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1.
Analysis of hepatic enzyme activities in serum samples from 1- to 3-day-old pups revealed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities that were 30 times higher and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities that were 100 times higher than activities in clinically normal adult dogs. A study was conducted to investigate high enzyme activity in pups and to determine whether there is any association between serum enzyme activity and colostrum ingestion, passive transfer of maternal serum enzyme (in colostrum or in utero), or excessive renal or hepatic tissue enzymes. Serum enzyme activity was quantified in 15 neonatal pups before and after ingestion of colostrum and in 3 colostrum-deprived neonates fed a milk substitute. Serum samples were collected on postpartum days 0, 1, 10, 15, and 30. Enzyme activity was also quantified in serum from pregnant and lactating bitches (collected on days -2, 0, 1, 10, 30), hepatic and renal tissue from clinically normal adult dogs and 1-day-old pups, colostrum, milk (collected on days 10 and 30), and milk replacer. Significant (P less than 0.01) differences in serum GGT and ALP activities between colostrum-deprived and suckling pups did not exist before initial feeding. Significant (P less than 0.001) increases in serum GGT and ALP activities developed within 24 hours in suckling pups, but not in the colostrum-deprived pups. At 10 and 30 days after birth, serum GGT and ALP activities were less than values before suckling in all pups. Enzyme activities in bitches' serum remained within the normal range for adult dogs throughout whelping and lactation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: Reference ranges for serum bile acids (SBA) concentration are well established in healthy adult horses. Increased values are indicative of hepatic disease. HYPOTHESES: SBA concentrations are significantly greater in the neonatal period compared with mature horses, and illness in the neonatal period will further increase SBA. ANIMALS: Ten healthy mature horses, 12 healthy foals, and 31 clinically ill foals. METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study. Blood samples were obtained once from the mature horses, from healthy foals immediately after birth, at 2 days, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks of age; and from ill foals less than 1 month of age at the time of admission to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. SBA concentrations were determined enzymatically and by radioimmunoassay. Total and direct bilirubin and triglyceride concentrations were measured, as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities. RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between age and SBA concentration. Compared with mature horses, SBA concentrations were significantly greater in healthy foals at each collection time over the first 6 weeks of life. Radioimmunoassay values were lower than enzymatic SBA values, with increasing bias as the mean difference between values increased. When comparing age-matched values between healthy and ill foals, there were no significant differences in SBA. None of the ill foals had a primary diagnosis of hepatic disease. There was no significant correlation between the SBA concentration and the bilirubin or triglyceride concentrations or the GGT activity. There was a significant direct correlation between increased SBA and serum SDH activity in healthy foals only. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: SBA concentrations in foals are significantly higher in the early neonatal period, underscoring the importance of using age-matched references when evaluating clinical pathology values during the neonatal period.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
In domestic animal medicine, changes in serum enzyme levels are routinely used as diagnostic tools to detect liver disease. Hepatic disease occurs in pinnipeds, but limited data are available on the tissue distribution of serum enzymes in marine mammals. The objectives of this study were to determine the tissue distribution of seven serum enzymes in three pinniped species. Enzymes evaluated were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in tissues from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) (n = 5), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (n = 5), and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) (n = 5) that stranded and then died at a rehabilitation center. Samples were evaluated in duplicate from liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney, adrenal, spleen, pancreas, lung, lymph node, and intestine. Patterns of tissue enzyme distribution were similar in all species, with SDH activity highest in liver and kidney, CK activity highest in skeletal and cardiac muscle, ALP activity highest in adrenal, and GGT activity highest in the kidney. Aspartate aminotransferase and LDH activities were less specific, with high activity in multiple tissues. Tissue ALT activity was high in the liver of all species, but was also high in cardiac muscle (California sea lions), skeletal muscle (harbor seals), and kidney (elephant seals). These results suggest that concurrent analysis of SDH, ALT, and CK would provide high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of hepatic lesions, and allow differentiation of liver from skeletal muscle lesions in pinniped species.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in young healthy goats. DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 24 healthy 9-month-old female goats. PROCEDURE: Goats were sedated with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and anesthetized with halothane (n = 12) or isoflurane (12) while undergoing tendon surgery. End-tidal halothane and isoflurane concentrations were maintained at 0.9 and 1.2 times the minimal alveolar concentrations, respectively, and ventilation was controlled. Venous blood samples were collected approximately 15 minutes after xylazine was administered and 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Goats were euthanatized 25 or 62 days after anesthesia, and postmortem liver specimens were submitted for histologic examination. RESULTS: All goats recovered from anesthesia and survived until euthanasia. Serum SDH, GGT, and ALP activities and bilirubin concentration did not increase after anesthesia, but serum AST activity was significantly increased. However, serum hepatic enzyme activities were within reference limits at all times in all except 1 goat in which serum AST activity was high 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia. This goat had been anesthetized with halothane and had the longest duration of anesthesia. No clinically important abnormalities were seen on histologic examination of liver specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that use of halothane or isoflurane for anesthesia in young healthy goats is unlikely to cause hepatic injury.  相似文献   

6.
Objective – To determine: (1) changes in blood ammonia, bile acid (BA), bilirubin, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations and liver enzyme activities in perioperative colic patients and (2) the association between these laboratory findings and short‐term survival. Design – Prospective observational clinical study. Animals – Thirty‐two adult horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy for colic. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Blood samples were collected preoperatively and at 24–36 and 72–84 hours postoperatively and analyzed for blood ammonia, BA, bilirubin, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Short‐term survival was defined as survival to hospital discharge. Data were analyzed using a Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. Mildly increased blood ammonia concentrations were present in 2 horses at admission. Postoperative blood ammonia concentrations were within reference intervals in all horses. There were increases in liver enzyme activities as well as in BA, triglyceride, and total bilirubin concentrations. Horses with markedly increased admission BA concentrations and SDH activities did not survive. BA concentrations and SDH activities decreased postoperatively. There was no association between GGT activity and survival; GGT activity remained increased postoperatively. Blood triglyceride concentration was increased in almost all horses postoperatively; horses that did not survive had higher triglyceride concentrations at 24–36 hours postoperatively than horses that survived. Conclusion – Alterations in metabolism and hepatobiliary function are common in colic patients. The results of this study provide further prognostic indices for colic patients and highlight areas for improvement in patient management.  相似文献   

7.
Long-term administration of phenobarbital has been reported to cause hepatic injury in dogs. Phenobarbital induces hepatic enzymes, and it may be difficult to distinguish the effect of enzyme induction on serum liver enzyme activities from actual hepatic damage. The hepatotoxicity of phenobarbital and the impact of enzyme induction on serum liver enzyme activity were investigated prospectively in 12 normal dogs. Phenobarbital was administered for 29 weeks at 5 mg per kilogram of body weight (range, 4.8— 6.6 mg/kg) PO q12h, resulting in therapeutic serum phenobarbital concentrations (20–40 μg/mL). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), fasted bile acids (fBA), total bilirubin, and albumin were determined before and during treatment. Lateral abdominal radiographs, abdominal ultrasounds, and histopathologic examinations of liver tissue obtained by ultrasound-guided biopsy were performed before and during treatment. Radiographs revealed a moderate increase in liver size in most dogs. Ultrasonographic examination revealed no change in liver echogenicity or architecture. No evidence of morphologic liver damage was observed histopathologically. ALP and ALT increased significantly ( P < .05), GGT increased transiently, and albumin decreased transiently during the study. There were no significant changes in AST, bilirubin, and fBA. These results suggest that increases in serum ALP, ALT, and GGT may reflect enzyme induction rather than hepatic injury during phenobarbital treatment in dogs. Serum AST, fBA, and bilirubin, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver are not affected by the enzyme-inducing effect of phenobarbital and can therefore be helpful to assess liver disease in dogs treated with the drug.  相似文献   

8.
The diagnostic efficacy of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities was examined, using the records of 270 dogs initially suspected of having hepatobiliary disease on the basis of history, findings on physical examination, results of baseline screening tests, or any combination of these data. Histologic examination of hepatic tissue was performed in each dog. Sixty-three dogs did not have histologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease and served as the control group. On the basis of diagnosis, dogs were assigned to 1 of 8 groups: dogs with cirrhosis (n = 34), steroid hepatopathy (n = 16), hepatic neoplasia (primary and secondary, n = 36), chronic hepatitis (n = 14), chronic passive congestion (n = 5), hepatic necrosis (n = 17), portosystemic vascular anomaly (n = 35), and cholestasis (extrahepatic bile-duct obstruction and intrahepatic cholestasis, n = 50). Of the 207 dogs with hepatobiliary disease, 29 (14%) had normal ALP and GGT activities, 31 (15%) had normal ALP activity, and 112 (54%) had normal GGT activity. Of the 63 control dogs, 29 (46%) had normal serum ALP and GGT activities, 32 had normal ALP activity (ALP specificity, 51%), and 55 had normal GGT activity (GGT specificity, 87%). The specificity of ALP and GGT in parallel (positive result = result of either test abnormal) was 46%, and in series (positive result = results of both tests abnormal) was 91%. The highest median activities of ALP developed in dogs with cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, chronic hepatitis, and hepatic necrosis. The highest median activities of GGT developed in dogs with steroid hepatopathy, cholestasis, and hepatic necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for control of canine epilepsy. Phenobarbital induces hepatic enzyme activity, can be hepatotoxic, and decreases serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations in some dogs. The duration of liver enzyme induction and T4 concentration decreases after discontinuation of phenobarbital is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the changes in serum total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cholesterol and albumin concentrations, and activities in serum of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) after discontinuation of long-term phenobarbital administration in normal dogs. Twelve normal dogs were administered phenobarbital at a dosage of approximately 4.4-6.6 mg/kg PO q12h for 27 weeks. Blood was collected for analysis before and after 27 weeks of phenobarbital administration and then weekly for 10 weeks after discontinuation of the drug. The dogs were clinically normal throughout the study period. Serum ALT and ALP activity and TSH and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher than baseline at week 27. Serum T4 and FT4 were significantly lower. Serum albumin and GGT were not changed from baseline at week 27. Changes in estimate of thyroid function (TT4, FT4, TSH) persisted for 1-4 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital, whereas changes in hepatic enzyme activity (ALT, ALP) and cholesterol concentration resolved in 3-5 weeks. To avoid false positive results, it is recommended that thyroid testing be performed at least 4 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital administration. Elevated serum activity of hepatic enzymes 6-8 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital may indicate hepatic disease.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers is associated with high serum liver enzyme activities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 65 Miniature Schnauzers with serum triglyceride concentrations within the reference range (group 1), 20 Miniature Schnauzers with slightly high serum triglyceride concentrations (group 2), and 20 Miniature Schnauzers with moderately to severely high serum triglyceride concentrations (group 3). PROCEDURES: Questionnaires regarding each dog's medical history were completed, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and G-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities were measured. RESULTS: Median serum ALP activity was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 or 2 dogs, but was not significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 dogs. Median serum ALT activity was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 dogs, but was not significantly different between any of the other groups. Compared with group 1 dogs, group 2 and 3 dogs were significantly more likely to have high serum ALP activity (odds ratio, 26.2 and 192.6, respectively). Group 3 dogs also were significantly more likely to have high serum ALT activity (odds ratio, 8.0), serum AST activity (odds ratio, 3.7), and serum GGT activity (odds ratio, 11.3), compared with group 1 dogs. Group 3 dogs were significantly more likely (odds ratio, 31.0) to have > or = 2 high serum liver enzyme activities than were group 1 dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia was associated with high serum liver enzyme activities in Miniature Schnauzers.  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: Fourteen horses at a boarding stable in Virginia were diagnosed with hepatic disease and locally grown hay was implicated as the cause. HYPOTHESIS: Panicum dichotomiflorum, the predominant grass species in the hay, is hepatotoxic to horses. ANIMALS: Naturally occurring cases were adult horses of various breeds. Two healthy adult horses and 2 healthy adult sheep were used in feeding trials. METHODS: Blood and liver specimens collected from affected animals during the outbreak were analyzed. Some of the affected animals were treated supportively; the main intervention was hay withdrawal. Feeding trials were not blinded and no treatments were provided. Blood and liver specimens were collected and analyzed throughout the trials. RESULTS: Five affected animals were euthanized, whereas the others recovered. One research horse was euthanized for postmortem examination, and the other research animals recovered after hay withdrawal. All affected animals had evidence of hepatic disease with abnormally high aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Evaluation of liver biopsy specimens disclosed mild lymphocytic and histiocytic inflammation, mild vacuolar change (hydropic degeneration), prominently clumped chromatin, and necrosis of individual hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Severe hepatotoxicosis developed rapidly after Panicum hay exposure. Patchy hepatocyte necrosis was observed, implicating apoptosis as the mechanism of hepatotoxicosis. Absence of fibrosis in the research animals indicates that immediate withdrawal of Panicum hay should allow all but severely affected animals to recover from acute exposure.  相似文献   

12.
This study was designed to evaluate whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG), an extensively studied probiotic organism in humans, can colonize the intestines of adult horses and foals. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG was administered to adult horses at doses of 1 x 10(9) CFU/50kg bodyweight (BW)/day (group 1, 7 horses), 1 x 10(10) colony forming units/ 50kg BW/day (group 2, 7 horses) and 5 x 10(10) colony forming units/50kg BW/day (group 3, 7 horses) for 5 d. Foals received 2 x 10(10) colony forming units/50kg BW/day (group 1, 7 foals) or 1 x 10(11) colony forming units/50kg BW/day (group 2, 7 foals) for 5 d. Fecal levels of L. rhamnosus strain GG in adult horses were low and variable in the 2 lower dose groups. Even in the high dose group, colonization was relatively low. In contrast, more consistent intestinal colonization was present in foals, and colonization persisted for up to 9 d following cessation of administration. No adverse effects were observed in any animal. Clinical studies evaluating this probiotic are indicated in foals. The presence of this organism in the feces of adult horses may only represent passive movement through the intestinal tract, not actual colonization. Consistent intestinal colonization in adults was only achieved with a prohibitively high dose.  相似文献   

13.
The diagnostic value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the detection of liver disease in the cat (n = 69) was compared. On the basis of histologic examination of the liver, cats were assigned to 8 groups: group 1--complete extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (n = 5), group 2--cholangiohepatitis-cholangitis syndrome (n = 11), group 3--hepatic lipidosis (n = 15), group 4--neoplasia, including lymphosarcoma and myeloproliferative disease (n = 9), group 5--hepatic necrosis (n = 7), group 6--cirrhosis (n = 3), group 7--portosystemic vascular anomaly (n = 4), and group 8--miscellaneous (n = 15). Cats assigned to group 8 lacked substantial histologic abnormalities of the liver. The mean value +/- SD of GGT in 20 clinically normal cats was 0.44 +/- 0.26 IU/L. The highest GGT activity in clinical patients developed in groups 1, 2, and 6. The highest ALP activity developed in groups 1 to 4. Significant correlations between GGT and ALP activities were detected only in groups 2 (P less than 0.001) and 5 (P less than 0.10). Among 54 cats with hepatic disease, only 11% had both the GGT and ALP activities within the normal ranges. Comparatively, 52% had ALP activities within the normal range, and 17% had GGT activities within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of IgA and IgG subclasses in serum, colostrum, milk, and nasal wash samples of adult horses and foals. ANIMALS: Seven 2-year-old Welsh ponies, 27 adult mixed-breed horses, and 5 Quarter Horse mares and their foals. PROCEDURE: Serum was obtained from ponies and adult horses. Colostrum and milk were obtained from mares and serum and nasal wash samples from their foals immediately after parturition and on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 63. Nasal wash samples were also obtained from 23 adult horses. Concentrations of immunoglobulins were determined by use of inhibition ELISA. To determine transfer of maternal isotypes to foals, concentrations in colostrum and milk were compared with those in foal serum. Serum half-lives of isotypes in foals were also determined. RESULTS: IgGb was the most abundant isotype in serum and colostrum from adult horses, whereas IgA was the predominant isotype in milk. The major isotype in nasal secretions of adult horses and foals > or = 28 days old was IgA, but IgGa and IgGb were the major isotypes in nasal secretions of foals < or = 14 days old. Serum half lives of IgGa, IgGb, IgG(T), and IgA in foals were 176, 32, 21, and 3.4 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The early immunoglobulin repertoire of neonatal foals comprised IgGa, IgG(T), and IgA; endogenous synthesis of IgGb could not be detected until 63 days after birth. The restricted repertoire of immunoglobulins in foals may influence humoral immune responses to vaccination.  相似文献   

15.
Serial blood samples were obtained from 16 Standardbred foals from time of birth to postpartum day 28. Sera were obtained and analyzed for gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G. Presuckle colostrum from the respective mares of these foals was analyzed for GGT activity. Mean serum aspartate transaminase activities were significantly increased above presuckle values by postpartum hour 48 (P less than 0.01) and increased gradually over the first 14 days. Mean serum IgG concentrations were significantly greater than presuckle values by 5 hours after foals first suckled (P less than 0.01) and remained significantly increased during the 28-day sampling period. Serum GGT activity did not differ significantly over the period sampled. The SD were large, since there was a large degree of interindividual variation. Serum GGT activity in the foals was significantly increased over that in the mares throughout the period of the study. The profile of serum GGT activity over time in each foal did not show a pattern of change. There was no postsuckle increase in serum GGT activity nor a correlation between serum GGT activities and IgG concentrations at 24 hours after foals first suckled. Evidence was not obtained to support a colostric source of GGT involved in the increase of serum GGT activity in foals. Serum GGT activity seems to be increased in foals due to endogenous sources.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age and plasma treatment on neutrophil phagocytosis, CD18 expression and serum opsonic capacity in foals in field settings. Microbial infections constitute a large threat in young foals and neutrophil functions are crucial for the defense. Blood samples were obtained from 13 foals at seven time points between the ages of 2 and 56 days and once from 16 adult horses. Six of the foals were treated with adult plasma at the age of 1 week. Neutrophil phagocytosis of yeast after various opsonizations and the expression of complement adhesion receptor CD18 were analysed by flow cytometry. Autologous serum opsonization resulted in 52+/-6.1% phagocytic neutrophils in 2-day-old foals (n = 12), a significantly lower rate than in adult horses (mean 84+/-3.1%; n = 16). In foals, yeast ingestion per neutrophil was also lower than in adults. Opsonic capacity increased with age (p < 0.05), reaching adult levels at 3-4 weeks. An increase in serum opsonic capacity followed plasma treatment (p < 0.05). The phagocytic capacity of foal neutrophils at the time-points studied was equal to or higher than that in the adults, when pooled adult horse serum or anti-yeast IgG was used as opsonin. In foals, serum IgG concentration was negatively correlated to serum opsonic capacity. CD18 receptor expression was higher in neutrophils from foals (<21 days old) than in those from adult horses (p < 0.05). The results indicate that foals are transiently deficient in serum opsonic capacity, which negatively affects their capacity for neutrophil phagocytosis. These changes in serum opsonins, unrelated to IgG, may be important factors in susceptibility to infections in foals.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether feed restriction induces hepatic lipidosis (HL) in llamas and to evaluate the metabolic changes that develop during feed restriction. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult female llamas. PROCEDURE: Llamas were fed grass hay at a rate of 0.25% of their body weight per day for 13 to 28 days. Llamas were monitored by use of clinical observation, serum biochemical analyses, and ultrasound-guided liver biopsies. RESULTS: All 8 llamas lost weight and mobilized fat. Five llamas developed HL, including 4 that were nursing crias. During the period of feed restriction, mean serum concentration of bile acids and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly higher in llamas that developed HL, compared with llamas that did not. Mean insulin-to-cortisol concentration ratios were lower in llamas with HL before and up to 7 days of feed restriction, compared with those that did not develop HL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: HL in llamas may be induced by severe feed restriction, particularly in the face of increased energy demand. Llamas with weight loss attributable to inadequate dietary intake may develop biochemical evidence of hepatopathy and HL. Increases in serum concentration of bile acids and activities of GGT, AST, and SDH may indicate the development of HL in llamas and identify affected animals for aggressive therapeutic intervention.  相似文献   

18.
A manual kit for determining serum 5'nucleotidase (5'NT, EC 3.1.3.5) activity was adapted for use with rat samples on a large discrete clinical chemistry analyzer. The precision of the method was good (within-run C.V. = 2.14%; between-run C.V. = 5.5%). A comparison of the new automated method with a manual and semi-automated method gave regression statistics of y = 1.18X -3.66 (Sy. x = 4.54), and y = 0.733X + 1.97 (Sy. x = 1.69), respectively. Temperature conversion factors provided by the kit manufacturer for human samples were determined to be inaccurate for converting results from rat samples. Analysis of components contributing to normal variation in rat serum 5'NT activity showed age and sex to be major factors. Increased serum 5'NT activity was observed in female rats when compared to male rats beginning at about 5 to 6 weeks of age. An analysis of variance of serum 5'NT, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities observed over a 9-week period in normal rats suggests several advantages for 5'NT as a predictor of biliary lesions in rats.  相似文献   

19.
In order to assess which laboratorial parameters need specific age- and/or gender-related reference values, hematological and biochemical profiles (including hormones) were performed in 205 Spanish foals of 5 groups: A (1-2 months; 20 fillies, 10 colts), B (2-3 months; 24 fillies, 18 colts), C (3-6 months; 25 fillies, 16 colts), D (6-9 months; 20 fillies, 23 colts) and E (9-12 months; 25 fillies, 15 colts). Additionally, 120 adult horses were sampled in order to establish baseline data for this breed in our laboratory. Group E had lower red blood cell number and mean cell volume than B, C and D, and neutrophil count was lower in A. Albumin was lower in A than in D, lactate was higher in B, C and D, CK, AST and K were higher in C. In D and E, cortisol was lower and adrenaline was higher. Urea progressively increases, whereas ALP decreases with age. Packed cell volume was higher in fillies of group A, creatinine was higher in colts of group E and fillies of groups B, C, and D had higher aldosterone than colts. In comparison to Spanish adult horses, mean cell volume, albumin, urea, CK, AST, LDH, and ALP requires specific ranges for foals.  相似文献   

20.
Automated and semiautomated assays were developed and validated for the determination of equine alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes including intestinal (IALP), bone (BALP), and liver (LALP). The addition of levamisole selectively inhibited more than 97%of LALP while inhibiting only 55% of IALP. Because these percentages were highly reproducible in an automated system, the IALP activity could be calculated in a sample. Bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme was selectively precipitated by adding an equal volume of wheat germ agglutinin (5 mg/mL), incubating for 30 minutes at 37C, and centrifugating. The LALP activity was determined from the supernatant fluid and BALP activity was calculated by subtraction from total ALP activity. The within-run coefficient of variation for determination of BALP activity was 4.7%.These assays were used to identify and quantify the isoenzymes present in pony foal sera through the first 21 days of life, in horse foal sera before colostrum ingestion and during the first 21 days of life, and in adult horse and pony sera. Intestinal ALP activity was not found in sera of any of the foals or adult ponies or horses. A majority of serum ALP activity of newborn foals is of bone origin (80 to 92%)which decreases markedly over the first 21 days. In adults, only 17.9% (51.2 ± 18.1 U/L) of serum ALP is derived from bone. The absolute LALP activity in foal serum is similar to that in adults.  相似文献   

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