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家禽附睾功能及其对睾丸后精子成熟调控机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
睾丸内的精子虽已成型,但仍需要在附睾中经过一系列修饰,使形态结构和功能进一步变化,才能获得运动和受精能力,这个过程即精子成熟。与哺乳动物相比,家禽附睾发生一定退化,但近年来越来越多的研究表明家禽附睾对精子成熟有调控作用。在畜禽良种繁育体系中,精子功能直接与繁殖效率高度关联,影响制种成本和养殖效益。因此,挖掘家禽精子功能和精液品质的调控机制,对于改善雄性不育、建立家禽繁殖性能的选育方法和改良技术具有重要的应用价值。本文将对家禽附睾功能及其对精子睾丸后成熟的作用机制研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步研究附睾的家禽繁殖性能调控机制奠定基础。 相似文献
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通过附睾转运,精子经历了一系列的生化和形态变化逐渐成熟,在精子成熟的过程中,其胞质成分含量逐渐减少,因此精子对氧化应激更为敏感,进而导致精子结构和功能受到损害,故而附睾管腔微环境中抗氧化酶的作用非常重要。活性氧（ROS）在精子功能中起着双重作用：生理水平的ROS可促进精子受精前的获能,而过高水平ROS则会导致精子发生氧化损伤。在附睾中清除多余ROS的抗氧化酶主要有超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPXs）以及过氧化物酶（PRDXs）,但是不同年龄的哺乳动物附睾不同部位中各种抗氧化酶的含量均会发生变化,不同抗氧化酶对ROS也具有不同的清除机制。当附睾缺乏某一抗氧化酶时,会使精子DNA受损、精子质量下降,最终导致异常生殖结果增加。因此,哺乳动物附睾中各类抗氧化酶需要相互协调将ROS维持在生理水平,但有关这方面的研究报道较少。附睾上皮细胞分泌的抗氧化酶以附睾小体的形式传递给精子,以清除自身有氧代谢以及异常精子所产生的ROS,进而保护精子正常成熟。作者综述了附睾精子所面临的氧化应激以及附睾中各类抗氧化酶对精子的保护作用。 相似文献
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哺乳动物精子经过附睾成熟后才能获得运动及受精的能力,为解释水牛精子在附睾中的成熟过程,本研究选用性成熟期的沼泽型水牛附睾,利用乙烯吡咯烷酮包裹的硅胶微小颗粒（Percoll）梯度离心纯化分别提取附睾头、体和尾部精子,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统（CASA）检测精子活力,透射电镜观察附睾不同部位精子的超微结构,对精子进行荧光标记后,利用流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜观察检测不同部位精子质膜完整率、线粒体鞘膜电位和顶体差异。结果表明,Percoll分离得到附睾头、体和尾3部位精子的纯度达95%,不同部位精子活力分别为8.35%、20.21%和65.60%;附睾不同部位精子都存在着结构完整的精子以及相同的畸形类型,附睾尾部精子线粒体鞘高膜电位比率最高,精子质膜完整率从附睾头部到尾部逐渐升高,精子顶体完整率从附睾头部到尾部逐渐升高。本研究直观地展示了水牛附睾不同部位精子特征以及差异,为研究水牛精子成熟机理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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精子在附睾中的成熟过程是哺乳动物雄配子获得受精能力的关键。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-5（glutathione peroxidase-5,GPx5）作为附睾特异性表达的抗氧化酶具有强抗氧化作用,可调节附睾微环境中的活性氧浓度,保护精子免受脂质过氧化损伤,以维持精子DNA完整性。GPx5还可能对精子活力和顶体反应产生一定影响。GPx5基因的染色体定位及其外显子数存在一定的种间差异,其在不同物种、部位和发育期的表达具有特异性,受雄激素、PEA3因子和ETV4家族等调节。作者就哺乳动物附睾特异GPx5基因的结构与定位、表达特性、功能及其调节机制的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步研究精子抗氧化机制和提高雄性动物繁殖力提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本试验探讨了氟对小鼠附睾中成熟精子超微结构的影响,为氟的生殖毒性研究与检测提供依据。选取8周龄性成熟雄性昆明小鼠20只,随机分为4组,对照组小鼠饮用蒸馏水,低、中和高氟组小鼠分别饮用含25、50和100 mg/L氟化钠的蒸馏水,于45 d后断颈处死小鼠,取小鼠附睾尾,经2.5%戊二醛固定后,采用透射电镜观察小鼠附睾中成熟精子的超微结构变化。与对照组相比,低氟组小鼠精子头部质膜断裂,部分脱落,个别线粒体肿胀、形态模糊;中氟组精子头部质膜脱落,顶体部分缺失,线粒体形状不规则,嵴间腔扩大;高氟组精子头部质膜脱落,线粒体排列不规则,出现空泡化,嵴结构模糊。结果表明,氟暴露小鼠附睾中成熟精子头、尾部中段均有不同程度的结构改变,尤以线粒体出现较明显的异常,且氟浓度越高,精子超微结构损伤越严重。 相似文献
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旨在对绵羊附睾头、体和尾部的精子进行蛋白质组学分析,获得差异表达蛋白,对数据进行功能富集分析,挖掘精子发生/成熟关键蛋白质。本研究选择12月龄左右健康的3只雄性湖羊为试验动物,分离附睾并按区域收集精子,3组样本(附睾头部组、附睾体部组和附睾尾部组),每组3个生物学重复,共计9例绵羊精子细胞样本。基于TMT标定定量蛋白质组学分析和R语言等工具,在获取的差异表达蛋白中进行GO和KEGG富集分析,并利用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western bolt)、免疫荧光(immunofluorescence)和流式细胞术(flow cytometry)试验验证结果的可靠性。从22 841个唯一性肽中鉴定到差异蛋白质616种,其中,尾vs头组鉴定出309个差异表达蛋白(上调213个,下调96个);尾vs.体组鉴定出167个差异表达蛋白(上调107个,下调60个);体vs头组鉴定出140个差异表达蛋白(上调88个,下调52个)。根据差异倍数与蛋白质功能,筛选出可能与精子成熟、核质物质转运相关的关键蛋白-KPNA4。本研究揭示了绵羊附睾不同部位精子的特点与差异,这些数据为研究雄性绵羊的生殖机制和精子成熟提供了丰富的资源。 相似文献
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精子运动能力是精子完成自然受精、实现自然条件下精子-卵母细胞融合的必要条件。精子从雄性附睾经生殖道进入雌性生殖道的过程中，其运动形式可以在很短的时间内根据环境的变化而做出改变，表明精子膜蛋白(离子通道)参与精子运动的调节，离子通道的正常表达和受精过程密切相关。目前研究发现Ca2+、K+、Na+等离子通道均参与精子膜极化、运动、获能和顶体反应等生理过程，且通过膜片钳和电生理学等技术初步了解精子离子通道的作用分子机制和拓扑结构。本文就参与调节精子运动的Ca2+、pH、电压门控Na+、K+、Cl-通道的生理功能和拓扑结构进行了总结，期望能为精子离子通道的调节机制和功能研究提供全面的信息，促进动物生殖生物学的发展。 相似文献
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L—PGDS基因在大鼠睾丸与附睾中的表达 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用2月龄SD大鼠睾丸与附睾总RNA为模板，运用RT—PCR和蛋白质印迹技术探讨了Lipocalin型前列腺素D合成酶(L-PGDS)基因在大鼠睾丸与附睾头、附睾体和附睾尾中的表达及其差异。结果表明，L—PGDS基因在大鼠睾丸中没有表达，在附睾中有较强表达，附睾头表达量最高，附睾体次之，附睾尾最低，表达量存在差异。提示，L-PGDS在精子成熟过程中起着一定的作用。 相似文献
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为了阐明树鼩精子中是否存在丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶1γ2(PP1γ2)及其在附睾精子中的存在形式,进而探究PP1γ2对精子成熟和运动性的调控作用,本试验以树鼩为研究对象,采用Western blotting分析了不同条件下树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中PP1γ2的存在形式和磷酸化程度,探讨了双丁酰环腺苷酸(db-cAMP)、3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX)或Ca2+对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化表达水平的影响,并进一步研究了磷酸酶抑制剂冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)和花萼海绵诱癌素A(calyculin A,CA)对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化程度的影响及其对树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子运动度的影响。结果显示,在树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中均存在PP1γ2,且在等量的附睾头和附睾尾精子蛋白中,PP1γ2在附睾尾精子的磷酸化程度远高于附睾头精子;db-cAMP、IBMX或Ca2+不改变PP1γ2的磷酸化水平;磷酸酶抑制剂OA和CA能明显提高附睾头和附睾尾中PP1γ2磷酸化的程度,且能显著提高精子(尤其是附睾头精子)的运动度(P<0.05),OA和CA的最佳作用浓度分别为1μmol/L和10 nmol/L,最佳作用时间分别为15、20 min。本研究结果表明,蛋白磷酸酶PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟及运动性具有重要的调控作用,其主要通过磷酸化和去磷酸化的变化发挥作用。 相似文献
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Wangsheng Zhao Tajmal Hussain Solangi Yitao Wu Xiankang Yang Chuanfei Xu Hongmei Wang Xuxin Zheng Xin Cai Jiangjiang Zhu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(4):555-576
The epididymis is the site of post-testicular sperm maturation, which constitutes the acquisition of sperm motility and the ability to recognize and fertilize oocytes. The role of miRNA in male reproductive system, including the control of different steps leading to proper fertilization such as gametogenesis, sperm maturation and maintenance of male fertility where the deletion of Dicer in mouse germ cells led to infertility, has been demonstrated. The identification of miRNA expression in a region-specific manner will therefore provide valuable insight into the functional differences between the regions of the epididymis. In this study, we employed RNA-seq technology to explore the expression pattern of miRNAs and establish some miRNAs of significant interest with regard to epididymal sperm maturation in the CY epididymis. We identified a total of 431 DE known miRNAs; 119, 185 and 127 DE miRNAs were detected for caput versus corpus, corpus versus cauda and caput versus cauda region pairs, respectively. Our results demonstrate region-specific miRNA expression in the CY epididymis. The GO and KEGG enrichment for the predicted target genes indicated the functional values of miRNAs. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of miR-200a was downregulated in the caput, compared with cauda. Since the family of miR-200 has previously been suggested to contribute to the distinct physiological function of sperm maturation in epididymis of adult rat, we speculate that the downregulation of miR-200a in CY caput epididymis may play an important role of sperm maturation in the epididymis of CY. Therefore, our findings may not only increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by the miRNA functions in region-specific miRNA expression in the CY epididymis, it could provide a valuable information to understand the mechanism of male infertility of CY. 相似文献
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Katarzyna Andraszek Dorota Banaszewska Olga Szeleszczuk Piotr Niedbała Marta Kuchta-Gładysz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(4):515-522
Sperm cells isolated from the tail of the epididymis and from the semen of the same individuals were analysed. The use of silver nitrate to stain sperm cells isolated from the tail of the epididymis made it possible to identify structures that were not visible in the sperm from semen. Silver nitrate very clearly distinguished the acrosomal and distal parts of the sperm head. Following silver nitrate staining, the sperm isolated from the tail of the epididymis were characterized by dark ‘collars’ in the distal part of the head. These ‘collars’ are not visible in the sperm cells isolated from semen. The results of the study indicate differences in the dimensions of sperm isolated from the tail of the epididymis and sperm in semen. Sperm isolated from the tail of the epididymis had smaller heads, despite their longer length, and had longer midpieces and tails than ejaculate sperm. Silver nitrate staining is a simple and fast technique. Silver nitrate makes it possible to identify the acrosome and post-acrosomal region of the sperm head and to clearly identify the midpiece. Therefore, it can be successfully used to supplement routine techniques for evaluating sperm morphology or as an independent technique. 相似文献
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J Schön S Neumann DE Wildt BS Pukazhenthi K Jewgenow 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):294-301
Oestrogens are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and are essential for male fertility. To study the role of oestrogens on epididymal function in the domestic cat, we analyzed the localization patterns of oestrogen receptors (ERs) within the epididymis of juvenile, pubertal and adults using immunohistochemistry. Cat epididymal tissues obtained during routine castrations were fixed in chilled Bouin's solution and processed for immunohistochemistry with ER-specific antibodies. For a certain receptor type, ER localization was influenced by donor age. In the juvenile epididymis, ERα was localized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of efferent ducts and undifferentiated epithelium of the ductus epididymis. During puberty, ERα localization in the undifferentiated epithelium of the epididymis shifted from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Oestrogen receptor-α level was highest in the pubertal and adult epididymis, especially within the cytoplasm and in plasma membranes of caput epithelial cells. This finding was suggestive of a role in fluid reabsorption within the efferent ducts and the epididymis. In corpus and cauda regions, ERα was less abundant, suggesting a minor role for oestrogens in sperm storage areas. Interestingly, localization of ERβ was neither influenced by age nor location within the epididymis and was ubiquitous throughout. Results demonstrate that oestrogen actions within the epididymis may be predominantly mediated through ERα during sexual maturation in the domestic cat. 相似文献
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Spermatozoa are unique cells because of their morphological and physiological characteristics. They are produced during the process called spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis consists of three phases: spermatocytogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermiation, during which spermatozoa undergo several changes. Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules containing two types of cells—the germ cells and the Sertoli cells—that alongside the Leydig cells, which play an important role when it comes to normal fertility. Everything is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and specific hormones due to multi-hormonal feedback systems. Spermatozoa possess morphological and physiological features, which are sometimes completely different from what is observed in various somatic cells. What is more, canine spermatozoa have specific characteristics making them special compared to the spermatozoa of other mammalian species. The metabolic energy production, which is crucial for the appropriate functioning of spermatozoa, can be fuelled by different metabolic pathways utilizing different chemical substrates. Inseparable from the oxidative phosphorylation process is the production of reactive oxygen species, which are both essential and toxic to spermatozoa. Furthermore, epididymis is a very important structure, responsible for the transport and maturation of spermatozoa, which are then stored in the last segment of epididymis—the epididymal cauda. Moreover, the retrieval of spermatozoa from the epididymides is crucial for the development of assisted reproduction techniques and sperm cryopreservation methods. The information gained from the research on domestic dogs might be transferred to their wild relatives, especially those species categorized as endangered. 相似文献