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采用肉汤稀释法和牛津杯法观察了蛇莓水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门菌标准菌和临床菌株体外抗菌活性;影印培养法观察亚抑菌浓度作用下,水提物对以上3种临床菌株质粒的消除作用;用微量滴定板法检测不同浓度水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌临床菌株生物膜形成的影响。结果显示,蛇莓水提物对大肠杆菌等不同临床菌株均有抑菌作用,当质量浓度≥125g/L时对菌株累计抑菌率达100%;蛇莓亚抑菌浓度作用大肠杆菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌24h后,质粒消除率分别为1.4%,5.1%,2.2%;不同浓度蛇莓水提物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌膜形成量均有影响,且存在浓度依赖关系。由此可见,蛇莓水提物对大肠杆菌等兽医临床常见病原菌有抗菌作用,对质粒有消除作用,能抑制细菌生物膜形成。 相似文献
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为评价石榴皮水提物与抗菌药物体外联合抗菌作用的效果,试验采用双层打孔法检测石榴皮水提物的抑菌能力,采用微量二倍稀释法测定石榴皮水提物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),使用棋盘法测定石榴皮提取物与庆大霉素、阿米卡星、链霉素、多西环素和恩诺沙星联用对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的作用效果。结果表明：制备的石榴皮水提物具有抑菌效果;对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的MIC分别为1.25 mg/mL和5 mg/mL;石榴皮水提物联合阿米卡星对大肠杆菌表现为相加作用,联合链霉素对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均表现为相加作用,联合庆大霉素对大肠杆菌表现为颉颃作用。说明石榴皮水提物可以与阿米卡星和链霉素联用,均表现为相加作用。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2020,(7)
为了探讨杂种鹅掌楸叶不同极性部位提取物对大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的体外抗菌效果,通过乙醇回流提取制得鹅掌楸醇提物,采用系统溶剂提取法萃取得到鹅掌楸叶醇提物的不同部位,并通过琼脂平板法和微量肉汤稀释法检测各部位的抗菌作用。结果显示:杂种鹅掌楸叶石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯提取物对沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌有不同程度的抗菌作用,其中氯仿部位作用最强,抑菌圈分别为18.0、16.0及17.0 mm,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.625、0.312 5及0.625 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为1.25、0.312 5及1.25 mg/mL。各部位提取物对大肠埃希菌无抗菌作用,正丁醇、水部位提取物对测试的4种菌均无抗菌作用。研究表明杂种鹅掌楸叶提取物对沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌有不同程度抗菌作用,其中氯仿部位提取物有较强抗菌作用。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2020,(5)
本文针对甘草、黄连、板蓝根、黄芩、黄芪、大青叶6种中药醇和水提取物,研究其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌作用效果。采用醇提法和水提法获得6种中药醇和水提取物;通过药敏试验,筛选对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有抑菌效果的中药提取物;通过试管2倍稀释法探明该中药提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌或大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);进而探明该中药提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌或大肠杆菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,6种中药醇水提取物中仅黄连醇提物和水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌表现较强的抑菌效果,浓度在0.5 mg/mL时,黄连醇提物和水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌分别达高敏和极敏。黄连醇提物和水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为0.08 mg/mL和0.04 mg/mL,MBC结果显示,黄连醇和水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌均表现杀菌作用,MBC分别为0.16 mg/mL和0.08 mg/mL。表明黄连醇提物和水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,且黄连水提物的抑菌效果优于黄连醇提物。 相似文献
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为研究板蓝根、五倍子、黄芪等20味苗药及其组方对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果，本试验通过水煎法、超声水提法、超声醇取法提取苗药及其组方的有效成分，采用二倍稀释法分别测定提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果显示，苗药不同提取方法对其抑菌效果影响不同，单味药效果：超声醇提法 > 超声水提法 > 水煎法。五倍子和仙鹤草超声醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC分别为0.18、0.71和1.43 mg/mL（五倍子）及1.56、3.13和3.13 mg/mL（仙鹤草）；南五味子、乌梅、刺梨、金银花、绵马贯众、杜仲的MIC值高于五倍子和仙鹤草，低于其他12种药，这6种单味苗药超声醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC分别为3.69~50.00、3.13~50.00及3.31~66.25 mg/mL。组方药效果结果显示，超声水提法 > 超声醇提法 > 水煎法。组方5超声水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC最低，分别为0.34、2.75和2.75 mg/mL；组方1超声水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC比组方2、3、4低，分别为2.88、5.75和5.75 mg/mL。结果表明，五倍子、仙鹤草及组方5对3种常见致病菌抑菌效果较强，南五味子、乌梅、刺梨、金银花、绵马贯众、杜仲和组方1有一定的抑菌作用，其他苗药的抑菌效果相对较弱。 相似文献
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Screening of the enterocin genes and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in Enterococcus strains obtained from different origins 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Theppangna W Murase T Tokumaru N Chikumi H Shimizu E Otsuki K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1235-1239
Antimicrobial activities of 139 Enterococcus isolates (48 E. faecium and 91 E. faecalis) obtained from canine feces, boiler meat samples, swine feces, wild waterfowl feces, and human feces were examined against respective bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Bacteriocin (BAC) production assay revealed that the antimicrobial activity against at least one of 6 indicator strains (BAC+ phenotype) was found in 51 (37%) isolates (29 E. faecium and 22 E. faecalis). Twenty-four of 46 isolates positive for at least one of the enterocin structural genes (entA, entB, entL50AB, and cylL) showed a BAC+ phenotype. The existence of other enterocins or nonenterocin factors was implied because the BAC+ phenotype was detected in a total of 27 Enterococcus isolates that had none of the enterocin genes tested. The antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative strains (Salmonella Enteritidis and E. coli) was detected in the 6 Enterococcus isolates that had either the entA, entB, entL50AB or cylL genes. Moreover, the proportion of the antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes among the cylL-positive E. faecalis isolates showing beta-hemolysis (10/16) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than among those lacking beta-hemolysis (2/15). The results suggested that certain characteristics are likely to be associated with the antimicrobial activity against specific organisms. 相似文献
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A total of 569 different bacterial isolates (156 Salmonella, 202 E. coli, 43 S. aureus, 38 S. hyicus, 52 E. faecalis, 78 E. faecium) were tested for susceptibility to copper sulphate, benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine using MIC determinations. A total of 442 isolates were also tested for susceptibility to formaldehyde and 177 isolates for susceptibility to zinc chloride. Enterococcal isolates formed a bimodal distribution of MICs to copper sulphate, whereas the other bacterial species formed one large population. Otherwise the isolates formed one large population of susceptibilities to the different antimicrobial agents. Large variations were observed in the susceptibility of the different bacterial species to the different compounds. Staphylococci were in general very susceptible to all antimicrobial compounds tested. The Salmonella isolates were in general less susceptible to copper sulphate, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine followed by E. coli and the Gram-positive species. The opposite was the case for zinc chloride. All isolates were very susceptible to H(2)O(2) with MICs ranging from 0.002 to 0.016%, and to formaldehyde with MICs at 0.003 and 0.006%. This study showed that Danish bacterial isolates from livestock so far have not or have only to a limited degree developed resistance to antimicrobial compounds commonly used for disinfection. Acquired copper resistance was only found in enterococci. There were large differences in the intrinsic susceptibility of the different bacterial species to these compounds, and Salmonella especially seems intrinsically less susceptible than the other bacterial species, which might have human health implications. 相似文献
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The prevalence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nonverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ontario broiler chickens. 
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下载免费PDF全文 R J Irwin S A McEwen R C Clarke A H Meek 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1989,53(4):411-418
The prevalence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ontario broiler chickens was determined by culturing cloacal samples from 500 individual birds selected from 50 poultry farms. Resistance to antimicrobials was determined for each of the isolates. In addition, abattoir and farm-level management data were obtained to evaluate variables that may be considered risk factors for infection. The variables selected included: Percentage of birds condemned at slaughter, percentage of birds dead-on-arrival, bird weight, truck number, farm size, hatchery source, litter source and type, feed source, mortality levels, type of water drinker, water sanitization, down time, barn clean out and history of antibiotic treatment. None of the cloacal samples revealed the presence of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli, though 19/500 (3.8%) contained Salmonella organisms. Nine different Salmonella serotypes were isolated; the most common being S. hadar, S. heidelberg and S. mbandaka. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was common among Salmonella (63%) and E. coli (25.2%) isolates. Resistance to two or more antimicrobials occurred in 420/500 (84%) of the E. coli isolates. No statistically significant associations between abattoir or farm-level management variables and the Salmonella-status of farms were demonstrated. 相似文献
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为了研究黄芪提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌的抑菌活性,采用试管二倍稀释法,测定黄芪提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的体外抑菌活性;采用相同浓度致病菌灌胃小鼠后,分别用黄芪提取物灌胃治疗,测定小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠中肠道菌群数量,以确定黄芪提取物的体内抑菌活性.结果表明,无论是在体外还是在体内,黄芪提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均具有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的抑制作用最强,对沙门氏菌的抑制作用最弱;且通过灌注黄芪提取物,显著降低了各种致病菌致病后小鼠的死亡率.通过研究可以得出,黄芪提取物对常见的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌具有较明显的体内外抑菌作用. 相似文献
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Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. cultured from identical fecal samples in finishing swine 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Csaba Varga Andrijana Raji&#x; Margaret E. McFall Richard J. Reid-Smith Anne E. Deckert David L. Pearl Brent P. Avery Sylvia L. Checkley Scott A. McEwen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):181-187
The objectives of this study were to investigate the associations between antimicrobial resistance patterns in generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from identical pen pooled fecal samples, and to evaluate potential clustering of multiple isolates of these organisms within identical fecal samples. Up to 5 generic E. coli (n = 922 isolates) and Salmonella spp. (n = 922 isolates) isolates were obtained from each of 188 pen pooled fecal samples that had been collected from 45 finishing swine farms in Alberta in 2000, and tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. No isolates of either organism were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones, which in Canada are considered antimicrobials of very high importance to human health. Approximately twice as many generic E. coli isolates as Salmonella spp. isolates were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial. In addition, E. coli isolates showed more multidrug-resistance patterns. No significant association was observed between the resistance phenotypes of Salmonella spp. and E. coli at the fecal sample level. More clustering at the sample level was observed for proportions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella spp. isolates than E. coli indicating that in future studies it might be sufficient to test fewer than 5 Salmonella spp. isolates per sample. 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌B13的分离鉴定及其抑菌作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在发掘有效的抗性菌以替代部分抗生素,并研究其抑菌作用,以大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用凝胶打孔法从猪肠道内容物中筛选出一株对3种病原菌均具有抑菌活性的菌株,利用形态特征观察、革兰氏染色、16SrDNA序列同源性比对鉴定菌株,并对其抑菌条件和生长条件进行优化。结果显示,试验筛选到1株对大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑制作用的菌株,经鉴定确定其为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),并命名为芽孢杆菌B13。此分离菌为革兰氏阳性菌,单生或成对生长。生长试验结果表明,该分离菌在pH为6.0,温度为34℃,以蔗糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,生长速度最快;在pH为7.0,温度为35℃,以麦芽糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,抗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌K88活性最高。本试验通过对芽孢杆菌B13的特性进行研究发现,此菌株具有较好的抑菌效果,在抑菌方面具有良好的开发应用前景。 相似文献
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Vo AT van Duijkeren E Fluit AC Heck ME Verbruggen A van der Zwaluw K Gaastra W 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,117(2-4):192-200
Fifty-nine Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (Salmonella Dublin) isolates from clinical cases of bovine salmonellosis between 1993 and 2004 were tested for their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents and the presence of class 1 integrons. Integrons were further analyzed by conserved segment PCR-RFLP. DNA sequencing was used to identify the inserted gene cassette. Twelve (20.3%) isolates were multidrug-resistant. A combination of resistance against chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphonamides was the most common phenotype observed. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) was found to be strongly associated with the presence of integrons, since a class 1 integron with the aadA1 gene cassette encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin was found in all 12 multidrug-resistant isolates. The presence of the aadA1 gene in Salmonella Dublin has not been reported before. None of the integron carrying Salmonella Dublin isolates could transfer its antimicrobial resistance to E. coli K12 by conjugation. Analysis of plasmid profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns showed at least some clonality among the Salmonella Dublin isolates, but 11 different types could be distinguished based on both XbaI and BlnI-PFGE patterns. Thus, the Dutch Salmonella Dublin strains were closely related but not clonal. 相似文献
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采用药敏纸片法分别对香椿皮水煎液及乙醇处理后的水煎液、臭椿皮水煎液及乙醇处理后的水煎液进行了体外抑菌试验,结果显示：香椿皮水煎液及乙醇处理后的水煎液对大肠杆菌C83902、沙门氏菌C500、葡萄球菌CAU0183的最小抑菌浓度为0.125g.mL-1,对大肠杆菌K88分离株的最小抑菌浓度为0.25g.mL-1;臭椿皮水煎液及乙醇处理后的水煎液对大肠杆菌C83902、大肠杆菌K88分离株、沙门氏菌C500无抑菌作用,对葡萄球菌CAU0183有一定的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为0.25g.mL-1。 相似文献
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为观察连翘提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌的抑菌活性,试验采用试管二倍稀释法,测定连翘提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的体外抑菌活性;采用相同浓度致病菌灌胃小鼠后,分别用连翘提取物灌胃治疗,测定小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠中肠道菌群数量。结果表明,无论是在体外还是在体内,连翘提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均具有抑制作用,且对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制性最强,对沙门氏菌抑制性最弱;通过灌注连翘提取物,显著降低了各致病菌致病后小鼠的死亡率。通过研究得出以下结论,连翘提取物对常见的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌具有较明显的体内外抑菌作用。 相似文献