首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
为研究泰地罗新注射液在藏系羊体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏系羊体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,为泰地罗新注射液的临床合理用药提供参考,选取8只藏系羊,泰地罗新4 mg/kg体重单剂量肌内注射给药,不同时间点采集藏系羊血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果显示:给药后泰地罗新在藏系羊体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:达峰时间(T_(max))为(0.723±0.186)h,最高血药浓度(C_(max))为(0.769±0.231)μg/m L,半衰期(t_(1/2))为(86.525±10.547)h,表观分布容积(Vd)为(15.298±2.564)m L/kg,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(28.738±3.452)μg·h/m L。结果表明:泰地罗新注射给药后,在藏系羊体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢。  相似文献   

2.
氟苯尼考在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究氟苯尼考在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学特征,在水温(20±2)℃条件下,氟苯尼考以10 mg/kg单剂量腹注和口灌健康红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus),采用HPLC-MS/MS测定组织中的药物浓度,数据用DAS3.0软件分析。结果显示,两种给药方式下红笛鲷血浆药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型;腹注给药后血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉的峰浓度(C_(max))分别为10.62μg/m L、8.36、22.57和4.76μg/g,达峰时间(T_(max))分别为1.2、1.0、1.0和6.0 h,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))分别为29.76、17.84、17.23和19.48 h;口灌给药后血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉的C_(max)分别为2.35μg/m L、1.45μg/g、4.06μg/g和1.73μg/g,T_(max)分别为2.69、1.5、1.5和4.0 h,t_(1/2β)分别为40.59、12.29、37.78和47.34 h。结果表明,腹注给药方式下氟苯尼考在红笛鲷体内的吸收快于口灌给药,在血浆和肝脏中的消除快于口灌给药,在肌肉和肾脏中的消除则慢于口灌给药。研究结果为氟苯尼考在临床上的合理应用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
为研究泰地罗新注射液在藏鸡体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏鸡体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,试验选取藏鸡12羽,泰地罗新单剂量注射给药(4 mg/kg.bw),不同时间点采集藏鸡血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果表明:注射给药后,泰地罗新在藏鸡体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数:T_(max)为(1.727±0.237)h,C_(max)为(0.938±0.121)μg/m L,t_(1/2)为(36.198±2.394)h,AUC为(55.564±3.675)μg·h/m L,V_d为(16.155±2.676)m L/kg,表明泰地罗新注射给药后在藏鸡体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢,对新兽药的研发和临床合理使用具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

4.
为研究牛蒡子粉中牛蒡苷元在仔猪体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在仔猪体内的吸收、分布、转化和排泄规律,为新兽药的研发和临床用药提供理论参考依据。选取健康仔猪8头(30.0±5.0 kg),以1.0 g/kg·bw的牛蒡子粉灌胃给药,不同时间点前腔静脉采血,采用HPLC法对猪血浆中牛蒡苷元的浓度进行分析。牛蒡子粉灌胃给药后,符合有吸收二室模型,主要药物动力学参数为:吸收半衰期(t_(1/2 ka))为0.274±0.102 h,分布半衰期(t_(1/2α))1.435±0.725 h;消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))63.467±29.115 h;表观分布容积(V_d)1.680±0.402 L/kg;清除率(CL_b)0.076±0.028 L/(h·kg);达峰时间(t_(max))为0.853±0.211 h,峰浓度(c_(max))为0.430±0.035μg/mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)14.672±4.813μg·h/mL。试验表明:牛蒡子粉口灌后牛蒡苷元在仔猪体内吸收迅速、分布广泛、代谢消除缓慢,能够较长时间发挥药理作用。  相似文献   

5.
为了考察国产马波沙星注射液在母猪体内的药动学数据,给临床用药提供依据。选用18头健康长白、大白母猪(体重222.0±31.9 kg),随机分为2组,分别以每千克体重2.0 mg的剂量静脉注射或肌肉注射马波沙星注射液。在给药前后按设计时间点从母猪前腔静脉采集血液,离心后取上清液,用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血浆中药物的浓度,采用美国Pharsight公司药动学软件Winnonlin5.2.1的非房室模型来处理血浆药物浓度-时间数据。结果:主要药动学参数分别为:(1)肌肉注射马波沙星注射液:MRT(20.20±3.71)h;t_(1/2β)(21.09±5.18)h;AUC(32.94±4.41)μg/h·m L;t_(max)(1.72±0.97)h;C_(max)(1.90±0.69)μg/m L,生物利用度(F)为80.2%;(2)马波沙星注射液静注:MRT(18.94±4.10)h;t_(1/2β)(17.70±4.59)h;AUC(41.07±13.02)μg/h·m L;V_d(1.23±0.33)L/kg。表明:在健康母猪体内,马波沙星肌肉注射给药的主要药动学特征为:吸收迅速完全,消除缓慢,生物利用度高。  相似文献   

6.
为了给临床防治蛇病合理应用左氧氟沙星提供理论依据,本试验采用微生物法测定眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星后的血药浓度变化。结果显示:眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星后0.25 h可以检测到药物,平均血药浓度为0.78μg/mL,0.5 h为0.88μg/mL,1 h为0.81μg/mL,2 h之后血药浓度逐渐下降,24 h未能检测到血液中含有药物;药物代谢动力学主要参数为:达峰时间T_(max)为0.417±0.118,峰浓度C_(max)为0.902±0.049μg/m L,半衰期t_(1/2λ)为13.812±1.864 h。试验表明:眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星吸收快,消除缓慢。建议蛇临床应用盐酸左氧氟沙星的方法为肌肉注射,给药剂量10 mg/kg,给药间隔时间48 h。  相似文献   

7.
试验研究了麻鸭单次静脉注射和肌内注射氟苯尼考后的药动学,给药剂量均为20 mg/kg体重。麻鸭给药后,定点采血,分离血浆,然后以高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度,并利用房室分析法计算两种不同给药途径下氟苯尼考的药动学参数。结果显示:静脉注射氟苯尼考表观分布容积(V_β)为(8 388.45±850.43)m L/kg,消除较缓慢,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))为(6.61±0.83)h;肌内注射氟苯尼考峰浓度(C_(max))为(1.42±0.16)μg/m L,达峰时间(t_(max))为(1.60±0.19)h,绝对生物利用度为71.59%。结果证实氟苯尼考在麻鸭体内具有优异的药动学特征,分布迅速、广泛、消除较缓慢,肌内注射吸收迅速且较完全。结合氟苯尼考对鸭疫里默氏杆菌、沙门菌及大肠杆菌的MIC数据,计算得出对如上3种细菌感染的治疗,静脉或肌内注射20 mg/kg氟苯尼考较难达到良好的治疗效果,应适当增加给药剂量。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究磺胺嘧啶钠在淮南麻鸭体内代谢过程,16只淮南麻鸭随机分成2组,每组8只,按100 mg/(kg·bw)的剂量分别口服和静脉注射磺胺嘧啶钠,评价其在血浆中的药动学特征。结果显示:本试验所建立的标准曲线相关性好,相关系数达0.99以上,日内变异系数小于5%,日间变异系数小于10%。磺胺嘧啶钠在淮南麻鸭体内吸收迅速,分布广泛,房室模型分析表明,药时数据均符合二室开放模型,口服给药下的主要药物动力学参数为:分布半衰期(t_(1/2α))为(4.61±0.94)h,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))为(6.66±0.74)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(395.06±24.03)(μg/mL)·h,达峰时间(T_p)为(3.71±0.84)h,峰浓度(C_(max))为(49.97±5.66)μg/mL。静脉注射条件下的主要药物动力学参数为:分布半衰期(t_(1/2α))为(0.62±0.08)h,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))为(3.21±0.98)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(385.14±13.52)(μg/mL)·h。  相似文献   

9.
本实验采用高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆中阿莫西林的浓度,研究了丙磺舒对阿莫西林在健康猪体内药物动力学的影响。结果表明,单剂量肌肉注射阿莫西林后,阿莫西林吸收迅速,药峰时间为(0.19±0.11)h,药物浓度为(7.21±3.27)μg/mL,其动力学模型为一级速率一室模型。使用丙磺舒后,阿莫西林的半衰期由(0.86±0.18)h延长到(2.77±1.02)h(P<0.05),AUC由(12.38±5.69)μg/mL·h增加至(35.24±18.62)μg/mL·h,药峰时间为(0.42±0.32)h,药峰浓度为(6.24±3.43)μg/mL·h。  相似文献   

10.
以阿莫西林、阿莫西林/丙磺舒联合用药为对照,研究一种新型阿莫西林-丙磺舒拼合物在小鼠体内的比较药代动力学。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定小鼠血浆中阿莫西林和丙磺舒的浓度,WinNonlin(Version5.2.1)软件计算药动学参数。阿莫西林、阿莫西林/丙磺舒联合用药及拼合物在小鼠体内的达峰浓度(C_(max))分别为(3.31±0.40),(4.47±0.36),(4.50±0.29) mg/L,达峰时间(T_(max))分别为(1.08±0.21),(1.42±0.20),(1.58±0.32) h,药物半衰期t_(1/2ke)分别为(1.04±0.21),(1.49±0.50),(1.77±0.23) h,AUC_(last)分别为(5.76±0.60),(10.34±0.94),(11.41±0.75) mg·h/L,MRT_(last)分别为(1.81±0.11),(2.59±0.47),(2.64±0.24) h,拼合物的相对生物利用度F为110.35%(与阿莫西林/丙磺舒联合用药相比)。结果表明,拼合物组小鼠血浆中阿莫西林的C_(max)、AUC_(last)及MRT_(last)比阿莫西林组有显著的提高(P0.01)。与阿莫西林/丙磺舒联合用药比较,拼合物实验组半衰期t_(1/2ke)和AUC_(last)也有较明显提高(0.01P0.05),其长效作用更显著。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号