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《动物科学与动物医学》2014,(3):21-21
根据公开行政审批目录,新饲料、新饲料添加剂证书核发,进口饲料和饲料添加剂登记,向中国出口兽药注册和兽药进门审批,兽药生产许可证核发,兽药产品批准文号核发及标签、说明协审批,研制新兽药使用一类病原微生物审批、新兽．用生物制品临床试验及新兽药注册审批等项目仍为农业部保留审批项目,而设立饲料添加剂、添加剂预混合饲料生产命业审批等多项目审批权限已下放至省级农业行政主管部门。 相似文献
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从兽药管理法规、兽药监督管理部门、兽药标准、新兽药审批注册管理、兽药生产、兽药经营、兽药不良反应监管和兽药法律责任等八个方面,分别列举和比较了中国与美国兽药管理体制的规定. 相似文献
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从管理法规、工作程序、审批情况等方面总结了兽药产品批准文号管理现状,从4个方面分析了工作中存在的突出问题并提出了解决对策,建议对兽药产品批准文号实行分级分类审批管理,将部分兽药产品批准文号审批权下放地方政府,提出了具体的实现路径,并测算了预期工作量,以期为推进兽药管理行政审批制度改革提供参考. 相似文献
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Steiner R Vote DJ Belk KE Scanga JA Wise JW Tatum JD Smith GC 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(8):1980-1988
This study was conducted to determine the accuracy and repeatability of beef carcass longissimus muscle area (LMA) measurements obtained by three different methods. Longissimus muscle area for beef carcass sides (n = 100) randomly selected in a commercial packing plant was determined: 1) independently by three USDA grading supervisor "experts" using the grid method to obtain triplicate measurements of the same longissimus muscle (LM); 2) by three different Colorado State University personnel tracing the LMA on acetate paper and subsequently measuring the area via a polar planimeter three different times (total of 3 x 3 = 9 observations/LM); and 3) by use of two identical video image analysis (VIA) instruments making triplicate measurements for each LM using three different procedures. Video image analysis Procedure 1 required that LMA be measured by placing the camera head unit over the LM and collecting three sequential images without moving the camera head unit while carcasses were in a stationary position; Procedure 2 required measurement of LMA by placing the camera head unit over the LM and collecting three images, but removing and repositioning the camera head unit between collection of each image while carcasses were in a stationary position; and Procedure 3 required that LMA be measured by placing the camera head unit over the LM and obtaining an image while carcasses were in continuous motion (chain speed of 360 carcasses/ h) during three different circulations past the grading stand. Overall, VIA-derived LMA measurements were highly accurate for all three procedures compared with expert-gridded (R2 = 0.92, 0.90, and 0.84 for Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and acetate/planimeter-traced (R2 = 0.94, 0.93, and 0.86 for Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively) LMA measurements. Instrument LMA repeatability also was comparable to expert-gridded and acetate/planimeter-traced LMA repeatability, as the means of the absolute differences between individual measurements and the average of those same measurements per LM were 1.29, 1.35, 0.52, 0.84, and 1.87 cm2 for expert-gridded, acetate/planimeter-traced, and VIA Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Therefore, VIA instrumentation can be used to assess beef carcass LMA in both a stationary and operational scenario with high levels of accuracy and repeatability. 相似文献
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Objective To assess the efficacy of praziquantel as a treatment for cardiovascular flukes in turtles.
Procedure Six green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) spontaneously infected with cardiovascular flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) were treated orally with praziquantel, and necropsied 3 or 7 days later to look for flukes in the heart and major blood vessels. Six similar animals were maintained as untreated controls.
Results Absence of flukes in treated, but not control turtles, indicated that a one day course of treatment at a dose rate of 3 times 50 mg/kg body weight is effective.
Conclusion This result should be of value for preventing disease in wild caught green turtles introduced into farms or aquaria. 相似文献
Procedure Six green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) spontaneously infected with cardiovascular flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) were treated orally with praziquantel, and necropsied 3 or 7 days later to look for flukes in the heart and major blood vessels. Six similar animals were maintained as untreated controls.
Results Absence of flukes in treated, but not control turtles, indicated that a one day course of treatment at a dose rate of 3 times 50 mg/kg body weight is effective.
Conclusion This result should be of value for preventing disease in wild caught green turtles introduced into farms or aquaria. 相似文献
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Animal studied At routine vaccination a tumor in the right eye of a Golden Retriever was diagnosed. Procedure The eye was enucleated, fixed in formalin and processed according to routine paraffin technique. Standard histologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings were applied. Formalin‐fixed tissue was used for electron microscopic examination. Results The tumor originated from the retina and was composed of two different morphologic parts, a retinoblastoma‐like part of small neuroepithelial cells and a medulloepithelioma‐like part of columnar cells arranged in cords. Discussion and conclusion It is discussed whether the tumor had its origin in different clones or in one clone, and it is suggested that the double differentiation might be the result of a transformation of retinal cells, demasking stem cell‐like potentials. 相似文献
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Objective To study the efficacy of multiple striate keratotomy for the treatment of persistent corneal erosions suspected to be caused by primary corneal epithelial basement membrane disease.
Design A retrospective study.
Animals 16 dogs, three cats and one Australian dingo.
Procedure A technique called multiple striate keratotomy was used to treat twenty animals suffering from persistent corneal erosions.
Results All persistent corneal erosions healed with only one treatment. Most cases healed within 2 weeks. One case developed a second erosion in the same eye but in a different position to the original erosion.
Conclusions Multiple striate keratotomy is a safe, effective and well tolerated technique for the treatment of persistent corneal erosions thought to be caused by corneal epithelial basement membrane disease. 相似文献
Design A retrospective study.
Animals 16 dogs, three cats and one Australian dingo.
Procedure A technique called multiple striate keratotomy was used to treat twenty animals suffering from persistent corneal erosions.
Results All persistent corneal erosions healed with only one treatment. Most cases healed within 2 weeks. One case developed a second erosion in the same eye but in a different position to the original erosion.
Conclusions Multiple striate keratotomy is a safe, effective and well tolerated technique for the treatment of persistent corneal erosions thought to be caused by corneal epithelial basement membrane disease. 相似文献
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SP SYLVESTER KJ STAFFORD DJ MELLOR RA BRUCE RN WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):123-126
Objective To measure the plasma cortisol response in calves dehorned by four different methods (scoop, guillotine shears, saw, embryotomy wire) for 9 h after dehorning.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure Horn amputation was carried out on calves restrained manually in a race.
Results The four methods of dehorning provoked similarly increased cortisol responses which lasted for 6 h. During the first hour after dehorning the plasma cortisol concentrations were similar to those following ACTH injection. The overall cortisol response to control handling was about 30% of the responses to dehorning.
Conclusions The similarity of the cortisol responses produced by the four methods of dehorning suggests that the distress experienced by calves following dehorning by amputation is similar regardless of method used. 相似文献
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure Horn amputation was carried out on calves restrained manually in a race.
Results The four methods of dehorning provoked similarly increased cortisol responses which lasted for 6 h. During the first hour after dehorning the plasma cortisol concentrations were similar to those following ACTH injection. The overall cortisol response to control handling was about 30% of the responses to dehorning.
Conclusions The similarity of the cortisol responses produced by the four methods of dehorning suggests that the distress experienced by calves following dehorning by amputation is similar regardless of method used. 相似文献
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Objective To assess the suitability of the combination of zolazepam and tiletamine for routine use as chemical restraint, sedative and anaesthetic in wild wombats.
Animals Sixty common wombats, 25 southern hairy-nosed wombats and 40 northern hairy-nosed wombats.
Procedure Wombats caught in cage-traps in the wild were given injections of the anaesthetic combination either intramuscularly or intraperitoneally. Anaesthesia was maintained for up to 4 h in some cases, and for 12 h in one case. All wombats were released after anaesthesia.
Results and conclusion
This drug combination is effective and apparently safe for the sedation or light anaesthesia of wombats. We did not observe adverse reactions or deaths and the dose range used (4 to 15 mg/kg) demonstrates a wide safety margin. The use of this anaesthetic combination was effective in reducing the stress to wombats from capture and handling. 相似文献
Animals Sixty common wombats, 25 southern hairy-nosed wombats and 40 northern hairy-nosed wombats.
Procedure Wombats caught in cage-traps in the wild were given injections of the anaesthetic combination either intramuscularly or intraperitoneally. Anaesthesia was maintained for up to 4 h in some cases, and for 12 h in one case. All wombats were released after anaesthesia.
Results and conclusion
This drug combination is effective and apparently safe for the sedation or light anaesthesia of wombats. We did not observe adverse reactions or deaths and the dose range used (4 to 15 mg/kg) demonstrates a wide safety margin. The use of this anaesthetic combination was effective in reducing the stress to wombats from capture and handling. 相似文献
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Objective To determine the rate of decline of chlorflu-azuron (CFZ) concentration in the fat of cattle.
Design A field depletion study.
Animals Fifteen steers that had become contaminated with CFZ through eating cotton trash or cotton leaf pellets derived from CFZ-treated cotton crops.
Procedure Fat samples were collected from the cattle at about 3 week intervals according to a schedule where each animal was sampled on four occasions up to 340 days after removal from the contaminated feed source.
Results When the effects of dilution are removed CFZ concentrations were found to decline slowly for about 200 days. Depletion was minimal between 200 and 340 days.
Conclusion According to this trial, CFZ-contaminated, non-lactating cattle which have finished growing will remain contaminated. Field experience has not supported this conclusion. 相似文献
Design A field depletion study.
Animals Fifteen steers that had become contaminated with CFZ through eating cotton trash or cotton leaf pellets derived from CFZ-treated cotton crops.
Procedure Fat samples were collected from the cattle at about 3 week intervals according to a schedule where each animal was sampled on four occasions up to 340 days after removal from the contaminated feed source.
Results When the effects of dilution are removed CFZ concentrations were found to decline slowly for about 200 days. Depletion was minimal between 200 and 340 days.
Conclusion According to this trial, CFZ-contaminated, non-lactating cattle which have finished growing will remain contaminated. Field experience has not supported this conclusion. 相似文献
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Objective To develop a method for identifying DNA of Aspergillus fumigatus from ostriches, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A fumigatus is the principal causative agent of avian aspergillosis.
Design A biochemical trial.
Sample population Twelve Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and three other Aspergillus species.
Procedure PCR primers that were based on the sequence of the alkaline protease gene from human isolates of A fumigatus were used.
Results We successfully tested the method on ostrich isolates from five states and showed that the test is specific for A fumigatus.
Conclusions In most cases the DNA sequence of A fumigatus isolates from ostriches is similar to that of human isolates. DNA sequences vary significantly among A fumigatus isolates, including those from affected ostriches in the same flock. The genetic variation may be used to trace aspergillus infections in ostrich flocks and determine if the disease is transmitted by contact with infected birds. 相似文献
Design A biochemical trial.
Sample population Twelve Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and three other Aspergillus species.
Procedure PCR primers that were based on the sequence of the alkaline protease gene from human isolates of A fumigatus were used.
Results We successfully tested the method on ostrich isolates from five states and showed that the test is specific for A fumigatus.
Conclusions In most cases the DNA sequence of A fumigatus isolates from ostriches is similar to that of human isolates. DNA sequences vary significantly among A fumigatus isolates, including those from affected ostriches in the same flock. The genetic variation may be used to trace aspergillus infections in ostrich flocks and determine if the disease is transmitted by contact with infected birds. 相似文献
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Objective To use the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) to test the hypothesis that auditory function could be worse in older horses than in younger horses. Procedure BAER waveforms in response to click stimuli were measured in five younger horses (5–8 years) and four older horses (17–22 years). Results Compared with the younger horses, the older horses showed significantly (P < 0.02) worse BAER thresholds and significantly (P < 0.02) worse BAER wave V amplitudes to the 90 decibels above normal hearing level stimulus. These results were consistent with partial deafness in the older horse group. Conclusion BAER assessment can be used to identify partial deafness in older horses. Such horses should be managed appropriately, with particular care taken in noisy environments where hearing loss could put the horse and/or its owner at risk of harm. 相似文献