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1.
为了解进口饲料中沙门氏菌的耐药情况,分离、鉴定进口饲料中的沙门氏菌,采用药敏试剂盒对分离的沙门氏菌菌株进行了14种抗菌药物的敏感性试验。结果显示,从进口饲料中分离鉴定出的148株沙门氏菌对14种抗菌药物的敏感率均在93%（138/148）以上,对阿奇霉素完全敏感;148株沙门氏菌中有8株具有耐药性,以多重耐药为主,分离自7个国家和地区的样品。结果说明,进口饲料中沙门氏菌耐药率相对较低,但部分国家样品中的沙门氏菌存在耐药,而且多为多重耐药。建议加强进口饲料中的沙门氏菌及其耐药性监测,防止国外沙门氏菌,特别是耐药沙门氏菌的传入。 相似文献
2.
试验通过CLSI推荐的K-B药敏纸片法,对胶东地区分离的肉鸡大肠杆菌进行耐药性研究。结果显示:169株肉鸡大肠杆菌分离株对17种抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性,对四环素、多西环素、阿莫西林耐药的菌株数量较多,耐药率分别为94.08%、94.08%、92.90%;对多黏菌素B耐药菌株数量最少,耐药率仅为0.59%;耐药率低于30%的有4种,依次为磷霉素、大观霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、多黏菌素B;其余10种药物耐药率在36.09%~79.89%。169株大肠杆菌中仅有一株大肠杆菌表现单一耐药性,其余168株分离菌均对抗菌药物表现出多重耐药,耐药范围在3~15种,其中对9~13种抗菌药物具有多重耐药性的分离菌共106株,占全部分离菌的62.72%。 相似文献
3.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(18)
为了解仔猪源沙门氏菌对抗菌药物和消毒剂的耐药情况,从广西崇左市某猪场采集仔猪肛拭子样品150份,采用常规的细菌分离方法分离沙门氏菌,运用营养肉汤稀释法测定了分离菌对常用的13种抗菌药物和4种常用消毒剂的敏感性。结果表明:150份样品中共分离出13株沙门氏菌,分离率为8.7%;13株分离菌对链霉素、硫酸新霉素、乙酰甲喹、土霉素、庆大霉素有较高的耐药性,耐药率分别为92.3%、69.2%、61.5%、53.8%、53.8%,对头孢曲松、头孢他啶和磺胺间甲嘧啶钠的耐药率为0;多重耐药类数最多为耐9类抗菌药物,多重耐药率为76.9%;13株分离菌对消毒剂百毒杀的耐药率为23.1%,而对新洁尔灭消毒液、聚维酮碘溶液及病毒灭敏感。 相似文献
4.
从13个动物园的非人灵长类动物中采集了384份粪便样品,经过细菌分离培养后,并经染色镜检和生化试验等分离鉴定出153株沙门氏菌,分离率为39.84%。按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)的判定标准,对分离得到的153株沙门氏菌进行了22种抗生素药物的药敏试验,结果表明,153株均表现出不同的程度的耐药性,其中,羧苄西林的耐药率最高,为95.42%,而亚胺硫霉素最敏感,敏感率为90.20%;且153株沙门氏菌分离株均为多重耐药菌株(n≥2),其中1株的耐药数可达18种之多,耐2~12种抗菌药物的菌株多达123株,占分离菌株的80.39%。从不同动物园分离的沙门氏菌对22种抗生素耐药情况的方差分析来看,在所调查的13个动物园中,不同动物园沙门氏菌分离株的耐药情况也不同。 相似文献
5.
本研究旨在初步了解重庆市羊源沙门氏菌的耐药性及耐药基因流行情况。在5个山羊养殖场采集185份山羊粪便样品，经选择性增菌和PCR鉴定分离沙门氏菌，确定了其血清型，测定了分离菌对28种抗菌药物的敏感性，并检测了喹诺酮耐药决定区（QRDR）的耐药突变位点和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因。共分离到羊源沙门氏菌11株，其中10株为德尔卑沙门氏菌。分离的菌株对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟、四环素和培氟沙星耐药严重；9株菌表现为多重耐药，对3~7类药物耐药。所有菌株均存在QRDR耐药突变且携带blaTEM基因；7株菌携带1~5种PMQR基因。本研究分离的羊源沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物整体耐药较为严重，且广泛存在耐药突变和携带耐药基因。 相似文献
6.
金黄色葡萄球菌是引起人和动物感染及食物中毒的重要病原体之一。为了解四川省山羊金黄色葡萄球菌的健康带菌情况及其耐药性,采集了省内4个养殖场共32只山羊的鼻腔棉拭子样本,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验。共从11只羊的鼻腔棉拭子样本中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为34.4％。对临床分离株进行了苯唑西林、头孢西丁、万古霉素等11种抗菌药物的药敏试验,结果表明,分离株对氨苄西林的耐药率为72.7％,对其它抗菌药物没有耐药性,未发现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。本研究结果表明,四川地区山羊的金黄色葡萄球菌的带菌情况较普遍,因此,应该规范屠宰过程的卫生操作,并进行严格监控,减少金黄色葡萄球菌的污染。 相似文献
7.
《中国奶牛》2020,(9)
为了解上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌种类、分布及药物敏感特性,为奶牛乳房炎治疗选用敏感性药物提供依据。采集该地区奶牛场71份临床型奶牛乳房炎奶样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,71份奶样共检出金黄色葡萄球菌12株,分离率最高,为16.9%,大肠杆菌11株,占15.5%,克雷伯氏菌8株,占11.3%,粪肠球菌5株,占7.0%。药敏试验显示,4种主要病原菌主要对头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、磺胺异唑抗菌药物表现不同程度的耐药,耐药率在75.0%～100.0%,对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物较敏感,敏感率在60.0%～100.0%;多重耐药菌株共16株,占22.5%,大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌存在同时对9种和10种抗菌药物耐药现象,多重耐药较严重。说明引起该地区奶牛乳房炎的关键致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、克雷伯氏菌。细菌药敏试验结果显示:分离菌株对氨苄西林、磺胺异唑、庆大霉素具有较强耐药性;对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物敏感,上述研究结果可为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
8.
《广西畜牧兽医》2015,(5)
为了解广西地区临床病鸡中沙门氏菌的流行情况以及沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药状况,本研究对2014年—2015年送检的121只疑似沙门氏菌感染病鸡进行细菌的分离鉴定以及耐药性研究。结果共分离到49株沙门氏菌,包括4种血清型,其中鸡白痢沙门氏菌(S.pullorum)41株、鸡伤寒沙门氏菌(S.gallinarum)4株、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium)3株和肯塔基沙门氏菌(S.kentucky)1株。分离株对磺胺异恶唑耐药率最高,达93.9%,其次为复方新诺明、萘啶酸、阿莫西林和氨苄西林,多重耐药菌株占93.7%,分离株最多可耐10种抗生素。结果表明,自广西地区送检的病鸡中分离到的沙门氏菌以鸡白痢沙门氏菌为优势血清型,鸡源沙门氏菌的多重耐药问题比较严重。 相似文献
9.
了解新疆部分地区表观健康肉牛沙门菌带菌状况及分离株的耐药性,为沙门菌的防控及合理用药提供科学依据。采用传统培养基培养、生化鉴定与PCR相结合的方法对新疆部分地区肉牛养殖场采集的753份肛拭子进行沙门菌的分离鉴定,并采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离株进行药敏试验。结果显示,共分离到沙门菌阳性菌株63株,总污染率为8.37%(63/753);63株沙门菌分离株对10种抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性,对甲氧苄啶、氯霉素、四环素、磺胺异恶唑、链霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考的耐药率依次为97.4%、95.7%、74.7%、61.5%、54.2%、29.9%、45.5%、16.6%、14%和11.2%。结果表明,新疆部分地区表观健康肉牛存在一定程度的沙门菌污染,沙门菌分离株耐药状况较为严重。 相似文献
10.
11.
动物源性沙门氏菌的耐药性分析及氟苯尼考类耐药基因的鉴定 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了解动物沙门氏菌的流行情况和药物敏感性及氟苯尼考耐药株的耐药基因分布,本试验对临床上疑似患沙门氏菌病的病料进行病原分离和细菌的多重PCR鉴定;采用K-B法测定分离株对23种抗菌药物的敏感性;选择氟苯尼考耐药菌株扩增floR、fexA、fexB、cfr和pexA基因。结果显示,共鉴定出61株沙门氏菌,其中肠炎沙门氏菌10株,鸡白痢沙门氏菌12株,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌39株。所有菌株对青霉素、红霉素、万古霉素耐药,90.16%对6种及6种以上抗菌药耐药。floR基因广泛存在于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌氟苯尼考耐药菌株中(8/12,66.67%),未发现其他耐药基因。研究结果表明鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是鹅源分离株中的优势血清型;floR基因主要介导沙门氏菌对氟苯尼考耐药性,但可能还存在其他机制。 相似文献
12.
S. Lomonaco L. Decastelli D. M. Bianchi D. Nucera M. A. Grassi V. Sperone T. Civera 《Zoonoses and public health》2009,56(3):137-144
Salmonella is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis often associated with pork consumption. The aims of this cross‐sectional study were to collect preliminary data on the presence of Salmonella enterica in pigs in Piedmont (Italy), through sampling on farm and at slaughter and to gather pilot data on serotypes and phagetypes present in the sampled area and distribution of anti‐microbial resistance among isolated strains. Salmonella was detected through culture and identified with Salmonella spp. and Salmonella Typhimurium PCR; positive samples were serotyped, phagetyped and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Positive samples (from 9% of faeces up to 29% of tonsils) were found in 64% of the herds. Salmonella spp. was retrieved also from scalding water. Most of the isolates were Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella 4,5,12:i:‐. The results of Salmonella Typhimurium specific PCR suggested that Salmonella 4,5,12:i:‐ might be unrecognized by serotyping. Anti‐microbial resistance was recorded in 75–100% of the isolates. Phagetyping allowed the identification of DT104B and DT46A strains. These results set the bases for further research studies that would aim to estimate the real herd prevalence in Piedmont and the diffusion of serotypes and anti‐microbial resistant strains within the same region. 相似文献
13.
Aylin Kasimoglu Dogru Naim Deniz Ayaz Yilmaz Emre Gencay 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):893-897
In this study, 32 Salmonella strains isolated from 400 chicken carcasses were serotyped, and antibiotic resistance profiles were detected against 12 selected
antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion method. Thirty-two isolates were identified as follows; 22 (68.7%) Salmonella Enteritidis, five (15.6%) Salmonella Virchow, three (9.3%) Salmonella Typhimurium and two (6.2%) Salmonella Hadar. In all Salmonella isolates, antibiotic resistance were detected. Out of 32 Salmonella strains, 22 (68.75%) displayed multi-drug resistance. Thirty-two (100.0%) of the isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin
G, 20 (62.5%) to nalidixic acid, four (12.5%) to cephalothin, two (6.2%) to streptomycin and two (6.2%) to tetracycline. Fifteen
(68.1%) Salmonella Enteritidis, one (33.3%) Salmonella Typhimurium, two (100.0%) Salmonella Hadar and two (40.0%) Salmonella Virchow were shown to be resistant to nalidixic acid. Cephalothin resistance was detected in 9.0%, 33.3%, and 20.0% for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Virchow, respectively. The results indicate that Salmonella recovered from chicken carcasses were resistant to multiple antimicrobials and that resistance among these isolates varies
by serotype. Also, this emerged as a significant public health problem. 相似文献
14.
The present study was conducted to study the antibiotic resistance pattern among nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat. A total of 37 Salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases (human and animal) and meat during 2008–2009 belonging to 12 serovars were screened
for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using 25 antimicrobial agents falling under 12 different antibiotic classes. All
the Salmonella isolates tested showed multiple drug resistance varying from 5.40% to 100% with 16 of the 25 antibiotics tested. None of
the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and metronidazole. Resistance was also observed against clindamycin (94.59%),
ampicillin (86.49%), co-trimoxazole (48.65%), colistin (45.94%), nalidixic acid (35.10%), amoxyclave (18.90%), cephalexin,
meropenem, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, amoxicillin (8.10% each), sparfloxacin and streptomycin (5.40% each).
Isolates from clinical cases of animals were resistant to as many as 16 antibiotics, whereas isolates from human clinical
cases and meat were resistant to 9 and 14 antibiotics, respectively. Overall, 19 resistotypes were recorded. Analysis of multiple
antibiotic resistance index (MARI) indicated that clinical isolates from animals had higher MARI (0.25) as compared to isolates
from food (0.22) and human (0.21). Among the different serotypes studied for antibiogram, Paratyhi B isolates, showed resistance
to three to 13 antibiotics, whereas Typhimurium strains were resistant to four to seven antibiotics. Widespread multidrug
resistance among the isolates from human, animal and meat was observed. Some of the uncommon serotypes exhibited higher resistance
rate. Considerable changes in the resistance pattern were also noted. An interesting finding was the reemergence of sensitivity
to some of the old antibiotics (chloromphenicol, tetracycline). 相似文献
15.
牛肉源大肠杆菌的耐药性检测及相关耐药基因分布 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
为了解牛肉源大肠杆菌的耐药性并检测其相关耐药基因分布,本研究选取了117株牛肉源大肠杆菌,经药敏纸片法对11种抗菌药物进行了药敏检测,并根据耐药表型利用普通和(或)多重PCR技术对耐四环素菌中tet(A)、tet(B)和tet(C)基因,耐氨苄西林菌中blaTEM1、blaPSE1和blaOXA1基因,耐链霉素菌中strA-strB、aadA1基因,耐磺胺类药菌中sul1、sul2和sul3基因进行了调查分析。结果显示,117株大肠杆菌对四环素、氨苄西林、链霉素和磺胺异恶唑的耐药率较高,分别为89%、42%、38%和22%。tet(A)基因是所有四环素耐药基因中最为流行的一种基因(55%);在检测的3个β-内酰胺类药物耐药基因中,最流行的为blaTEM1基因(73%);链霉素的耐药性主要由strA-strB基因(38%)编码;sul2基因在耐磺胺异恶唑菌中的检出率最高(77%)。结果表明本次分离的牛肉源大肠杆菌耐药非常严重,进一步肯定了肉牛业生产中抗菌药的使用对大肠杆菌耐药性的产生和发展所发挥的重要作用,提示食品动物养殖应严格控制饲料中抗菌药的滥用。 相似文献
16.
Molla W Molla B Alemayehu D Muckle A Cole L Wilkie E 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(6):455-462
The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, distribution and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella serovars in apparently healthy slaughtered sheep and goats in central Ethiopia. A total 1224 samples consisting of faeces,
mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and abdominal and diaphragmatic muscle samples were collected from 104 sheep and 100
goats. Salmonella was isolated from 12 of 104 (11.5%) sheep and 3 of 100 (3%) goats. Of the total 624 and 600 samples examined from sheep and
goats, 18 (2.9%) and 4 (0.7%), respectively, were Salmonella positive. The 22 Salmonella isolates belonged to 9 different serovars. The common serovars isolated were S.
typhimurium, followed by S.
heidelberg, S.
reading, S.
give, and S.
poona. Seven of the 22 isolates (31.8%) were multidrug-resistant to various antimicrobials. 相似文献
17.
To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and three classes of integrons in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains (n = 57) isolated from bovine endometritis in Inner Mongolia of China, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of three types of integrons were characterized. Most isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, furazolidone, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, while 57 isolates were all resistant to sulfamethoxydiazine and trimethoprim. High resistant incidence rates were exhibited to sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, cefazolin, chloramphenicol. Forty-six of 57 E. coli strains were resistant to above 10 antibiotics (80.70%). The integrase gene and gene cassettes of integrons were amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing and analysis were used to identify the genetic content of the integron-variable regions. Neither class II nor class III integron was detected, while 36.8% (n = 21) of the isolates were positive for the presence of intI1 gene. Analysis of gene cassettes revealed that six gene cassettes were found, which encoded resistance to trimethoprim (dhfr, dhfrI, dfrA17) and aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5). Among them, the gene cassette array dfrA17–aadA5 was found most prevalent (66.7%). The resistance profile of positive-integron isolates was relatively broad and they were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials (n ? 8). The correlation analysis revealed the incidence of integrons among the isolates were related to the multiple antibiotic resistance profile, indicating integrons play an important role in the dissemination and spread of the antimicrobial resistant strains. 相似文献
18.
B.R. Singh PhD N. Babu MVSc J. Jyoti MVSc H. Shankar PhD T.V. Vijo BVSc AH R.K. Agrawal PhD M. Chandra PhD D. Kumar MVSc A. Teewari MVSc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(6):266-276
We examined 872 equids (445 maintained by low-income individuals and 427 maintained on nine designated equine farms) and, using previously described methods for bacteria, isolated Salmonella from fecal samples of 59 (6.77%) animals. Of the 646 horses, 183 donkeys, and 43 mules that had feces cultured for Salmonella, 42 (6.5%), 7 (3.8%), and 10 (23.3%), respectively, were excreting Salmonella strains in feces. Six horse mares were excreting Salmonella enterica of two different serovars simultaneously. A total of 65 Salmonella enterica isolates belonged to 13 serovars, namely S. paratyphi B var Java (14), S. I. 4, 5, 12, 27: r, i: 1, 5 (11), S. Drogana (8), S. Newport (7), S. Saintpaul (5), S. Lagos (4), S. Typhimurium (5), S. Kottbus (3), S. Bovismorbificans (3), S. Dumfries (2), S. Tshiongwe (1) S. Weltevreden (monophasic) (1), and S. enterica ssp salamae (1). With Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using hisJ gene primers, 107 (12.3) fecal samples yielded a specific amplicon of 496 bp. On using PCR, prevalence of Salmonella in donkeys, horses, and mules was 4.9%, 10.8%, and 65.1%, respectively. With both methods of Salmonella detection in feces, prevalence was significantly higher in female than in male donkeys and horses. Salmonella shedding in feces was significantly higher in equids maintained by low-income people than those at designated equine farms. Almost all Salmonella isolates (63 of 65) had multiple-drug-resistance (MDR, resistance to three or more drugs). Salmonella isolates were commonly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (90.8%), tetracycline (70.8%), doxycycline (67.7%), furazolidone (66.2%), and colistin (55.4%). A few isolates had resistance to trimethoprim (3.1%), ciprofloxacin (3.1%), ceftriaxone (3.1%), ceftazidime (3.1%), cefoperazone (3.1%), chloramphenicol (4.6%), cefotaxime (6.2%), gentamicin (9.2%), ampicillin + cloxacillin (9.2%), cotrimoxazole (13.8%), kanamycin (13.8%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16.9%), imipenem (16.9%), ampicillin (18.5%), amikacin (23.1%), neomycin (27.7%), nalidixic acid (33.8%), and streptomycin (36.9%). With the exception of 13 Salmonella isolates of S. Drogana (4), S. Newport (4), S. I. 4, 5, 12, 27: r, i: 1, 5 (4) and S. Kottbus (1) serovars, all had one or more than one plasmid. Molecular weight of plasmids ranged between 3 kDa and >87 kDa. One heavy plasmid (≥87 kda) was present in all the 52 plasmid-positive strains. Presence of plasmid could not be correlated with MDR in Salmonella isolates from equids. 相似文献
19.
Professor O. Iseri 《British poultry science》2010,51(1):60-66
1.?The objectives of this study were to isolate Salmonella spp. by conventional culture technique from ground turkey samples, to determine the seasonal distribution of Salmonella spp., to verify the isolates by PCR using primers based on oriC gene sequence, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates. A total of 240 packaged fresh ground turkey samples marketed in Ankara were analysed between July 2004 and June 2005.
2.?One hundred and ten out of 240 (45?8%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and confirmed by PCR. The distribution of Salmonella spp. was determined as 48?3, 55?0, 63?3 and 16?6%, during spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the prevalence of Salmonella spp. between winter and the other seasons.
3.?Of the isolates, 54 out of 110 (49?0%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. The highest resistance was observed to nalidixic acid (25?4%), followed by streptomycin (17?2%) and tetracycline (15?4%).
4.?In conclusion, this is a disturbing finding, both for the high prevalence of Salmonella and the extent of antibiotic resistance. Ground turkey should be produced under suitable hygienic and technological conditions and the use of antimicrobials must be controlled by governmental agencies to protect public health from salmonellosis and from the consequences of increased resistance to the antibiotics. 相似文献
20.
Enterococci and Salmonella were isolated from feces of chicken in intensive poultry farms and cattle which are maintained following traditional practices.
Their resistance to different antibiotics was also determined. A total of 298 enterococcal isolates consisting of Enterococcus faecium (49.6%), Enterococcus durans (26.9%), Enterococcus hirea (11.9%), and Enterococcus faecalis (11.5%) were obtained. Among the enterococci, resistance to erythromycin (Ery), clindamicin (Cli), amoxicillin (Amo), ampicillin
(Amp), and cephalothin (Cep) was high. Resistance to vancomycin (Van) was detected in all enterococcal species. Over 80% of
the isolates showed multiple drug resistance. The most dominant patterns in poultry were Amo/Amp/Cep/Pen and Amo/Amp/Cep/Cli/Pen/Van.
Among isolates from cattle, Amo/Amp/Cep/Cli/Ery/Pen/Van and Amo/Amp/Cli/Ery/Pen/Van constituted the most dominant multiple
resistance patterns. A total of 51 Salmonella isolates were obtained from poultry (43/280) and cattle (8/450). About 70% of the isolates had varying resistance to the
tested antibiotics. Multiple drug resistance was observed in over 30% of the Salmonella isolates. The most frequent resistance pattern was Amo/Amp/Cip/Gen/Str in cattle and Amo/Amp/Cep/Cip/Gen/Kan/Str in poultry.
Enteroccoccal and Salmonella isolates showed multiple resistance to those antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The high frequency of isolation
of resistant enterococci is indicative of the wide dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the farm environment. 相似文献