共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
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菊芋是一种多年生草本植物,属菊科向日葵属,起源于北美。菊芋地上部分(茎叶)和地下部分(块茎)均可作为优质的动物饲料原料及饲料添加剂。作为饲用牧草,新鲜菊芋茎叶粗蛋白质(CP)和钙(Ca)含量在出苗后11~14周达到峰值,且含量与苜蓿草粉相近。菊芋茎叶青贮饲料的CP与Ca含量均高于玉米青贮饲料,与燕麦、大麦和豆科牧草青贮饲料等相近,可作为部分替代饲料。此外,菊芋中的营养成分以及某些代谢产物在生长发育过程中通过多种分子信号传导途径发生变化,在生物合成和生物降解中具有潜在的重要作用。作为功能性寡糖,菊芋块茎中的菊糖不经过单胃动物的消化酶降解而直接传递到大肠,在胃肠道中主要充当益生元,改善肠道内环境,同时对血糖、脂质代谢和蛋白质代谢均有调控作用;作为生物活性物质,菊芋茎、叶、花中的黄酮类、酚酸类、萜类以及少量的甾醇类、氨基酸和多糖等化合物经大量动物临床试验表明,具有抗氧化、抗炎杀菌以及对多种肿瘤细胞具有一定的毒性作用,医疗价值较高。本综述总结了菊芋的营养特性及发育过程中代谢物的动态变化,概述了菊芋青贮的发酵特性及饲喂价值,重点阐述了菊芋块茎和茎叶中生物活性物质(主要是菊糖、黄酮类、酚酸类和倍半萜类)对动物生理功能的调控作用,目的是为了详细阐述菊芋资源的开发潜能及其对动物健康水平的改善作用。 相似文献
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以不同生育期红皮和白皮菊芋叶片为研究对象,通过测定叶片中C、N、P含量,计算C/N,C/P和N/P比值,探讨菊芋叶片C、N、P化学计量特征动态变化规律。结果表明,随着生育期的进行,2种菊芋叶片中C含量和N含量都呈“降-升-降-升”的变化趋势,而不同生育时期P含量红皮菊芋波动较小,白皮菊芋呈现“降-升-降-升”的趋势;C/N白皮菊芋为17.57~42.80,红皮菊芋为11.88~88.78;C/P白皮菊芋为442.40~1567.39,红皮菊芋为521.49~1243.72;N/P白皮菊芋为10.84~61.21,红皮菊芋为14.52~46.36;说明生长在科尔沁沙地的菊芋品种生长主要受P元素限制,在田间管理中应注意磷肥的施用。 相似文献
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以菊芋粉为材料,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为实验菌株,研究菊芋在牛乳中对嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌生长的影响,以期为进一步开发菊芋资源和研制菊芋酸奶提供理论依据。结果表明,在牛乳中加入菊芋粉,凝乳时间有所缩短,菊芋粉对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的生长无抑制作用,0.6%菊芋粉添加量对保加利亚生长有显著促进作用。 相似文献
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菊芋俗称洋姜,为菊科向日葵属,根茎芋类一年生草本植物,可以药食两用。菊芋根系特别发达,抗旱、耐寒、适应性广,几乎没有虫害、抗病性强,非常适宜在宁夏南部干旱半干旱地区推广种植,是保持水土和防风固沙的优良作物。菊芋的地下块茎和地上茎叶可制作饲料,因而菊芋种植还可与发展养殖业相结合,经过多年的实践推广,在宁南山区已形成了一整套成熟的菊芋丰产种植技术。 相似文献
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我国东部沙地菊芋生长的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对大连红菊芋沙漠治理有限公司在科尔沁沙地和松嫩沙地的红菊芋基地调查发现,菊芋的地下部分由两部分组成,一是常规的营养根,二是地下茎,地下茎独立生长,是形成菊芋块茎的重要组织;菊芋块茎不是顶端膨大形成,而是在地下茎的中部形成,而且1根地下茎在56～80d的生长期内可形成1～3处膨起.此调查结果与目前有关菊芋的文献记载差异较大,这一生物学特性对菊芋的集约化经营具有特殊的意义. 相似文献
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我国东部沙地菊芋生长的调查研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对大连红菊芋沙漠治理有限公司在科尔沁沙地和松嫩沙地的红菊芋基地调查发现，菊芋的地下部分由两部分组成，一是常规的营养根，二是地下茎，地下茎独立生长，是形成菊芋块茎的重要组织；菊芋块茎不是顶端膨大形成，而是在地下茎的中部形成，而且1根地下茎在56－80d的生长期内可形成1－3处膨起。此调查结果与目前有关菊芋的文献记载差异较大，这一生物学特性对菊芋的集约化经营具有特殊的意义。 相似文献
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同时采收开花前菊芋秸秆和葎草,测定其营养成份,菊芋秸秆和葎草的粗蛋白质含量分别为14.76%、16.81%;粗纤维分别为20.86%、14.89%;菊芋秸秆和葎草18种氨基酸中天门冬氨基酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸含量最低。矿物元素中铁、镁含量最高。经消化试验,测得结果:菊芋秸秆和葎草的可消化粗蛋白分别为7.56%、6.27%;酸性洗涤纤维分别为34.1%、30.36%,中性洗涤纤维38.81%、30.99%。菊芋秸秆的消化能为4.16MJ/㎏,葎草的消化能为3.42MJ/㎏。 相似文献
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Omatsu T Watanabe S Akashi H Yoshikawa Y 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2007,30(5-6):357-374
Many investigators focused on bats (Chiroptera) for their specific character, i.e. echolocation system, phylogenic tree, food practice and unique reproduction. However, most of basic information about the vital functions related to anti-viral activity has been unclear. For evaluating some animals as a natural reservoir or host of infectious pathogens, it is necessary that not only their immune system but also their biology, the environment of their living, food habits and physiological features should be clarified and they should be analyzed from these multi-view points. The majority of current studies on infectious diseases have been conducted for the elucidation of viral virulence using experimental animals or viral gene function in vitro, but in a few case, researchers focused on wild animal itself. In this paper, we described basic information about bats as follows; genetic background, character of the immunological factors, histological character of immune organs, the physiological function and sensitivity of bat cells to viral infection. 相似文献
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大豆异黄酮对畜禽生理机能的调控 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大豆异黄酮作为一类植物雌激素,对动物机体作用非常广泛.近年来研究发现大豆异黄酮对畜禽生理机能有一定的调控作用,本文综述了大豆异黄酮对畜禽生产性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能等方面的调控作用. 相似文献
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生物活性肽的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(12):20-24
生物活性肽(bioactive peptides,BAP)有利于生物机体的生命活动,是一类相对分子质量介于50~10 000 Da,具有生理功能的肽类化合物。多肽易消化吸收,具有降血压、降胆固醇、提高免疫力、调节激素,抗菌和抗病毒作用,还具有生理调节和生物代谢的功能,其极具发展前景,已经成为当今世界食品领域、饲料生产领域和生物医学领域的热门研究课题。未来生物活性肽的研究重点集中在它的高效制备和应用方面,尤其是其发酵制备也将成为研究热点。从生物活性肽的研究历程、生理功能,以及生物活性肽的制备和应用等方面进行了详细的介绍,并对生物活性肽今后的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Kazuhisa Honda 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(9):1090-1098
The regulatory mechanisms underlying food intake in chickens have been a focus of research in recent decades to improve production efficiency when raising chickens. Lines of evidence have revealed that a number of brain‐gut peptides function as a neurotransmitter or peripheral satiety hormone in the regulation of food intake both in mammals and chickens. Glucagon, a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, has long been known to play important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis in mammals and birds. However, the glucagon gene encodes various peptides that are produced by tissue‐specific proglucagon processing: glucagon is produced in the pancreas, whereas oxyntomodulin (OXM), glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 and GLP‐2 are produced in the intestine and brain. Better understanding of the roles of these peptides in the regulation of energy homeostasis has led to various physiological roles being proposed in mammals. For example, GLP‐1 functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain and as a postprandial satiety hormone in the peripheral circulation. There is evidence that OXM and GLP‐2 also induce anorexia in mammals. Therefore, it is possible that the brain‐gut peptides OXM, GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 play physiological roles in the regulation of food intake in chickens. More recently, a novel GLP and its specific receptor were identified in the chicken brain. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of glucagon‐related peptides in the regulation of food intake in chickens. 相似文献
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Role of leptin in farm animals: a review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mácajová M Lamosová D Zeman M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(4):157-166
The discovery of hormone leptin has led to better understanding of the energy balance control. In addition to its effects on food intake and energy expenditure, leptin has now been implicated as a mediator of diverse physiological functions. Recently, leptin has been cloned in several domestic species. The sequence similarity suggests a common function or mechanism of this peptide hormone across species. Leptin receptors are expressed in most of tissues, which is consistent with the multiplicity of leptin functions. The main goal of this review was to summarize knowledge about effect of leptin on physiology of farm animals. Experiments point to a stimulatory action of leptin on growth hormone (GH) secretion, normal growth and development of the brain. Surprisingly, leptin is synthesized at a high rate in placenta and may function as a growth factor for fetus, signalling the nutritional status from the mother to her offspring. Maturation of reproductive system can be stimulated by leptin administration. Morphological and hormonal changes, consistent with a major role of leptin in the reproductive system, have also been described, including the stimulation of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin. Leptin has a substantial effect on food intake and feeding behaviour in animals. Administration of leptin reduces food intake. Its level decrease within hours after initiation of fasting. Leptin also serves as a mediator of the adaptation to fasting, and this role may be the primary function for which was the molecule evolved. 相似文献