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《饲料研究》2014,(3)
采用Y2O3作为外源指示剂,以70%基础饲料和30%待测饲料原料配制试验饲料,测定初始体质量为(23.30±0.32)g的花鲈对鱼粉(FM)、豆粕(SBM)、花生粕(PNM)、棉粕(CSM)、菜籽粕(RSM)和玉米DDGS干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总能、磷和氨基酸的表观消化率。结果表明,花鲈对6种饲料原料干物质的表观消化率在33.85%~75.08%,其中PNM、CSM、RSM和DDGS与FM相比分别显著降低(P0.05)。对粗蛋白的表观消化率为88.10%~94.55%,其中FM显著高于CSM(P0.05)。对粗脂肪的表观消化率超过75%,CSM与FM相比显著降低(P0.05),SBM和DDGS显著低于其他各种饲料原料(P0.05)。对磷的表观消化率为29.03%~87.39%,其中SBM显著高于其他各饲料原料(P0.05)。花鲈对FM总能的表观消化率显著高于其他各饲料原料(P0.05),对CSM总能的表观消化率与其他原料相比显著降低(P0.05)。花鲈对氨基酸的表观消化率范围为47.27%~98.90%,其中对SBM和PNM氨基酸的表观消化率与FM最为接近。结果表明,花鲈对PNM和SBM的干物质、粗蛋白、磷、总能和氨基酸的表观消化率与FM比较接近,可以作为饲料中替代FM的植物蛋白源。 相似文献
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试验采用离体消化法研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)对糖蜜酵母、血球蛋白粉、鱼粉和肉骨粉的消化能力。草鱼对4种高蛋白饲料原料干物质的离体消化率为血球蛋白粉(36.80%)>糖蜜酵母(31.14%)>鱼粉(26.10%)>肉骨粉(9.40%);对4种高蛋白饲料原料蛋白质的离体消化率为糖蜜酵母(56.12%)>血球蛋白粉(43.63%)>肉骨粉(30.38%)>鱼粉(26.62%);氨基酸生成量为糖蜜酵母的水溶氨基酸生成率明显高于其它3种,差异极显著,鱼粉的水溶氨基酸生成量略高于血球蛋白粉和肉骨粉,但差异不显著。试验结果表明,在水产饲料中这4种高蛋白饲料原料部分替代鱼粉是可行的。 相似文献
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加州鲈常用饲料原料的可利用氨基酸研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本试验用Cr2O3 间接测定法测定了加州鲈对秘鲁鱼粉、国产鱼粉、豆粕、麦麸、次粉、酵母粉等6种常用饲料中蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率。结果表明 ,加州鲈对这6种原料的蛋白质消化率和总氨基酸消化率分别为 :86.09 %和90.12 %、84.12和90.00 %、76.86 %和82.85 %、61.22 %和75.45 %、67.49 %和76.27 %、72.29和81.30 %。动物性原料的消化率均高于植物性原料。经分析 ,蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率与原料中的粗纤维含量呈负的直线相关系(蛋白质消化率与粗纤维含量rp = -0.9488,P<0.01;氨基酸消化率与粗纤维含量rA = -0.9133,P<0.05)。 相似文献
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青鱼对8种饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)对国产鱼粉、蝇蛆粉、玉米蛋白粉、大豆粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和米糠8种饲料原料干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、总磷和总能的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测饲料原料组成,并以0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。选取平均体重为(60.17±1.28)g的青鱼270尾,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验组试验鱼分别饲喂1种试验饲料。饲喂1周后采用自排法收集粪便待测。结果表明:8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总磷、总能以及总氨基酸的表观消化率的范围分别是62.17%～86.47%、83.34%～95.84%、78.93%～100.06%、37.33%～81.99%、66.75%～89.86%、86.33%～96.58%。在8种饲料原料中,玉米蛋白粉的干物质、总磷和总能的表观消化率最高,而大豆粕的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总氨基酸的表观消化率最高;棉籽粕的干物质和总能的表观消化率最低,米糠的粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率最低。各饲料原料中总氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白质表观消化率的变化趋势一致,其中以蝇蛆粉最低。由此可见,大豆粕和玉米蛋白粉是青鱼的优质植物蛋白质源,可适量替代鱼粉;蝇蛆粉中粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率都较低,在青鱼饲料中的添加量不宜过高;花生粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕也是较好的植物性蛋白质源,在青鱼饲料中适量添加既有利于饲料的营养平衡,还可降低饲料成本;米糠作为青鱼的能量原料必须保持新鲜,并控制其在饲料中的用量。 相似文献
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吉富罗非鱼幼鱼对10种饲料原料表观消化率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验以0.5%的三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)为指示剂研究吉富罗非鱼幼鱼对10种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、磷、总能和氨基酸的表观消化率.10种饲料原料分别为玉米蛋白粉、玉米柠檬酸渣、玉米胚芽粕、普通豆粕、发酵豆粕、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、麦芽根、鱼粉和蚯蚓粉,试验日粮由70%的基础饲料和30%的试验饲料原料组成.选用初体重为(7.05±0.09)g的吉富罗非鱼苗495尾,随机分为11组,每组3重复,每个重复15尾鱼,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂1种试验日粮,收集的粪便样品待测.结果表明:10种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、磷、总能和氨基酸的表观消化率范围分别为41.7%～98.9%、90.6%～99.6%、73.1%～98.8%、49.5%～99.6%、45.4%～99.7%和83.3%～100%.在10种饲料原料中,鱼粉、蚯蚓粉和大豆分离蛋白的干物质、粗蛋白质、总能表观消化率较高;玉米柠檬酸渣和蚯蚓粉的粗脂肪表观消化率较高;玉米胚芽粕和蚯蚓粉的磷表观消化率较高.蚯蚓粉的总能表观消化率最高,麦芽根的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能表观消化率最低,大豆浓缩蛋白的磷的表观消化率最低.各原料氨基酸表观消化率的变化趋势与蛋白质表观消化率的趋势一致.由此可知,大豆分离蛋白、蚯蚓粉可视为鱼粉的优良动植物替代物,大豆浓缩蛋白、普通豆粕和发酵豆粕的营养价值略低于大豆分离蛋白、蚯蚓粉和鱼粉,麦芽根的营养价值最低. 相似文献
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酵母水解物对加州鲈幼鱼生长性能及免疫酶指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《饲料工业》2016,(14)
试验旨在研究酵母水解物对加州鲈幼鱼生长性能和免疫能力的影响。选用初始均质量(3.92±0.15)g的加州鲈540尾,随机分成6个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾试验鱼,分别投喂添加0、0.5%、0.9%、1.3%、1.7%和2.1%的酵母水解物的6种等氮(蛋白质含量为40.0%)、等脂(7.0%)试验饲料,养殖时间为60 d。结果表明:酵母水解物能提高加州鲈的生长性能。当其添加水平为1.3%时,加州鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)均达到最高(分别为359.54%、2.54%/d和236.97%),酵母水解物添加水平为1.7%时饲料系数(FCR)达到最低(为1.35)。以WGR、SGR、PER、FCR为指标,利用曲线回归分析表明,加州鲈生长性能最佳时酵母水解物的添加水平为1.51%~1.69%;一定范围内的酵母水解物能够改善加州鲈肝脏免疫能力。酵母水解物添加水平为1.3%时,其碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性最高,而添加水平为1.7%时,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性最强,但1.3%~2.1%添加组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。综合考虑加州鲈生长性能和免疫能力,酵母水解物最适添加水平为1.51%~1.69%。 相似文献
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不同透析袋对仿生消化法评定猪饲料原料干物质和磷体外消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究不同截留分子质量及来源的透析袋对仿生消化法评定猪饲料原料干物质和磷体外消化率的影响,为猪饲料磷生物学效价评定的仿生消化法操作规程的设计提供参考.试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选用美国Viskase(R)截留分子质量分别为14 000、7 000、3 500 u以及美国光谱医学截留分子质量分别为3 500、1 000 u的5种透析袋,评定玉米、豆粕、麦麸的干物质和磷的体外消化率.结果表明:1)随着截留分子质量的缩小,使用美国Viskase(R)透析袋测得饲料干物质及磷消化率呈现下降的趋势.截留分子质量为14 000 u的透析袋测得的玉米和麦麸干物质消化率显著高于截留分子质量为7 000和3 500 u的透析袋(P＜0.05);截留分子质量为3 500 u的透析袋测得的玉米、豆粕、麦麸的磷消化率最低(P＜0.05),分别为55.46％、55.53％和75.66％.2)在本试验条件下,不同截留分子质量的美国光谱医学透析袋测得的饲料原料干物质和磷消化率存在差异,但最大仅分别相差3.35％和1.67％.3)截留分子质量为3 500 u的美国光谱医学透析袋测得的饲料原料干物质和磷消化率均显著高于截留分子质量为3 500 u的美国Viskase(R)透析袋(P＜0.05),而与截留分子质量为14 000 u的美国Viskase(R)透析袋测定结果接近.从本试验结果可知,使用美国Viskase(R)截留分子质量为14 000 u的透析袋更适宜于仿生消化法测定饲料原料的干物质消化率,而截留分子质量为3 500 u的透析袋较适宜测定饲料原料的磷消化率. 相似文献
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铜鱼肠道、肝胰脏对四种蛋白质饲料的离体消化率测定 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
采用体外消化法研究了铜鱼(Coreiusheterodon)对鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕和棉粕4种饲料蛋白质的离体消化能力。试验结果表明:①铜鱼对鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕和棉粕的干物质离体总消化率为菜粕50.18%>鱼粉50.13%>豆粕49.11%>棉粕32.90%,而对粗蛋白的离体总消化率为:鱼粉41.92%>豆粕40.88%>菜粕23.68%>棉粕21.39%;②铜鱼对4种饲料原料的干物质和粗蛋白体外消化能力为:中肠>肝胰脏>前肠>后肠。 相似文献
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7种饲料原料粉碎粒度与蛋白质体外消化率及能耗的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
选择 7种饲料原料 (玉米、麸皮、去皮豆粕、带皮豆粕、普通豆粕、棉粕、菜粕 ) ,用小型锤片粉碎机在 5种孔径(4 .0、2 .5、1.5、1.0、0 .6mm)的筛片下进行粉碎 ,测定粉碎物的对数几何平均粒度和粉碎电耗 ,并用胃蛋白酶 -胰蛋白酶两步体外消化法测定不同粉碎物的蛋白质的胃蛋白酶消化率和两种酶的连续消化率。结果表明 :(1) 7种饲料原料粉碎物的对数几何平均粒度与粉碎机筛片孔径线性相关 ,但也与饲料原料的原始粒度有关 ;(2 )粉碎能耗与粉碎物对数几何平均粒度主要呈二次曲线关系 ,当原料粉碎通过 1mm及以下筛孔时 ,电耗急剧上升 ;(3)粉碎物的胃蛋白酶体外消化率和总酶消化率与粉碎物的几何平均粒度显著线性负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。说明粉碎能有效提高饲料蛋白质的消化率。其中 ,去皮豆粕具有最高的蛋白质体外消化率。 相似文献
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自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清酶水平的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验旨在研究自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉(M)对仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清酶水平的影响.选用28日龄平均体重(9.59±0.79)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪15头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头仔猪.对照组饲喂基础日粮,50% M组和100% M组分别用自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代基础日粮中50%和100%优质的玉米及玉米蛋白粉.预试期7 d,正试期15 d.结果表明:①随着自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代比例的增加,仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)呈线性或二次曲线降低(P <0.05),其中,50% M、100% M组仔猪ADG显著降低,100% M组ADFI显著降低(P <0.05).②随着自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代比例的增加,仔猪日粮总能(GE)、有机物(OM)、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率呈线性或二次曲线降低(P <0.05).③随着自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代比例的增加,血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平呈线性或二次曲线降低(P <0.05),丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平呈线性或二次曲线升高(P <0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平呈先降后升的二次曲线变化(P <0.05).综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲喂自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉可降低仔猪生长性能,降低日粮总能、有机物、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率,影响机体血清酶的正常水平. 相似文献
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嗜热毛壳菌纤维复合酶对饲料中蛋白质和能量代谢率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究选用42日龄的健康AA肉鸡36羽,随机分成12组,采用排空强饲法研究了嗜热毛壳菌纤维复合酶对6种肉鸡常用饲料中粗蛋白质和能量代谢率的影响。试验选择肉鸡常用的3种蛋白质饲料(棉粕、豆粕和花生粕)和3种能量饲料(玉米、小麦和次粉),每种饲料分成2组,即对照组和加酶组。试验结果表明:嗜热毛壳菌纤维复合酶能显著提高棉粕和小麦中粗蛋白质的表观代谢率(P<0.05),对豆粕、花生粕、玉米和次粉中粗蛋白质的表观代谢率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);能使小麦的表观代谢能提高7.52%(P<0.05),玉米和次粉的表观代谢能分别提高9.06%和10.93%(P<0.01)。使棉粕的表观代谢能提高5.12%,花生粕提高4.06%,豆粕提高1.91%(P>0.05);可以使玉米和次粉中能量的表观代谢率分别提高9.04%和10.95%,均差异极显著(P<0.01);小麦中能量的表观代谢率提高了7.55%(P<0.05)。对棉粕、花生粕、豆粕等蛋白质饲料中的能量表观代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
13.
N tau-methylhistidine (NMH) concentrations were determined in acid hydrolysates of 12 common feedstuffs for ruminants, and duodenal digesta from steers fed alfalfa haylage and high-moisture corn. For six species of grass hays, NMH concentrations ranged from nondetectable (ND; less than .1 nmol/g dry matter) to .6 nmol/g dry matter. Two legume hays had NMH concentrations of .9 and 2.0 nmol/g dry matter, respectively. For corn silage, high-moisture corn, beet pulp and soybean meal, NMH concentrations were 1.3, 1.1, 1.5 and 2.2 nmol/g dry matter, respectively. Duodenal digesta NMH concentrations ranged from ND to 1.2 nmol/g dry matter. When pure NMH (1 mM) was incubated with rumen fluid in vitro for 8 h, only 14% was degraded while leucine (1 mM) was totally degraded. From the feedstuffs used in this study, results show that exogenous (dietary) NMH is not a concern in skeletal muscle protein turnover studies in cattle using urinary NMH excretion because it can be calculated that potential NMH intake from the preceding feedstuffs would be less than 1% of normal urinary excretion and that ruminal microbes are not a potential source of NMH. NMH was resistant to in vitro ruminal degradation. The in vitro ruminal NMH degradation results suggest that when feedstuffs containing at least 15 nmol/g dry matter are fed (far greater than values observed in this study) a significant proportion of urinary NMH would arise directly from exogenous sources and would invalidate the use of this technique in assessing protein turnover in cattle. 相似文献
14.
Zuzana Ceresnáková A Sommer Mária Chrenková Patrícia Dolesová 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(6):409-418
The crude protein content and amino acid profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, maize gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, soybean meal, fullfat soybean extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of amino acids was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected amino acid profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for maize gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for glutamic acid, histidine, lysine and proline and decreased disappearance for branched-chain amino acids. The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual amino acids were methionine and isoleucine in rapeseed meal, histidine and methionine in rapeseed meal protected and arginine in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest amino acid digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting amino acids. Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of amino acids. 相似文献
15.
Apparent digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in protein feedstuffs by growing pigs 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
D A Knabe D C LaRue E J Gregg G M Martinez T D Tanksley 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(2):441-458
Eight digestion trials were conducted with pigs fitted with ileal T-cannulas to determine the apparent digestibilities of N and amino acids in common protein feedstuffs. Trial-to-trial variation was minimal as determined by the variation in digestibilities for soybean meal, which was evaluated in each trial. Apparent digestibilities varied widely; ileal N digestibility ranged from 88 to 63%, and ileal lysine digestibility ranged from 93 to 40%. In general, ring-dried blood meal, corn gluten meal, Menhaden fish meal, poultry-by-product meal and extruded whole soybeans were the most digestible, followed by canola meal, sunflower meal, peanut meal and meat and bone meal. Cottonseed meal and feather meal were the least digestible. Mean values for each feedstuff agree well with published data. Variation in digestibilities among samples of the same feedstuff was greater for the meat and bone meals. Regression of ileal essential amino acid digestibilities on ileal and fecal N digestibility indicated that amino acid digestibilities can be predicted more precisely from ileal N digestibility than from fecal N digestibility. However, neither ileal nor fecal N digestibility could be used with a high degree of certainty to predict ileal amino acid digestibilities. 相似文献
16.
妊娠母猪中黑麦草粉常规养分的消化率研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑麦草在盛花期刈割,自然风干,营养物质含量为：总能１６．３６ＭＪ／ｋｇ,干物质８９．４３％,粗蛋白质１０．４７％,粗纤维３７．２１％,钙０．３３％,总磷０．２２％,平均必需氨基酸为０．２７％,其中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸含量分别为０．３４％、０．１９％、０．３５％和０．０５％。试验选用４头妊娠母猪。以玉米－豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,分别用黑麦草粉替代１０％、２０％和３０％的基础日粮作为试验日粮。采用４×４拉丁方设计。结果表明０％、１０％、２０％和３０％黑麦草粉组饲料总能的消化率分别为７９．３８％、７４．６９％、６５．１８％和５９．８８％;粗蛋白质消化率分别为７８．９３％、７６．３７％、７２．４３％和６９．１６％;干物质的消化率分别为７７．３０％、７４．５１％、６６．１６０％和６１．６０％。经回归分析得出黑麦草粉总能、粗蛋白质、干物质的消化率依次为１１．５４％、４７．６５％、２２．３０％。黑麦草粉的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和总非必需氨基酸的平均粪表观消化率分别为３７．９８％、３７．７８％和３８．２３％;赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的粪表观消化率为１８．４９％、２５．０８％、１３．９５％、５６．３４％。 相似文献
17.
Therese A. BonomaAmy C. Brogren Kevin H. Kline Kristine M. Doyle BS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008
The effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with distiller's dried grains and solubles in the weanling horse diet were examined. Sixteen weanling horses, 12 fillies and four colts, were fed completely pelleted diets consisting of 50% alfalfa in addition to 50% of a concentrate containing either corn and soybean meal (CS), or 30% of the concentrate replaced with distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the two diets in either average daily gain or gain-to-feed ratio. The CS diet had a higher apparent dry matter digestibility (P < .0001), and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < .01). It was concluded that replacing a portion of the corn and soybean meal with distiller's dried grains with solubles in the weanling horse diet did not lead to significant growth depression. However, the diet containing DDGS had reduced apparent digestibility of dry matter, CP, and fiber. Therefore, it was concluded that it may not be advisable to replace more than 30% of the concentrate portion or 15% of the total diet with distiller's dried grains and solubles when alfalfa is used as the forage source constituting 50% of the weanling diet. Even less DDGS may be desirable to substitute for corn and soybean meal in weanling horse diets if the forage source is one with lower protein quality than alfalfa. It is possible that using DDGS for less than 30% of the concentrate portion of the diet along with high-quality alfalfa forage may produce comparable gain and feed efficiency results with less depression of apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and fiber. 相似文献
18.
Effects of niacin or niacinamide in diets containing either soybean meal, raw whole soybeans or whole soybeans extruded at 132 and 149 C on ruminal bacterial fermentation were examined with a dual-flow continuous culture system. In Exp. 1, soybean sources each provided 50% of total crude protein in diets comprised of 52% concentrate mix, 36% corn silage and 12% alfalfa hay (dry-matter basis). Each diet was supplemented with 0 or 100 mg/kg niacin. Niacin supplementation increased (P less than .05) total nonstructural carbohydrate digestibility and lowered (P less than .05) butyrate concentration. There was also an increase (P less than .10) in amino acid effluent flow from 8,413.3 to 8,665.3 mg/d with addition of niacin to the diet. In Exp. 2, diets were supplemented with 0 or 100 mg/kg of niacin or niacinamide. The total mixed diet was comprised of 60% concentrate mix, 20% corn silage and 20% alfalfa hay (dry matter basis). Acid detergent fiber and cellulose digestibilities and total amino acid effluent flow were higher (P less than .10) with niacinamide supplementation. Niacin or niacinamide had no effect on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, ammonia-N, total VFA concentration or crude protein degradation. Contrary to results found in other studies, niacin or niacinamide supplementation had no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. 相似文献