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1.
通过疫苗免疫来保护易感群体是控制细菌性传染病的一个重要环节,细菌减毒活疫苗减少了疫苗的副反应,同时还考虑到接种疫苗群体的营养和健康状况,能有效侵入和持续刺激机体产生初次免疫应答和再次免疫应答。重组减毒细菌具有能够在体内稳定表达保护性抗原的能力,将一段基因插入到染色体中可提高其稳定性,但一般抗原表达水平较低,不能刺激机体产生强有力的免疫应答,而使用高拷贝数的质粒载体后,选择标记基因的表达水平将远远超过载体维持的需要,增加了重组疫苗中的能量消耗,过度表达的基因产物进一步致弱了疫苗。同时宿主-载体的重组应使外源抗原产生的免疫应答最大化,细菌载体抗原产生的完全免疫应答最小化。  相似文献   

2.
李氏杆菌溶血素(Listeriolysin,LLO)是产单核细胞李斯特菌的主要毒力因子,为探索LLO的免疫保护性和作为诊断抗原的可行性,本研究用重组LLO抗原和单核细胞增多性李氏杆菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)全菌分别免疫BALB/c小鼠和家兔,定期采血,ELISA检测抗LLO的抗体水平,并分别对免疫和对照动物攻毒致死剂量的LM,分析重组LLO抗原的免疫保护性。结果表明,小鼠和家兔在二免后10~20 d内LLO的抗体即可达到峰值,而且免疫动物能有效抵抗LM的感染。因此,重组LLO不仅可以用作动物LM的诊断抗原,而且具有作为基因工程疫苗的潜力。  相似文献   

3.
核酸免疫是利用重组DNA技术将保护性抗原蛋白基因克隆到真核表达载体,并将其直接导入体内,使抗原蛋白经过内源性表达递呈给免疫系统,诱发机体产生特异性的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。核酸免疫也称DNA免疫或基因免疫。用于免疫注射的质粒DNA称为核酸疫苗(nucleicacidvaccine)或DNA疫苗(DNAvaccine)。核酸疫苗不同于传统的弱毒苗、灭活疫苗及蛋白亚单位苗,它是带有特异抗原基因的真核表达质粒。1　核酸免疫的发展核酸免疫是随着现代分子生物学和免疫学的发展而产生的。70年代末,Israel等将纯化的多瘤病毒DNA直接注射小鼠,证实裸DNA可被…  相似文献   

4.
细菌活载体疫苗是指将某一病原体的特定抗原基因插入到细菌基因组或其质粒,然后在其增殖过程中直接表达外源抗原或将携带的外源DNA递呈到宿主细胞的一类重组细菌。细菌活载体疫苗能够诱导机体产生粘膜免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫,是目前传染病预防控制、肿瘤免疫治疗、免疫调节等方面的重要研究方向之一。从细菌活载体疫苗的构建及应用两个方面进行介绍,以期为细菌活载体疫苗的研究与应用提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
犬细小病毒编码的VP2蛋白是该病毒重要的结构蛋白和抗原蛋白.利用VP2基因制备的DNA疫苗能够刺激机体产生免疫应答反应.为进一步提高VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫活性,本实验利用犬粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)基因作为生物佐剂研究其对犬细小病毒VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫增强作用.首先通过RT-PCR方法从犬淋巴细胞中扩增GM-CSF基因,并将其插入到pcDNA3.1栽体上,分别构建该基因的两个分泌型真核表达载体,即非融合表达载体pcDNA-cGMCSF和与Myc His融合的表达栽体pcDNA-cGMCSF/MH.用pcDNA-cGMCSF/MH载体转染HEK293T细胞以确定GM-CSF基因能否在真核细胞中进行分泌表达.然后用本室构建的VP2基因表达栽体单免疫小鼠,用VP2表达载体与pcDNA-cGMCSF共免疫小鼠(pcDNA3.1空载体作为阴性对照).免疫后用ELISA方法检测不同时间小鼠血清的抗体水平.用MTT法检测小鼠免疫后35 d时淋巴细胞的增殖活性,同时用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠淋巴细胞γ干扰素的表达水平.结果表明,本试验构建的表达载体能够介导重组GM-CSF在真核细胞中进行分泌表达.免疫实验表明,利用GM-CSF基因与VP2基因共免疫小鼠,抗体的水平明显高于VP2基因单免疫组(P＜0.01).共免疫组小鼠淋巴细胞的刺激指数和γ干扰素的表达水平均明显高于单免疫组(P＜0.05).由此可见,GM-CSF表达载体可明显提高CPV VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫应答水平.  相似文献   

6.
基因工程疫苗即利用DNA重组技术，将病原的保护性抗原编码基因片段定向插入载体或表达系统中，使之能够实现体内或体外的高效表达进而制成疫苗，如亚单位疫苗、重组活载体疫苗、基因缺失疫苗和核酸疫苗等。相较于传统疫苗，基因工程疫苗能不断刺激机体免疫系统产生长期免疫；避免因病原体变异而造成免疫逃避；一个质粒载体可克隆多个抗原基因组成多价疫苗，提高了疾病的防治效率和效果，是未来的主要发展和研究方向之一。文章对基因工程疫苗在兽医领域的研究进展进行了概述，旨在为相应研究与实践提供一定参考。  相似文献   

7.
基因工程技术在兽医领域中的免疫应用,为疾病的预防和治疗开辟了新的途径,成为一项新的具有远大发展前景的技术体系。１新一代疫苗─—基因工程疫苗 随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,新一代动物疫苗应运而生。基因工程疫苗的出现解决了常规疫苗在预防畜禽传染病方面许多自身难以克服的缺陷,如弱毒苗由于变异或与野毒株发生基因重组而产生的毒力返强;灭活苗免疫保护期短,存在灭活不当造成疾病传播的问题;有些病原微生物由于变异而产生多种血清型等。１．１基因工程活载体疫苗：活载体疫苗是以活病毒为载体,将致病性病原体的外源…  相似文献   

8.
利用千酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)作为抗原传递系统来刺激机体产生黏膜免疫反应,从而研制有效的黏膜疫苗预防产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)的感染.用PCR方法扩增ETEC K99基因,克隆到L.casei细胞表面表达载体pLA中,构建了重组表达载体pLA.K99,并将其电转化至L.casei中,在MRS培养基中培养后,经SDS-PAGE、western blot检测目的蛋白的表达,间接免疫荧光分析及流式细胞术检测外源蛋白展示到菌体表面.将重组菌及空质粒菌株分别口服接种SPF级BALB/c小鼠.采集血液样品测定小鼠产生抗K99的特异性IgG,收集小鼠肺部、肠道、阴道冲洗液及粪便样品测定小鼠产生的抗K99的特异性sIgA,并对小鼠进行攻毒保护性试验,免疫组保护率在83%以上,对照组则全部死亡.  相似文献   

9.
对比分析在不同细胞部位表达猪细小病毒（PPV）主要免疫保护性抗原VP2蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌系统作为口服疫苗的免疫效果。将构建的细胞表面表达和分泌表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌分别经口免疫BALB／c小鼠，免疫分3次进行，时间间隔为2周，每次连续接种3d，每只小鼠每次接种100μL10^10CFU／mL的菌量，对照组小鼠接种相同剂量的PBS。初免后不同时间收集免疫小鼠粪便及肠黏液样本测定小鼠产生抗PPV的特异性sIgA抗体水平，采集小鼠血液样本测定其血清中抗PPV的特异性IgG抗体水平。间接ELISA检测结果表明，两种表达系统均能诱导小鼠产生黏膜及系统免疫应答，分泌型的重组菌系统免疫小鼠诱导机体产生的抗PPV的特异性sIgA和IgG抗体水平高于细胞表面表达型的重组菌系统的免疫效果，表明分泌型的重组乳酸菌作为活菌疫苗具有更好的免疫性。  相似文献   

10.
菌影疫苗的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
疫苗一般可分为常规疫苗和新型疫苗.常规疫苗包括灭活苗和弱毒苗.灭活苗的灭活过程有可能改变抗原结构,而减弱免疫原性;且灭活苗仅诱发体液免疫,不产生或仅产生轻微的细胞免疫和局部黏膜免疫.弱毒苗可同时诱导细胞和体液免疫,却存在毒力返强和与野毒株发生重组的可能,且因运输和保存受限.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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