.6296mg/（L·h）、Clβ为1.582L/（kg·h）。有两头牛血样药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型。其主要药动学参数为：T1/2α为1.26h、T1/2β为10h、AUC高达28.336mg/（L·h）。试验结果表明,盐酸环丙沙星子宫给药吸收快,分布广泛,消除慢。 相似文献
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研究头孢噻呋钠在成年麻鸭体内的药动学特征及生物利用度,为临床制定合理的给药方案提供科学依据。选取24只健康的成年麻鸭(体重1.6?0.2kg),随机分为3组,以2mg.kg-1剂量分别单次肌内注射、静脉注射和内服头孢噻呋钠,采用HPLC法检测血药浓度,计算头孢噻呋的药动力学参数和肌注、内服的生物利用度。结果表明：静脉注射头孢噻呋钠后,血药浓度经时数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数：t1/2α为0.19?0.22h,t1/2β为3.64?0.22h,Vd为0.48?0.06L.kg-1,CL为0.07?0.01 L.kg-1.h-1,AUC为27.09?2.84μg.mL-1.h-1;肌内注射后,血药浓度经时数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数：t1/2α为0.38?0.02h,t1/2β为4.56?0.29h,Tmax为0.49?0.17h,Cmax为6.44?0.44μg.mL-1,AUC为26.88?0.48μg.mL-1.h-1,生物利用度为99.22%;内服后,血药浓度经时数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数：t1/2α为0.77?0.14h,t1/2β为3.81?0.23h,Tmax为1.06?0.23h,Cmax为3.62?0.20μg.mL-1,AUC为21.47?0.44μg.mL-1.h-1,生物利用度为79.25%。头孢噻呋钠在成年麻鸭体内吸收迅速,半衰期较长,肌注的生物利用度高,内服吸收良好。 相似文献
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奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛不孕症的主要原因之一,我国奶牛子宫内膜炎型不孕症,占成年难孕牛的17%以上.据报道,每年美国因奶牛不孕症造成的经济损失近2.5亿美元;英国报导不孕牛中约95%由子宫内膜炎引起;在国内奶牛子宫内膜炎也非常高,瞿自明等[1]1983～1985年对北京、上海、南宁、兰州等16个城市41个奶牛场调查了9754头适龄奶牛,有1684头发生子宫内膜炎(17.216%),占不孕牛的68.34%(1 684/2 464);东北地区奶牛场的奶牛子宫内膜炎占奶牛病的20%～30%.由此可见,奶牛子宫内膜炎所造成的繁殖和经济损失是相当严重的. 相似文献
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<正>近十几年来,在奶牛繁育站点,遇到不少进站配种的奶牛患有子宫内膜炎(372头)。笔者根据奶牛子宫内膜炎不同类型采用分类治疗,并进行了详细记录、分析和总结。1奶牛子宫内膜炎的分类和特征表现子宫内膜炎的种类很多,但根据情况和治疗方法可以分为三类:脓性子宫内膜炎、血脓性子宫内膜炎、卡他性子宫内膜炎。 相似文献
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本研究采用蛋白酶K和苯酚抽提法提取基因组DNA，通过物理方法随机剪切DNA，经T4DNA聚合酶和T4多聚核苷酸激酶末端修饰，琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收大小为25~40 kb的片段，与pCC1FOS载体连接，噬菌体包装蛋白体外包装，转染大肠杆菌EPI300，构建了家猪Fosmid基因组文库。文库容量为8.50×109CFU/ml，平均插入片段大小约25 kb，用家猪MC1卫星DNA做探针对文库进行初步筛选，获得含该卫星DNA的阳性克隆，该文库的构建为进一步筛选并研究猪卫星DNA序列奠定了基础。 相似文献
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潍坊地区奶牛子宫内膜炎发病率调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《当代畜牧》2016,(3)
子宫内膜炎是奶牛常见产科疾病之一,是造成奶牛不孕的主要原因。子宫内膜炎不仅影响繁殖,也影响产奶,甚至威胁奶牛的生命。笔者调查了潍坊地区6个奶牛场的1971头分娩奶牛,有561头患子宫内膜炎,发病率为28.46%。6个奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率为18.75%~34.5%,痊愈率为73.87%~87.5%。调查显示,1年中,4-8月为子宫内膜炎高发月份,共发病301头,占全年的53.66%;2~6胎奶牛子宫内膜炎发病率为75.5%。 相似文献
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为考察不同剂量的丹连花子宫灌注液对奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床治疗效果,选择患子宫内膜炎的患病奶牛50头,随机分为5组,每组10头,分别为丹连花子宫灌注液高、中、低剂量组,以及药物对照组和疾病对照组;另选健康奶牛10头作为健康对照。结果表明,丹连花子宫灌注液不同剂量组治疗后患病奶牛的临床症状明显改善,其中高、中剂量组奶牛子宫复旧完全,子宫颈黏液清亮,白细胞数明显减少,pH6.5~7.0,尿兰母检查阴性,治愈率60%,有效率90%,显著高于药物对照组(P<0.05),且血液白细胞数显著减少,其中中性粒细胞数极显著低于疾病对照组(P<0.01);不同剂量组血液生化指标无异常变化。表明丹连花子宫灌注液对奶牛子宫内膜炎有显著治疗效果,且使用安全,推荐临床使用剂量为100mL/次,子宫灌注给药,隔天1次,连用3次。 相似文献
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产复康预防产后奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为观察奶牛产前服用产复康中药散剂对产后预防子宫内膜炎的效果,试验分为预试验和扩大试验。预试验将66头临产奶牛随机分成试验1组、试验2组和对照组,各22头。从产前1d开始喂服产复康,添加量为试验1组每天200g/头、试验2组每天300g/头、对照组不添加。结果显示,试验1组和试验2组奶牛各项指标基本相似,且2个试验组较对照组胎衣不下和子宫内膜炎发病率明显降低。说明每天200g/头的剂量可以达到促进子宫复旧和预防子宫内膜炎的效果;在预试验的基础上,对不同地区的6个奶牛场352头奶牛进行了扩大试验,试验方法、观测指标和预试验类似,产复康的添加剂量为每天200g/头。结果显示,试验组与对照组相比胎衣不下和子宫内膜炎发病率分别下降9.92%和18.23%,产后85d妊娠率提高10.85%,产后第1次发情时间和第1次配种时间平均提前约10d。扩大试验的结果进一步证明服用产复康可降低子宫疾病发病率,促进奶牛子宫机能恢复,使奶牛提早发情配种,提高受胎率,对奶牛产后子宫内膜炎具有良好的预防作用。 相似文献
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10头健康仔猪随机均分为健康组、脾虚组 ,按 2 0mg/kg的剂量进行内服左旋氧氟沙星的药动学研究。高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度 ,3P97药代动力学程序处理药时数据。健康组和脾虚组药动学数据适合一级吸收一室模型。健康组主要药动学数据为 :吸收半衰期 (t1 / 2ka)(0 42± 0 0 8)h ,消除半衰期 (t1 / 2ke) (7 62± 0 38)h ,达峰时间 (tmax) (1 85± 0 2 5)h ,达峰浓度 (Cmax) (6 99± 0 92 )mg/L ,药时曲线下面积 (AUC) (90 7± 1 0 0 7)mg·L- 1 ·h ,表观分布容积 (V/ F(s) ) (2 45± 0 2 8)L·kg,平均滞留时间 (MRT) (1 1 92± 0 94)h。脾虚组 :t1 / 2ka(1 1 7± 0 38)h ,t1 / 2ke (9 0 2± 1 1 8)h ,tmax (3 93± 1 0 5)h ,Cmax (4 2 8± 1 45)mg/L ,AUC (72 2 1± 1 6 0 7)mg·L- 1 ·h ,V/ F(s) (3 95±1 2 8)L·kg,MRT (1 3 74± 1 2 1 )h。结果表明 :仔猪脾虚状态下明显影响左旋氧氟沙星内服给药的药动学特征 相似文献
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I. Pavlova S. Danova H. Naidenski R. Tropcheva A. Milanova 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(6):549-555
Probiotics are routinely used in poultry husbandry due to health benefit on the host. The gut microbiota is now recognized to exert an important influence on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of many compounds. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of candidate probiotics belonging to the species Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum and L. bulgaricus on pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy chickens. The probiotic administration leads to higher degree of metabolism of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin in liver. The antibacterial drug was significantly faster absorbed (kab of 0.61 ± 0.54 h?1 and Tmax 7.81 ± 3.52 h) at lower concentrations (Cmax of 1.34 ± 0.18 μg·g?1) during the first 24 h of treatment in the probiotic's group. The values of kab, Tmax, and Cmax for the group, treated solely with enrofloxacin, were 0.10 ± 0.065 h?1, 15.42 ± 3.07 h, and 1.61 ± 0.24 μg·g?1, respectively. A significantly higher concentration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in the liver was observed in the group with the probiotic treatment. Disposition of both drugs was not significantly changed in the duodenum and in the jejunum. The selected dose is appropriate for treatment of infections caused by pathogens with MIC < 0.06 μg·mL?1 irrespective of antibiotic administration alone or in combination with probiotics. 相似文献
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and Aeromonas hydrophila‐infected crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. Fan Q. Shan J. Wang S. Liu L. Li G. Zheng 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(5):580-582
The comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) were investigated in healthy and Aeromonas hydrophila‐infected crucian carp after a single oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg at 25 °C. The plasma concentrations of ENR and of CIP were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean ENR concentrations by noncompartmental modeling. In healthy fish, the elimination half‐life (T1/2λz), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to peak (Tmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values were 64.66 h, 3.55 μg/mL, 0.5 h, and 163.04 μg·h/mL, respectively. In infected carp, by contrast, the corresponding values were 73.70 h, 2.66 μg/mL, 0.75 h, and 137.43 μg·h/mL, and the absorption and elimination of ENR were slower following oral administration. Very low levels of CIP were detected, which indicates a low extent of deethylation of ENR in crucian carp. 相似文献
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Sudershan Kumar Anil K. Srivastava V. K. Dumka Naresh Kumar Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous
administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition
followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration.
For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows. 相似文献
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Letizia Debertolis Gaetano Mari Barbara Merlo Sabine Merbach Heinz-Adolf Schoon Eleonora Iacono Heinrich Bollwein 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2016,17(2):189-197
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of induced endometritis on uterine blood flow in cows. Transrectal Doppler sonography was performed on uterine arteries of six cyclic cows before and for 4 days after inducing acute endometritis by intrauterine infusion of 720 mg of policresulen, and for 4 days of the following estrous cycle. Time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) increased (p < 0.001) and pulsatility index (PI) decreased (p < 0.0001) within 1 h of policresulen administration, and did not change (p > 0.05) in the next 4 days of the same cycle. TAMV and PI values in the subsequent cycle did not differ (p > 0.05) from the values measured before infusion and showed no changes (p > 0.05) within the cycle. Blood flow parameters were not related (p > 0.05) to plasma concentrations of progesterone and estrogen. All cows showed an acute endometritis determined by histopathological findings of biopsy samples taken 1 day after infusion and fibrotic endometrial alterations detected in the subsequent cycle. No relationships were observed between fibrotic changes of the endometrium and uterine blood flow during either cycle. In conclusion, acute inflammation is accompanied by a rise in uterine blood flow, but fibrotic alterations do not seem to be related to Doppler sonographic findings. 相似文献
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R. Raina S. Prawez D.J. Dimitrova N.K. Pankaj P.K. Verma 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):241-245
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum (n = 6) and urine (n = 4) in goats following a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentration-time curves of ciprofloxacin were best fitted by a two-compartment open model. The drug was detected in goat serum up to 12 h. The elimination rate constant (β) and elimination half-life (t1/2β) were 0.446 ± 0.04 h-1 and 1.630 ± 0.17 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 2.012 ± 0.37 l/kg and the total body clearance (ClB) was 16.27 ± 1.87 ml/min/kg. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 29.70% ± 10.34% of the administered dose within 36 h post administration. In vitro serum protein binding was 41% ± 13.10%. Thus, a single daily intravenous dose of 4 mg/kg is sufficient to maintain effective levels in serum and for 36 h in urine, allowing treatment of systemic, Gram-negative bacterial infections and urinary tract infections by most pathogens. 相似文献
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本试验将16只成年健康猫随机分成2组,每组8只(公母各半),采用单剂量随机平行对照试验设计,分别单剂量(4 mg/kg体重,以米尔贝肟计)经口内服国产(受试品)和进口(对照品)米尔贝肟吡喹酮片,进行其在猫体内的药代动力学比较研究.给药后按预定时间采集血样,采用HPLC法进行血浆中米尔贝肟和吡喹酮含量的测定,实测血药浓度—时间数据采用Winnonlin 5.2药代动力学分析软件计算药代动力学参数.结果显示,米尔贝肟吡喹酮片对照品单剂量内服后,米尔贝肟的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(20.08±7.57)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为6.00 h和(764.43±251.40)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(15.00±5.05)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(18.60±1.52)h;吡喹酮的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(6.27±5.26)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为(3.88±0.35)h和(1018.25±200.19)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(8.69±2.07)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(6.56±1.07)h.米尔贝肟吡喹酮片受试品单剂量内服后,米尔贝肟的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(15.07±4.05)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为(5.25±1.04)h和(806.65±299.01)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(15.18±5.97)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(17.47±1.97)h,相对生物利用度为101.20%;吡喹酮的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(11.11±4.62)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为(5.25±1.04)h和(880.47±241.27)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(9.64±2.76)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(10.52±1.52)h,相对生物利用度为119.16%.与对照品相比,受试品的药代动力学参数中除米尔贝肟的消除半衰期显著缩短、吡喹酮的达峰时间显著延迟外(P<0.05),其他药代动力学参数差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明,猫经口内服米尔贝肟吡喹酮片受试品与对照品后具有相似的药代动力学特征. 相似文献
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Three management programmes to improve the reproductive performance of a dairy herd were compared in a prospective controlled field study on one commercial farm. A total of 542 cows were examined for endometritis 22 to 28 days postpartum and assigned to one of three treatment groups: in group 1 the cows with signs of endometritis were treated with an intrauterine infusion of 100 ml of a 2 per cent polycondensated m-cresolsulphuric acid formaldehyde solution; in group 2 the cows with signs of endometritis were treated with an intrauterine infusion of 125 ml of a 20 per cent eucalyptus compositum solution; and in group 3 all the cows were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg of tiaprost, an analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) at two-week intervals, starting on day 43, until they were inseminated. Thirty-four per cent of the cows showed signs of endometritis. In group 3, oestrus detection efficiency was significantly higher than in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05), the interval to first service was shorter, and the cows had fewer days open than the cows in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The results indicate that management programmes based on the strategic use of PGF2alpha are an effective alternative to traditional programmes based on rectal palpations and intrauterine infusions to control endometritis at a herd level. 相似文献