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1.
活性氧是指含有氧元素且较Ｏ2活泼的自由基或非自由基的统称。在1931年Ｈａｂｅｒ就曾假设有·Ｏ-2(超氧根阴离子)存在,需氧生物2%～5%的摄入氧在氧化反应中可接受单电子或被歧化或被其他物质作用生成活性氧。饲料的加工、贮藏条件或其他因素不适宜,也易引起脂质过氧化产生活性氧。动物营养不良或发生病变,可导致活性氧的积累。现经试验证实,除·Ｏ2-外,常见的活性氧还有·ＯＨ(羟自由基)、ＨＯ2·-(超氧化物自由基)、Ｈ2Ｏ2(双氧水)、1Ｏ2(单线态氧)以及由自由基引起的脂质过氧化链式反应的中间产物ＲＯ·、ＲＯＯ·、ＲＯＯＨ等,其中起始… 相似文献
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《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2017,(4)
氧化应激是机体内氧化与抗氧化的失衡的反应,过多的高活性氧自由基不能清除从而造成细胞、组织、机体的损伤。肠道作为最易受到自由基攻击的器官,在动物生产中最易发生且隐蔽性强,给养殖业带来了巨大损失。本文对氧化应激的概念、发生机制进行了综述,并总结了氧化应激对动物肠道的危害及目前采取的营养学缓解措施,以期对畜禽生产有所帮助。 相似文献
3.
<正>动物自由基与疾病之间的关系已经成为现代医学和生命科学领域的一大热点。许多疾病的发生都与自由基的氧化破坏有关,而抗氧化剂则能减少或清除自由基,阻止或减轻自由基氧化应激的破坏〔1~2〕。在动物养殖过程中,由氧化应激导致的动物疾病有心脏病、肾脏病、腹水症、围产期疾病、胎衣不下、乳腺炎、消化道炎症等,已严重影响了畜牧业生产〔3~5〕。营养素及其代谢物与外源性抗氧化剂在自由基导致的重要生物损伤方面的修复、置换、 相似文献
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5.
天然虾青素的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
虾青素是一种酮基类胡萝卜素,具有着色、抗氧化、提高免疫力、抗癌等生物学功能。研究表明,家禽日粮中添加的天然虾青素可通过血液、肝脏和卵巢的消化、吸收与运输,最后在蛋黄中明显富集,使蛋黄颜色加深。同时因其具有羟基和不饱和酮基,可有效清除自由基,提高机体抗氧化酶活性,降低活性氧及丙二醛含量,减轻动物机体氧化应激损害。另外,天然虾青素可通过改善动物精液品质及生殖激素的分泌从而提高其生殖性能。在水产动物日粮中添加天然虾青素,不仅能增亮水产动物自身肤色,还可通过细胞免疫与体液免疫及抑制炎性因子NF-κB信号通路增强机体免疫力。文章综述了虾青素的结构特征、理化性质、提取方法和纯化,详细叙述了虾青素着色、抗氧化、提高机体免疫力、抗肿瘤等方面的功能,并分析了虾青素在畜牧与水产应用中的前景,旨在为其在畜牧生产中的进一步应用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
6.
虾青素是一种酮基类胡萝卜素,具有着色、抗氧化、提高免疫力、抗癌等生物学功能。研究表明,家禽日粮中添加的天然虾青素可通过血液、肝脏和卵巢的消化、吸收与运输,最后在蛋黄中明显富集,使蛋黄颜色加深。同时因其具有羟基和不饱和酮基,可有效清除自由基,提高机体抗氧化酶活性,降低活性氧及丙二醛含量,减轻动物机体氧化应激损害。另外,天然虾青素可通过改善动物精液品质及生殖激素的分泌从而提高其生殖性能。在水产动物日粮中添加天然虾青素,不仅能增亮水产动物自身肤色,还可通过细胞免疫与体液免疫及抑制炎性因子NF-κB信号通路增强机体免疫力。文章综述了虾青素的结构特征、理化性质、提取方法和纯化,详细叙述了虾青素着色、抗氧化、提高机体免疫力、抗肿瘤等方面的功能,并分析了虾青素在畜牧与水产应用中的前景,旨在为其在畜牧生产中的进一步应用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
7.
活性氧自由基在动物机体内的生物学作用 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23
自由基是近年来在基础医学和生命科学领域的研究热点,研究较多的以氧(O)、碳(C)和氮(N)为中心的活性基团。其中活性氧是机体内最常见自由基,也是近年来对其体内外生物学作用阐述最多的自由基种类之一。正常情况下,该类自由基在抗菌、消炎和抑制肿瘤等方面具有重要意义。但是,在疾病或某些外源性药物和毒物入侵后,机体抗氧化体系可能会发生紊乱,自由基代谢平衡因此失调,从而导致生物膜和大分子物质发生脂质过氧化损伤。文章对活性氧自由基在动物机体内的产生、性质和生物学作用,以及天然清除剂在机体内对自由基的抗氧化作用、自由基与疾病间的关系做了较全面综述。 相似文献
8.
肉鸡肠道氧化应激的来源与调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
动物胃肠道（GIT）主要负责营养物质的消化、吸收，同时也抵御病原体和毒素的危害，对动物健康起着重要作用。生理上，活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）由GIT上皮细胞通过氧代谢或肠道共生菌产生，并调节肠道健康。但ROS、RNS过量会导致抗氧化损伤，进而形成氧化应激。肉鸡GIT中的氧化应激主要源于环境、饲料和病源微生物，它影响肉鸡的健康状况、生产性能及肉质。补充外源性的维生素、功能性氨基酸和具有抗氧化特性的植物提取物、寡糖、虫草饲料添加剂等有助于减轻肉鸡GIT中的氧化应激。文章综述了引起肉鸡肠道氧化应激的因素及调控措施。
[关键词]肉鸡|胃肠道|氧化应激|热应激 相似文献
9.
氧气对植物的生命活动是必需的,没有氧气,植物不能正常存活。氧气在参与植物生理生化反应过程中会产生一种代谢副产物—活性氧。活性氧一旦在植物体内积累,将会对植物造成氧化损伤。活性氧主要包括超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢羟基自由基、过羟基自由基等。文章主要从活性氧对植物细胞的作用及活性氧的清除等方面进行概述。 相似文献
10.
高密度、集约化水产养殖中氨氮、亚硝酸盐等有害氮源大量积累,严重破坏水环境并损坏水产动物的健康,对水产养殖行业造成极大危害。好氧反硝化细菌可将有害无机氮还原为氮气溢出,有效改善水质,而菌种筛选是好氧反硝化细菌研究和应用中一个关键环节。本文对好氧反硝化细菌菌种的筛选、评价方法进行归纳、总结,从样品采集、培养基配制、培养方式及评价方法等方面探讨适合水产养殖的方法和标准,以期对水产中好氧反硝化菌种筛选和评价提供参考,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
11.
Pregnancy is a physiological period during which different metabolic pathways are altered, resulting in greater oxygen consumption and modifications of the consumption of energy substrates, with a consequent greater exposure to oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to determine and describe the serum profile of some antioxidant biomarkers and of oxidative stress markers during pregnancy in healthy dogs. Twenty nonpregnant (NP) and 20 pregnant (P) female dogs were studied. Serum samples were obtained from the animals during the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks of pregnancy or during diestrus for the dosage of antioxidant molecules (vitamin E, vitamin A, zinc and magnesium) and oxidative stress markers (TBARS and carbonyl protein). The results revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the P and NP groups during the 3rd and 5th week for vitamins A and E (NP>P), and between the 1st and 3rd week for magnesium (NP>P). The other parameters did not differ between weeks within the same group or between groups. The present study shows that the levels of antioxidant molecules of pregnant dogs differed from that of nonpregnant dogs. These mechanisms may represent a protection against oxidative stress during this period for this species, a fact that definitely deserves further study. Also, the participation of other protective mechanisms and the interference of the fetal-placental unit with oxidative stress are still unknown. 相似文献
12.
畜禽氧化应激与炎症及多酚的干预作用 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(2):14-22
氧化应激是畜禽体内活性氧产生与保护机制消除的失衡,可导致组织产生氧化损伤,最终诱发炎性疾病。氧化应激可激活多种转录因子,导致炎症途径相关基因的差异表达,由氧化应激引起的炎症是许多慢性疾病的病因。多酚作为植物次生代谢产物,被认为是有效的辅助治疗佐剂,在人和动物中发挥潜在的抗氧化和抗炎作用。多酚也被认为是具有应用潜力的畜禽饲料添加剂。综述了畜禽氧化应激与炎症的关系及机制、多酚对畜禽的抗氧化和抗炎作用及机制,以期为动物疾病抗氧化疗法的应用和新型抗炎药物的开发提供参考。 相似文献
13.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
活性氧(ROS)引起的氧化应激是动物生殖细胞和早期胚胎发生凋亡或永久性发育阻滞的主要原因之一。因此,在体外培养系统中添加抗氧化剂成为降低氧化应激对动物生殖细胞损伤和提高早期胚胎发育能力的方法之一。α-硫辛酸(LA)作为一种强抗氧化剂,可以通过直接清除自由基、螯合金属离子并促进其他抗氧化物质形成从而发挥抗氧化作用。在生殖细胞和早期胚胎中,LA可以通过降低ROS水平、促进抗氧化酶活性和线粒体活性来提高生殖细胞质量和早期胚胎发育能力。本文概述了LA抗氧化作用机制及其在动物生殖细胞和早期胚胎发育过程中抗氧化作用的研究进展,为进一步探究LA抗氧化作用的分子机制提供理论依据和研究思路。 相似文献
14.
Haolin Zhang Zhennan Pan Jiaqian Ju Chunhua Xing Xiaohan Li Mengmeng Shan Shaochen Sun 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2021,(1):262-271
Background: Environmental pollution induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammalian oocytes, which can cause defects in reproduction;however, the molecular regulation of oxidative stress in oocytes is still largely unknown. In the present study, we identified that dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1) is an important molecule regulating oocyte mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative stress/apoptosis. DRP1 is a member of the dynamin GTPase superfamily localized at the mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interaction site, where it regulates the fission of mitochondria and other related cellular processes.Results: Our results show that DRP1 was stably expressed during different stages of porcine oocyte meiosis, and might have a potential relationship with mitochondria as it exhibited similar localization. Loss of DRP1 activity caused failed porcine oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion, as well as defects in polar body extrusion.Further analysis indicated that a DRP1 deficiency caused mitochondrial dysfunction and induced oxidative stress,which was confirmed by increased reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, the incidence of early apoptosis increased as detected by positive Annexin-V signaling.Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicate that DRP1 is essential for porcine oocyte maturation and that a DRP1 deficiency could induce mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. 相似文献
15.
Brzezińska-Slebodzińska E 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(8):661-670
The effect of hyperthyroidism on some oxidative stress parameters is reported. The hyperthyroid state was induced by intraperitoneal
injection of triiodothyronine (T3)(10 μg/kg body weight) for 14 days in two groups of female rabbits (3 and 12 months old). The T3 injection caused increase by 1.5-fold to 1.7-fold in T3 serum level, and 2-fold to 3-fold decrease (age-dependent) in body weight gain at the end of experimental period. The induced
hyperthyroidism caused a significant increase in the serum concentration of the lipid peroxidation end-product malondialdehyde
and lowered erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress when subjected to the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
hydrochloride in vitro. The half maximum haemolysis time (HT50) decreased in the both experimental groups of rabbits, by about 12 min in the 3-month-old animals and 27 min in the 12-month-old
animals. The study showed for the first time that hyperthyroidism enhances the ability of plasma to protect against iron-binding
and iron oxidizing organic radicals. The scavenging property and antioxidant capacity of plasma against iron-binding inorganic
radicals also increased. Measurement of erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress and the protective ability of plasma against
oxygen radicals discriminates the thyroid hormone modulatory effects in defence mechanisms against lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
16.
动物机体内存在氧化还原平衡,正常状态下保持相对的稳态,当环境或自身状态发生改变时,这种平衡可能会被打破,进而引发机体氧化应激。研究发现,引起氧化应激的因素有很多：如环境因素、动物自身状态改变和外源致病菌以及病毒等,这些因素造成的氧化应激对动物的健康状况、生产性能和繁殖功能等方面会产生不同程度的影响,严重时甚至引发动物死亡,因此,寻求和添加安全有效的抗氧化制剂以调节动物氧化还原状态具有重要的现实意义。目前,针对动物氧化应激的营养性添加剂主要有益生菌、维生素、微量元素、激素类和植物类活性物质等。本文对引发动物氧化应激的主要原因和其对动物产生的影响进行了总结,并概括了具有缓解动物氧化应激功能的营养性饲料添加剂,以期为动物氧化应激和其缓解策略的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Oxidative stress and bovine liver diseases: role of glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article summarizes the different types of free radicals, antioxidants and the effect of oxidative stress on the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in bovine liver diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that the formation of reactive oxygen species is a common occurrence associated with most if not all disease processes. The overall importance of reactive oxygen species to the progression and severity of various disease states varies greatly depending on the conditions and whether the disease is acute or chronic. Free radical researches in animals are in progress and further investigations are needed to establish the involvement of reactive oxygen species in diseases affecting different animal species and the pathology they produce. 相似文献
18.
氧化应激诱导机体自由基的产生是有氧代谢的一个组成部分。活性氧(reactiveoxygenspecies,ROS)是机体正常代谢过程和某些白细胞群体在疾病防御过程中产生的。越来越多的研究表明,机体组织和细胞产生的氧化损伤会直接或间接诱导许多疾病的发生,进而影响动物健康和福利。高产奶牛的生产性能在一定程度上可通过补充抗氧化剂来优化。概述了氧化应激的研究进展,综述了围产期奶牛氧化应激、抗氧化防御系统及其与炎症反应的关系,以期为进一步揭示抗氧化剂预防免疫功能障碍和宿主组织氧化损伤的分子机理,避免围产期奶牛发生由氧化应激诱导的代谢病和临床型疾病提供新思路。 相似文献
19.
Locher L Sattler T Wittek T 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(9-10):419-431
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in living organisms under physiological and pathological conditions. They have to be neutralized by the antioxidative system which consists of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants. Both, the activity of antioxidative enzymes and the capacity of non enzymatic antioxidants are known as the antioxidative status of the organism. If the balance between prooxidative processes and antioxidative system is disturbed oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress is considered to be a major risk factor for the reduction of defence mechanisms and development of diseases. The aim of the present work is to describe various aspects of the antioxidative status in several production animal species. Conclusions for management and therapy are drawn when possible. Furthermore the paper provides an overview of methods for assessment of antioxidative metabolism. Farm animals undergo several periods of severe challenge of the antioxidative system during the production cycle. Especially young animals in the first weeks of their life and animals during the periparturient period are at high risk. High yielding live stock generally have to carry a higher oxidative burden in comparison to animals which are on a medium production level or in extensive systems. Other risk factors are unsuitable or spoiled components in the diet and heat stress. Exogenous antioxidant supply can be optimized by feeding fresh roughage or silage of good quality or if necessary by using additives. Changes of the antioxidative system have been described in association with displaced abomasum (DA), abomasal volvulus (AV) and reproductive problems in swine. Pre- and postoperative supplementation of antioxidants has been used with good results as supportive treatment in therapy of cattle with DA. 相似文献
20.
Exercise has been shown to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a point that can exceed antioxidant defenses, to cause oxidative stress. The aim of our trials was to evaluate oxidative stress and recovery times in trained dogs during two different hunting exercises, with reactive oxygen metabolites-derivatives (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests. A group of nine privately owned Italian hounds were included. A 20-min aerobic exercise and a 4-h aerobic exercise, after 30 days of rest, were performed by the dogs. Our results show an oxidative stress after exercise due to both the high concentration of oxidants (d-ROMs) and the low level of antioxidant power (BAP). Besides, the recovery time is faster after the 4-h aerobic exercise than the 20-min aerobic exercise. Oxidative stress monitoring during dogs exercise could become an interesting aid to establish ideal adaptation to training. 相似文献