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1.
为评估1株产纤维素酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1株的安全性,本试验对其进行了急性毒性、慢性毒性、细菌易位、代谢产物及药敏等安全性试验。急性毒性试验分为高剂量组（1.30×1010 CFU/mL）、中剂量组（0.90×1010 CFU/mL）、低剂量组（0.65×1010 CFU/mL）和生理盐水对照组,一次性灌服后观察14 d,处死存活小鼠,剖检。慢性毒性试验分为高剂量组（0.65×1010 CFU/mL）、中剂量组（0.65×109 CFU/mL）、低剂量组（0.65×108 CFU/mL）和生理盐水对照组,各组灌服1次/d,连续灌服30 d。结果表明,急性毒性试验小鼠的精神、食欲、行为、粪便等均未见异常,试验鼠全部存活,剖检未见病理变化;慢性毒性试验小鼠均无异常临床变化,剖检小鼠也未见病变,高、中、低剂量组及对照组间小鼠增重、饲料利用率、血液学指标、血液生化指标及脏器系数均差异不显著（P>0.05）;解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1菌株在小鼠体内未发生易位,氨基脱羧酶、吲哚试验均为阴性,在测定的24种常用药物中,除林可霉素耐药外,菌株对其余23种药物均敏感。试验证实,解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1株的安全性良好。 相似文献
2.
为探究影响水稻（Oryza sativa L.）秸秆青贮质量的腐败菌种类并筛选适合其青贮的优质乳酸菌,研究了青贮前后水稻秸秆中可培养微生物的变化并分离鉴定2株乳酸菌。使用稀释平板涂布法将青贮前后可培养微生物计数并分离纯化,限制性酶切分析ARDRA技术分析分离纯化后的微生物多样性,结合ARDRA和RAPD-PCR技术对青贮中优势乳酸菌进行分离鉴定。结果表明：青贮前后好氧或兼性厌氧细菌菌落总数由7.6×107 cfu·g-1下降到2.43×106 cfu·g-1,真菌菌落数变化较为明显,从4.43×105 cfu·g-1下降到86 cfu·g-1,乳酸菌菌落数从4.16×105 cfu·g-1上升到6.61×106 cfu·g-1。ARDRA聚类分析及16SrDNA测序显示青贮前存在腐败细菌芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）和致病菌阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter）,青贮后腐败细菌主要是芽孢杆菌,腐败真菌主要为青霉菌属（Penicillium）。筛选出的2株乳酸菌分别属于乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus casei）和片球菌属（Pediococcus ethanolidurans）,需进一步验证是否可作为青贮饲料添加剂。水稻秸秆青贮后依然有腐败菌的存在,需进一步提高其青贮发酵工艺,防治有氧恶化。 相似文献
3.
试验旨在研究乳酸菌微生态制剂对冬毛期北极狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选取135日龄、体重相近的健康雌性北极狐40只,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.02%硫酸黏杆菌素;Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+1 mL乳酸菌微生态制剂（乳酸菌活菌数为3×109 CFU/mL）;Ⅳ组饲喂基础日粮+10 mL乳酸菌微生态制剂。结果显示：与对照组相比,添加乳酸菌微生态制剂可显著提高冬毛期北极狐平均日增重（P<0.05）,并显著降低料重比（P<0.05）;可显著提高冬毛期北极狐粗脂肪和总能表观消化率（P<0.05）;添加高水平乳酸菌微生态制剂可显著降低冬毛期北极狐血清总胆固醇水平（P<0.05）。此外,抗生素组北极狐血清谷丙转氨酶水平极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,谷草转氨酶水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,当北极狐日采食活乳酸菌数达到3×109 CFU/mL时即可促进其生长,粗脂肪和总能表观消化率显著提高;当北极狐日采食活乳酸菌数达到3×1010 CFU/mL时,血清总胆固醇水平显著降低;长期添加硫酸黏杆菌素可能造成北极狐肝脏损伤。 相似文献
4.
试验采用分段式补料批次发酵技术对1株畜禽用凝结芽孢杆菌的发酵水平进行了研究,对数期补料促使菌体量大量积累,稳定期补料促进芽孢大量形成,从而达到高菌体量和高芽孢率的目的。试验结果表明,对数期补加淀粉量为总淀粉量的10%,豆粉和鱼粉(质量比为2:1)补加量为总豆粉和鱼粉量(质量比为2:1)的5%,补加方式为2次等量补加(间歇10～12 h),发酵水平由分批发酵6.80×109 CFU/mL提高到8.30×109 CFU/mL;稳定期最佳补料浓度为0.10 g/L碳酸钙、0.156 g/L磷酸二氢钠、0.30 g/L蛋氨酸,最佳补料方式为1次性补加,经稳定期补料优化,芽孢率由分批发酵的75.78%提高到85.63%。因此,采用分段式补料批次发酵技术能够进一步提升发酵液的菌体数和芽孢率。 相似文献
5.
为探究辽宁省西丰县鹿场环境中细菌的分布及耐药性情况,本试验采集了鹿场粪便、饮水、空气、饲料等样品,进行了细菌的分离培养及鉴定,对分离到的菌株16S rDNA基因进行PCR扩增、测序分析,并对分选出的致病菌和条件致病菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,所测样品共分离纯化出27株菌,公鹿精饲料、母鹿精饲料、粗饲料和水的含菌量分别为1.0×105、8.7×104、2.7×107 CFU/g和2.9×104 CFU/mL,表明水和粗饲料不符合国家规定的养殖场环境卫生要求;16S rDNA基因序列在NCBI比对后,鉴定出有大肠埃希菌、志贺氏菌等15种不同菌株,其中致病菌和条件致病菌共13种,这13种细菌对呋喃唑酮、多黏菌素B和头孢氨苄等耐药,对头孢曲松、环丙沙星和丁胺卡那等药物敏感。本试验结果可为鹿场细菌性疾病的防控及用药提供参考依据。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究复合益生菌对肉鸽生长性能和免疫机能的影响。选取72对种鸽和144只1日龄乳鸽,乳鸽称量初始体重后随机分成4个试验组,每个试验组6个重复,每个重复3对种鸽及6只乳鸽。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,对照组补饲保健砂,Ⅰ组补饲保健砂+复合菌Ⅰ（6×107 CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌+6×107 CFU/g乳双歧杆菌）,Ⅱ组补饲保健砂+复合菌Ⅱ（6×107 CFU/g乳双歧杆菌+6×107 CFU/g粪肠球菌）,Ⅲ组补饲保健砂+复合菌Ⅲ（6×107 CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌+6×107 CFU/g粪肠球菌）。试验期56 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组显著提高了肉鸽的28和56日龄体重和平均日增重（P<0.05）。Ⅱ组显著提高了28日龄肉鸽的胸腺指数（P<0.05）;Ⅲ组显著提高了56日龄肉鸽的脾脏指数（P<0.05）。3个复合菌组提高了28和56日龄肉鸽血清中免疫球蛋白的含量,但均未达到显著水平（P>0.05）。综上所述,保健砂中添加复合益生菌可提高肉鸽的生长性能、免疫器官指数,并一定程度上能提高肉鸽的免疫力,其中乳双歧杆菌和粪肠球菌组效果最好。 相似文献
7.
试验以地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液为研究对象,旨在建立1种快速、稳定、灵敏度高的活菌计数方法,并探讨MTT-分光光度法用于活菌计数的可行性。试验筛选显色反应终止液最适浓度、最适反应波长、最适反应时间、最适菌液浓度等,考察不同培养基、培养液保存后和其他干扰物对测定结果的影响,并对比MTT-分光光度法与稀释平板法测定发酵菌液中地衣芽孢杆菌活菌数结果的关系。结果显示,在最大吸收波长550 nm处测定OD值,反应时间为1 h,反应终止液为1.0 mol/L盐酸,MTT添加量为0.2 mL,新鲜的地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液OD值>0.04。菌液浓度为108～109 CFU/m L时,OD550 nm值与稀释平板法得到的活菌数具有很好的线性对应关系,当菌液浓度<108 CFU/mL时对应关系不再成立。研究表明,活菌量>108 CFU/mL时,MTT-分光光度法不受地衣芽孢杆菌生长阶段的影响,可准确计量地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液活菌量相对应的吸光度,从而快速、准确地检测活菌数。 相似文献
8.
为研究不同浓度的赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长的影响,用2种不同浓度的赤霉酸溶液单独添加饲料乳酸菌（A4+A7）和纤维素分解菌（Nf+Y6）进行培养52 h,其中每4 h作一个单位测定出OD600 nm值并绘制生长曲线,分析不同浓度的赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长的影响。结果表明,赤霉酸浓度为10 mg/L时,各组OD600 nm值分别为0.64、0.70、0.84、0.78、0.72,其中试验组2的OD600 nm值与对照组和其他试验组相比有明显增高,总活菌数高达11.6×108 CFU/mL,比对照组（1.63×108 CFU/mL）高7倍以上;当赤霉酸浓度增加到20 mg/L时,各组OD600 nm值分别为0.64、0.60、0.59、0.59、0.63,其中各试验组的OD600 nm值与对照组相比无明显差异（P>0.05）,试验组活菌数（1.60×108 CFU/mL）与对照组相比（1.63×108 CFU/mL）无明显差异（P>0.05）。通过试验数据和生长曲线得知赤霉酸浓度在10 mg/L时能促进乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌的生长繁殖;赤霉酸浓度为20 mg/L时乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌的生长速度明显下降。综上提示,适当添加赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长有明显的促进作用,赤霉酸浓度过高则饲料添加菌的生长量降低。 相似文献
9.
本试验旨在研究体外感染金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌对奶牛子宫内膜组织中细胞因子白介素-6（IL-6）、IL-1β和IL-8的表达及损伤程度的影响。以体外培养的奶牛子宫内膜组织作为研究对象,采用1×105~1×109 CFU/mL大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌对奶牛子宫内膜组织进行体外感染,通过实时荧光定量PCR和ELISA方法检测两种细菌刺激后奶牛子宫内膜组织中IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8 mRNA与蛋白的表达量,并用HE染色法观察两种细菌感染后奶牛子宫内膜组织病理学切片。结果显示,1×105~1×109 CFU/mL大肠杆菌体外感染后,奶牛子宫内膜组织中IL-6、IL-1β和IL-8 mRNA表达量均极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）;金黄色葡萄球菌感染浓度为1×105、1×106 CFU/mL时,IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达量极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）,感染浓度为1×107 CFU/mL时,IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）,感染浓度为1×106 CFU/mL时,IL-8 mRNA表达量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其他感染浓度均与空白对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。奶牛子宫内膜组织感染1×105~1×109 CFU/mL金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌时,IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8蛋白表达量均极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）。相同浓度的大肠杆菌感染奶牛子宫内膜组织后,IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8 mRNA与蛋白表达量均极显著高于金黄色葡萄球菌感染组（P<0.01）。HE切片染色结果显示,大肠杆菌感染后仍有部分上皮细胞保留,而金黄色葡萄球菌感染后上皮细胞全部脱落。本试验结果表明,大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌感染奶牛子宫内膜组织后,引起的炎症反应不同。大肠杆菌感染后,促炎性细胞因子被显著上调,而金黄色葡萄球菌感染后破坏子宫内膜上皮细胞程度更加严重。 相似文献
10.
为探索在疫苗研制过程中牛支原体抗原收获时间及抗原定量替代方法,将牛支原体08M株接种于含10%马血清的Thiaucourt's培养基,在110 h内同时监测其颜色变化单位（color change units,CCU）、菌落形成单位（colony forming units,CFU）、菌体蛋白浓度和核酸含量的变化,绘制相应曲线。活菌计数结果（CCU和CFU）显示,牛支原体生长可分为明显的4期,10 h进入对数期,30 h进入稳定期,活菌数最高可达1.0×108 CCU/mL和7.7×107 CFU/mL,75 h进入衰亡期;蛋白浓度从15 h开始迅速增长,至35 h蛋白浓度最高,为72.06 μg/mL,此后维持在58.38~70.65 μg/mL;核酸含量从15 h开始增长,至25 h后Ct值维持在15.32~17.84。结果表明,牛支原体蛋白含量在稳定期初期与活菌数具有良好的相关性。因此,在牛支原体灭活疫苗生产中,稳定期初期是最佳抗原收获时间,可用蛋白浓度法代替活菌计数法进行抗原定量。 相似文献
11.
This study was aimed to explore the effect,dose of Lactobacillus reuteri on inhibition of pathogenic Escherichia coli infection on Kunming mice as well as its potential mechanism. 96 Kunming mice were randomly allocated into four groups with 4 replicates per group and 6 mice per replicate,which were control group,low dose group,middle dose group and high dose group. All of the mice feed commercial basal feedstuff,meanwhile the mice in control group drank tap-water,three treatments were supplemented with 1.0×106,1.0×107 and 1.0×108 CFU/mL Lactobacillus reuteri in water. The feeding period was 28 days. All the mice were weighted, and the ADFI,ADG and F/G were calculated at the end of experiment.At the day of 28,pathogenic Escherichia coli (4.98×109 CFU/mL) were irrigated to study the mortality. The indexes of intestinotoxin and antioxidation in serum and cecal microbacteria were inspected.The results indicated that supplemented with middle dose of Lactobacillus reuteri could significantly improve the final body weight,ADG compared with the control (P<0.05). The mortality, serum intestinotoxin level and MDA concentration,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05),while the T-SOD,T-AOC,GSH-Px,Lacobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly improved (P<0.05).In conclusion,with Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation,the growth performance was improved and antioxidant capacity and cecal microbacteria were enhanced after pathogenic Escherichia coli infected, mouse mortality caused by the pathogenic Escherichia coli was effectively reduced,and the effect of 1.0×107 CFU/mL Lactobacillus reuteri was the best. 相似文献
12.
本研究旨在探索益生罗伊氏乳杆菌抑制致病性大肠杆菌感染昆明鼠的效果、剂量及潜在机制。将96只昆明鼠随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只,分别为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组。昆明鼠饲喂商品化基础日粮,对照组饮用自来水,低、中、高剂量组在饮水中分别添加1.0×106、1.0×107及1.0×108 CFU/mL罗伊氏乳杆菌。试验期为28 d,试验结束后称重,计算昆明鼠平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）及料重比（F/G）;并灌胃致病性大肠杆菌（4.98×109 CFU/mL）,观察小鼠死亡率;检测血清大肠杆菌肠毒素含量、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群数量。结果显示,中剂量组小鼠末重和平均日增重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,小鼠死亡率、血清大肠杆菌肠毒素浓度和丙二醛（MDA）水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。中剂量组血清总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和总抗氧化力（T-AOC）活力均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,总乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著提高（P<0.05）,大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上,在小鼠饮水中添加罗伊氏乳杆菌可提高生长性能,改善攻毒后机体抗氧化力和盲肠菌群结构,降低血清大肠杆菌肠毒素含量和小鼠死亡率,有效降低致病性大肠杆菌的感染造成的死亡率,其中添加1.0×107 CFU/mL伊氏乳杆菌效果最好。 相似文献
13.
WANG Yan CHEN Nan-nan HOU Mei-ru YIN Jun-yi LIU Yu ZHOU Qing-min QIN Ping-wei SHI Tong-rui 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(3):928-934
In order to determine the safety of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1, we carried out the acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, bacterial translocation, product of metabolism and drug susceptibility test. Acute toxicity test in high dose groups (1.30×1010 CFU/mL), middle dose group(0.90×1010 CFU/mL), low dose group (0.65×1010 CFU/mL) and normal saline control group. After the acute toxicity test, the mice were sacrificed 14 days after the observation. Chronic toxicity test of each group was administered once a day for 30 d, chronic toxicity test in high dose groups (0.65×1010 CFU/mL), middle dose group (0.65×109 CFU/mL), low dose group (0.65×108 CFU/mL) and normal saline control group. The results showed that all mice were without exception phenomenon, the spirit, appetite, behavior and feces and so on, no pathological changes were found on the acute toxicity test. Chronic toxicity test of the mice were no abnormal clinical changes, and there were no pathological changes. Body weight and feed utilization rate of mice, hematology, blood biochemistry indexes and viscera coefficient difference were not significant (P>0.05);Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1 strain did not occur translocation in mice, amino acid decarboxylase and indole test were negative, among the 24 kinds of commonly used drugs, the strains were sensitive to 23 kinds of drugs except the cillimycin. This experiment proved that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1 had good security. 相似文献
14.
ZHANG Ting LIU Han-lu XING Jing-ya SI Hua-zhe ZHONG Wei YUE Zhi-gang LI Guang-yu 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(1):94-99
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus probiotics on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes in arctic foxes during the winter fur-growing period. Forty 135-day-old female arctic foxes with a similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate. The foxes in control group were fed basal diets,while that of groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed basal diet+0.02% colistin sulfate, basal diet+1 mL Lactobacillus probiotics (active Lactobacillus was 3×109 CFU/mL) and basal diet+10 mL Lactobacillus probiotics,respectively. The results showed that:Compared to the control group,the addition of Lactobacillus probiotics significantly increased the average daily gain (P<0.05) and significantly decreased the F/G of arctic foxes during the winter fur-growing period (P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of EE and GE were significantly increased when arctic foxes fed diet supplemented with Lactobacillus probiotics (P<0.05).Supplementation of high level Lactobacillus probiotics could significantly decrease serum total cholesterol (P<0.05). Additionally,serum alanine aminotransferase concentration of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that of the other three treatments (P<0.01). Moreover,the serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion,the addition of Lactobacillus probiotics had beneficial effects on growth performance and apparent digestibility of EE and GE when arctic foxes got 3×109 CFU/mL active Lactobacillus from the probiotics per day. The total cholesterol in serum was significantly decreased when arctic foxes get 3×1010 CFU/mL active Lactobacillus from the probiotics per day. It might cause the liver damage when arctic fox got colistin sulfate for a long time. 相似文献
15.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different compound probiotics on growth performance and immune function of pigeons. 72 pairs of breeding pigeons and 144 squabs were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 3 pairs of breeding pigeons and 6 young pigeons per replicate.The pigeons in all groups were fed the basal diet with health care sand,meanwhile and pigeons in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ supplemented with compound probiotics Ⅰ (6×107 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus+6×107 CFU/g Bifidobacterium lactis),compound probiotics Ⅱ (6×107 CFU/g Bifidobacterium lactis+6×107 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis) and compound probiotics Ⅲ (6×107 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus+6×107 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis),resperctively. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed that compared with the control group,compound probiotics Ⅱ could significantly increase the body weight and the average daily gain of pigeon at 28 and 56 days of age (P<0.05). The thymus index of the 28 days old pigeon in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the spleen index of the 56 days old pigeon in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05). All the compound probiotics groups could increase serum immunoglobulin content of 28 and 56 days old pigeon,but did not reach a significant level (P>0.05).In summary,compound probiotics could improve the growth performance and immune organ indexes,and improve the immunity of pigeon to a certain extent, the Bifidobacterium lactis and Enterococcus feacalis had the better effect. 相似文献
16.
试验旨在研究补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响.根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.05 g枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为2.0×1011 CFU/g)和0.133 g植物乳杆菌(活菌数为3.0×1010 CFU/g)、0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌、0.15 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.399 g植物乳杆菌.结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响均差异不显著(P> 0.05);但补饲复合微生态制剂泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性呈升高的趋势;试验Ⅱ组泌乳期伊犁母马血液中球蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).过氧化氢酶的活性试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P <0.05),试验Ⅰ组与其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05);总抗氧化能力试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).因此,补饲植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌复合物对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,改善氮沉积,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌复合物时效果较为明显. 相似文献