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血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial ce11s,VECs)很长一段时间被认为是机体和外界之间物质交换屏障,随着显微镜、细胞培养和分子生物学的发展发现内皮细胞在机体的免疫应答和炎性反应过程中起到非常重要的作用。人参皂苷Rb1和黄芪多糖都具有提高机体免疫的功能,本试验通过研究人参皂苷Rb1和黄芪多糖对微血管内皮细胞分泌NOI、L-6和TNF-α的影响,为阐述人参皂苷Rb1和黄芪多糖免疫作用机制提供一些试验数据。1材料与方法1.1药品及材料黄芪(产于山西)购自北京同仁堂;人参皂苷购自中国药品生物制品检定所;NO检测试剂盒I、L-6试剂盒和TNF… 相似文献
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青年鸡的饲养是蛋鸡生产中的重要环节,保证青年鸡的稳定生长和成熟并提升机体免疫力是提高生产性能的关键点。本文对人参药渣的主要成分人参皂苷进行探讨,从提升鸡的神经体液调节、促进体成熟与性成熟同步、完善免疫调节功能三个方面分析人参皂苷在青年鸡生产上的应用潜力。 相似文献
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硫酸化人参总皂苷体外对免疫活性细胞功能的调节 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用MTT法及形态学观察法研究4种硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物对体外ConA促淋巴细胞增殖、转化的影响,并采用乳酸脱氢酶释放法探讨了其对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响.结果表明,人参总皂苷对淋巴细胞增殖影响不明显,较高质量浓度(>150 mg/L)能抑制淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.01);硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物2、3在一定质量浓度下都能明显或极明显增加淋巴细胞(鸡的外周血淋巴细胞,小鼠脾淋巴细胞)增殖活性(P<0.05,P<0.01),且所试质量浓度硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物的D值显著或极显著高于同质量浓度人参总皂苷(P<0.05.P<0.01);人参总皂苷、衍生物2、3都能提高小鼠NK细胞的活性(P<0.01),且衍生物2、3的作用比人参总皂苷更强(P<0.05,P<0.01).结果提示,人参总皂苷经硫酸化修饰后,在体外能明显增强免疫活性细胞功能. 相似文献
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周孝明 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(2):198-198
多糖属于一种高分子的化合物,其独特的活性已被人们广泛关注。多糖在抗病毒以及抗肿瘤方面有一定的作用,为此人们已将其广泛的应用到畜牧养殖中。本文主要介绍多糖在畜牧养殖中的应用情况。1多糖具有的功效1.1较强的免疫力调节活性多糖可提高家禽的免疫力。可增强畜禽吞噬细胞的功能,还可帮助畜禽真正形成特异性抗体新生儿溶血素。多种研究结果表明多糖具有很强的抗淋巴瘤作用,与畜禽的免疫功能密切相关。 相似文献
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硫酸化人参总皂苷对人工感染MDV鸡淋巴细胞活性的调节 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鸡马立克氏病病毒（MDV）经腹腔注射感染8日龄雏鸡,攻毒15 d后检测硫酸化人参总皂苷对鸡外周血白细胞数和淋巴细胞增殖活性的影响,并利用半定量RT-PCR方法分析外周血淋巴细胞IFN-γmRNA的表达水平。结果表明,MDV感染能引起鸡淋巴细胞百分比相对增多（P〈0.01）,人参总皂苷及其硫酸化人参总皂苷不能改变MDV所致变化（P〉0.05）,且硫酸化人参总皂苷与人参总皂苷之间没有差异（P〉0.05）;MDV感染极显著抑制淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.01）,人参总皂苷能明显改善MDV对感染鸡淋巴细胞增殖的抑制（P〈0.01）,硫酸化人参总皂苷促进了MDV所致的抑制状态（P〈0.01）;人参总皂苷及其硫酸化人参总皂苷均能增强MDV所致鸡淋巴细胞IFN-γmRNA的表达,与健康组相比,硫酸化人参总皂苷极显著增加IFN-γmRNA表达（P〈0.01）。结果提示,硫酸化人参总皂苷对人工感染MDV鸡的淋巴细胞活性具有调节作用,其作用比人参总皂苷的作用更强。 相似文献
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人参总皂苷对MSB-1细胞的增殖抑制作用及其机理初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同浓度的人参总皂苷与马立克氏病肿瘤细胞系MSB-1细胞共同作用,利用改良MTT法测定了人参总皂苷对MSB-1细胞的增殖抑制作用,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞术、荧光检测和电镜形态学观察等方法探讨其抑制机理。实验结果表明:人参总皂苷对MSB-1细胞的增殖存在抑制作用,并呈剂量-时间依赖性,人参总皂苷与MSB-1细胞培养72 h后的半数抑制浓度为:340.41μg/mL,其95%可信限为:(340.41±33.7)μg/mL。流式细胞术测定表明,人参总皂苷抑制了MSB-1细胞DNA的合成。琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析、荧光检测和透射电镜观察表明,人参总皂苷可以诱导部分MSB-1细胞发生凋亡。 相似文献
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用氯磺酸-吡啶试剂制备了硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物，采用红外光谱仪检测到制备的硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物中在1230cm^-1和810cm^-1有硫酸酯键的特征吸收峰。为了初步探讨硫酸化人参总皂苷的免疫学活性．以MTT法测定了人参总皂苷及其衍生物对鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果表明，150μg／m1人参总皂苷和衍生物均能显著抑制鸡外周血淋巴细胞的增殖（P〈0．05），10μg／ml的衍生物能极显著促进淋巴细胞增殖，与同浓度人参总皂苷相比活性极显著增强（P〈0．01）。实验结果提示，对人参总皂苷进行硫酸化修饰是可行的，经硫酸化后人参总皂苷衍生物的免疫活性明显增强。 相似文献
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Wendy Pearson Semir Omar Andrew F. Clarke 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(3):213-217
The purpose of this study was to determine if ginseng fed at low levels enhances a horse's antibody response to vaccination against Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). For 28 d, 5 horses received ground, powdered ginseng (35 mg/kg body weight, 1.7 mg/kg total ginsenosides) in molasses as a carrier, and 5 received molasses only. On day 14, each horse was vaccinated against EHV-1. The time course of the antibody response to vaccination was significantly altered in the horses receiving ginseng, a clinically relevant increase in antibody titer being observed by postvaccination day 2 compared with day 6 in the control horses. The horses receiving ginseng also had a significant decrease in serum levels of sodium and a significant increase in serum levels of potassium. No adverse effects of ginseng treatment were identified by hematologic and blood biochemistry profiles. Thus, low-dose dietary supplementation with ginseng in healthy horses may be a useful adjunct to vaccination. 相似文献
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Ginseng, the dry extract prepared from the Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer-root contain immunomodulators named ginsenosides, which in the pig enhance the antibody response to viral and bacterial antigens. The enhancing effect of ginseng was demonstrated vaccinating pigs against porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections, using commercially available vaccines. The potency of the licensed, aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted; vaccines were compared with those supplemented with ginseng. The antibody response to PPV was measured by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test whereas the mouse potency test and ELISA evaluated the immune response to E. rhusiopathiae. Antibodies to the 64-66 kDa glycoprotein of the E. rhusiopathiae were demonstrated by immunoblotting. The qualitative antibody responses were evaluated by means of ELISA(s) using monoclonal antibodies to swine IgG1 and IgG2. The addition of 2mg ginseng per vaccine dose, potentiate the antibody response of the commercial vaccines without altering their safety. Significantly higher (P<0.001) antibody titres were achieved to both PPV and to E. rhusiopathiae by the supplementation with ginseng. Aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines favoured the production of IgG1 antibodies. Interestingly, the vaccines supplemented with ginseng favoured IgG2. The vaccines used in the evaluations varied in their immunogenic potency. However, after the addition of ginseng the less immunogenic vaccine proved to be as potent as the better one without ginseng. Thus, the use of ginseng as a co-adjuvant provides a simple, safe and cheap alternative for improving the potency of aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines. 相似文献
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Effects of ginsenosides on organogenesis and expression of glutathione peroxidase genes in cultured rat embryos 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Lee SR Kim MR Yon JM Baek IJ Lee BJ Ahn B Kim YB Kwack SJ Lee RD Kim SS Cho DH Hur GH Yun YW Nam SY 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(3):164-170
Ginseng has been extensively used around the world for several thousand years as a food or drug. However, recently, several reports have indicated that the organogenesis of cultured embryos is inhibited by treatment with ginsenoside, the principal component of ginseng. In this study, we evaluated the morphological changes of embryos and the gene expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes, 3 types of glutathione peroxidases [GPx; cytosolic (cGPx), plasma (pGPx) and phospholipid hydroperoxide (phGPx) forms], in cultured rat embryos (embryonic days 9.5-11.5) exposed to ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Re and Rc at levels of 5, 50 and 100 microg/ml. With regard to total morphological scores, no significant differences were noted in the embryos exposed to all doses of ginsenosides, with the exception of 50 microg/ml of Rc. In the cultured embryos exposed to Rg1, a majority of the developmental parameters were normal, but growth of the hind- and mid- brains and the caudal neural tube was significantly increased compared with that observed in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, Rc significantly enhanced the growth of a variety of developmental parameters in the cultured embryos, with the exception of the hindlimbs. According to the results of our semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, the levels of cGPx and phGPx mRNA in the cultured embryos were unaffected by treatment with the ginsenosides. However, the levels of pGPx mRNA increased significantly in the embryos treated with ginsenosides Re, Rc and Rb1 compared with the control group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that ginsenosides may exert a stimulatory effect on the growth of embryos via differential expression of GPx genes. 相似文献
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Westendarp H 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,113(10):379-384
Polysaccharides are widespread biopolymers, which quantitatively represent the most important group of nutrients in botanical feed. In animal nutrition polysaccharides, which cannot be degraded by endogeneous enzymes and therfore reach the colon almost indigested, are summarized as "non-starch-polysaccharides (NSP)". Individual NSP groups have different chemical and physical characteristics, that result in various effects on physiology of intestine and on organism in general. They affect e.g. digesta passage, nutrient resorption, microbial growth and activity, lipid metabolism and immune systeme. The physiological effects lead to conclusion that some polysaccharides are suitable tools in health management of farm animals. However, limitations result from antinutritive effects and from little scientific knowledge about modes of action in vivo. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(1):154-160
Nutrient absorption occurs from the intestinal surfaces. Strategy in nutrient recovery by the small intestine is opposite to that of the large intestine. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum have a very expansive mucosa by virtue of villi from the wall and microvilli on enterocytes, whereas the cecal body dominates the large intestine with its mucosa providing minimal surface area exposure to the lumen. Refluxive motility and villi movement in the small intestine provide ready convective contact between lumen contents and the unstirred water layer at the villi surfaces while contractile elements move microvilli to enhance contact after transfer into this surface. Refluxive motility in the colon gently separates fine from coarse particulates of small intestinal indigesta using urine moved from the urodeum. Cecal entry is restricted to fluid and fines by narrow orifices and protruding villi. Microbes in the small intestine are suppressed and reflect a bird's environment, whereas rapid motility favors aerobes because of oxygen exchange with the wall. Microbes in the large intestine are highly concentrated with low oxygen levels that support anaerobes. Plant fiber that has high proportions of cellulose lends to coarse particulates after feed manufacturing, whereas fiber high in hemicellulose-pectin combinations disintegrate and may be partially soluble. Fiber generally acts as a dietary diluent with coarse particulates being more rapidly evacuated than soluble nonstarch polysaccharides or fines. Soluble nonstarch polysaccharides that increase viscosity of the small intestine's luminal contents adversely affect live performance because of impaired efficiency of convection, reduced rate of exchange with the mucosa, and an expanded microbial population. Both nonstarch soluble fiber and the fine particulates are readily fermented to volatile fatty acids in the ceca that contribute to metabolizable energy. 相似文献
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食药用真菌不仅给人们提供了大量的健康食品，其次级代谢产物所具有的生物学活性也存在着巨大应用潜力，近年来逐渐受到关注。多糖是食药用真菌的主要活性成分，具有增强机体免疫力、抗病毒、抗氧化、降血脂、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗溃疡等生物学活性，被称为生物反应调节剂。目前，关于食药用真菌多糖的药理作用研究较为全面，但主要以单一多糖的药理作用研究为主，缺乏多糖之间的协同作用研究。食药用真菌多糖在兽医临床中主要作为调节动物机体免疫力、促生长的饲料添加剂使用，对于其在抗腹泻、抗菌、抗病毒等方面的应用及药理作用机制研究较少。作者主要对食药用真菌多糖的药理作用、构效关系和兽医临床应用等方面的研究进行了综述，并对目前食药用真菌多糖研究中存在的问题进行了分析，对其在兽医临床中的应用前景也做了展望。 相似文献
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H5N2亚型禽流感病毒中药佐剂灭活苗对公雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将200只海兰褐公雏鸡分为4组,每组50只。A组注射H5N2亚型禽流感病毒黄芪多糖油乳剂灭活苗;B组注射H5N2亚型禽流感病毒人参皂苷油乳剂灭活苗;C组注射H5N2亚型禽流感病毒普通油乳剂灭活苗;D组注射生理盐水油乳剂（空白对照）。分别在免疫前随机选取5只鸡心脏采血,EDTA抗凝。于免疫后5、12、19 d每组每次分别随机选取5只鸡心脏采血,EDTA抗凝,检查各阶段各组鸡外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况。结果表明,免疫后第12天,黄芪多糖和人参皂苷可提高CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞的比值,与普通疫苗和对照组相比,差异极显著（P<0.01）;黄芪多糖和人参皂苷可提高CD4+淋巴细胞亚群的百分率,与免疫前相比,差异极显著或显著（P<0.01或P<0.05）。 相似文献
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绿海龟消化道组织学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过常规组织学切片方法,对绿海龟的消化道进行组织学观察.结果发现除口腔和泄殖腔外,消化道均由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜层组成.消化道各段的结构差异主要集中在黏膜层和肌层.其中食管黏膜存在特殊的高度角化倒齿结构,而非常见的皱襞,且食管黏膜层下有较发达的纵行骨骼肌.食道的黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,胃、小肠和大脑均为单层柱状上皮.除食管外,消化道各殷的肌层均由内环外纵的平滑肌组成,且环形肌均较纵行肌发达.肠道各段黏膜固有层中均有见弥散的淋巴组织. 相似文献