共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 763 毫秒
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霉菌毒素对奶牛的影响及酵母细胞壁脱霉应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1霉菌毒素的中毒机制奶牛饲料中粗饲料占主要比例,而粗饲料在收获和制作的过程中易造成霉菌毒素的产生,与单胃动物相比,奶牛受霉菌毒素的危害更大。奶牛瘤胃微生物对霉菌毒素有一定的降解作用。另外,由于只有瘤胃原虫能降解霉菌毒素,而奶牛由于精料的 相似文献
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霉菌毒素严重威胁着畜禽和人类的安全,并在畜禽饲料和人类食品中普遍存在。为了更系统地了解饲料中霉菌毒素的微生物脱毒机制,文章着重对近几年国内外微生物脱毒技术的研究现状进行综述,旨在希望人们对微生物脱毒技术的作用机制有更进一步的认识,并为实现绿色环保的畜产品生产提供参考。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素吸附剂的选择和应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1霉菌毒素吸附剂的历史演进
发达国家在20世纪70年代开始重视霉菌毒素对畜禽产业的危害,注重黄曲霉毒素,也包括其它霉菌毒素.经过20多年时间,尝试了多种去毒的方法,包括发酵法脱毒法、微生物失活霉菌毒素法、物理脱毒法、热失活法、放射性去毒法、氨化灭活法、吸附脱毒法等.最后总结为对饲料原料中已经存在的霉菌毒素处理的方法为:无机物理吸附去毒法是最经济、最有效、最具有现实意义的方法.…… 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨霉菌毒素吸附剂对西门塔尔育肥牛瘤胃发酵指标及微生物区系的影响。选择健康、体况良好、平均体重为365.64 kg的西门塔尔育肥牛32头,随机分为2组,每组16个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组牛饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中添加0.2 g/kg霉菌毒素吸附剂。预试期7 d,正式试验期193 d,霉菌毒素吸附剂在晨饲时投喂。结果显示,与对照组相比,处理组西门塔尔育肥牛瘤胃菌体蛋白(MCP)含量显著提高(P<0.05),瘤胃的Simpson指数具有升高的趋势(P>0.05),棒状菌门的丰度具有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。研究表明,添加0.2 g/kg霉菌毒素吸附剂具有促进西门塔尔育肥牛瘤胃微生物对氮的利用、丰富微生物区系的物种多样性和降低棒状菌门相对丰度的趋势。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素污染的饲料脱毒方法ＳｉｇｒｉｄＰａｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ著郑麦青摘译文杰校据估计，每年全世界有２５％的粮食作物受到霉菌毒素的污染。毒性很高的霉菌毒素是真菌或霉菌生长繁殖的产物。杀死这些微生物可以阻止霉菌毒素的产生，但是不能清除饲料中已经存在的霉菌毒素... 相似文献
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Mycotoxins are structurally diverse fungal metabolites that can contaminate a variety of dietary components consumed by animals and humans. It is considered that 25% of the world crop production is contaminated by mycotoxins. The clinical toxicological syndromes caused by ingestion of moderate to high amounts of mycotoxins and their effect on the immune system have been well characterized. However, no particular attention has been focused on the effects of mycotoxins on the local intestinal immune response. Because of their location, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) could be exposed to high doses of mycotoxins. As a component of the innate local immune response, intestinal epithelial cells have developed a variety of mechanisms which act to reduce the risk of infection by microorganisms or intoxication by toxic compounds. This review summarises the innate immune response developed by intestinal epithelial cells and reports the literature concerning the effects of mycotoxins on them. Particularly, the effects of mycotoxins on the maintenance of a physical barrier by epithelial cells will be discussed together with their effect on extrinsic protective components of the innate intestinal immunity: mucus secretion, antimicrobial peptide generation, IgA and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. 相似文献
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Moreno-López J 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2002,5(2):123-125
Outbreaks of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and food borne microbial infections, dioxin contaminated animal products, the presence of veterinary drug residues, microbial resistance to antibiotics, mycotoxins, agricultural and industrial chemicals, etc. are serious concerns for the food industry in many countries. Since the direct links between feed safety and safety of foods of animal origin are obvious, feed production and manufacture should be considered as an integral part of the food production chain. Industry is responsible for the quality and safety of food and feed that is produced. This paper is a brief review of some microorganisms as source of infections for farm animals that could result in human illnesses. These include Salmonella enterica, Bacillus anthracis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis, prions, Listeria monocytogenes, EHEC, Campylobacter, Clostridium botulinum, Hog Cholera virus, Foot and Mouth Disease virus, etc. as well as other contaminants associated with animal feed such as mycotoxins, veterinary drugs, dioxins and PCB and Genetically Modified Organisms. 相似文献
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饲料中的霉菌毒素及其防制措施 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
霉菌毒素是由真菌或霉菌产生的次级代谢产物,在动物体中,霉菌毒素的毒性是慢性的,很少引起动物死亡。但是霉菌毒素的存在降低了饲料的营养价值,以及动物的生产性能,从而影响生产力,且霉菌毒素在畜产品(肉、奶等)中的残留会给人类健康带来严重威胁。作者主要介绍了饲料中常见的霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、伏马菌素等),以及其毒性和危害,并从预防与去毒两个方面,阐述了霉菌毒素的防制措施,进而减少霉菌毒素造成的危害。 相似文献
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Fink-Gremmels J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,176(1):84-92
In comparison to monogastric species, ruminant animals are generally considered to be less susceptible to the adverse effects caused by contamination of feeds with mycotoxins. This is based on the assumption that the rumen flora degrade and inactivate mycotoxins, thus protecting the animal. A number of mycotoxins, however, resist rumen degradation, causing distinct clinical signs of intoxication. Moreover, due to their complex diet, dairy cows may be exposed to a varying number of mycotoxins, originating from different feed materials such as roughage and concentrates. Exposure to these complex mixtures of mycotoxins may result in unexpected health risks. Due to a pre-existing negative energy balance, cows in the transition period are considered to be particularly sensitive to the exposure to feeds contaminated with moulds, fungal spores and mycotoxins. 相似文献
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真菌毒素是真菌在食品或饲料中生长所产生的代谢产物,这些低分子质量化合物既是天然存在的,同时也是无法避免的。真菌通过两种途径进入食物链,一方面可以直接从受真菌毒素污染的植物性食品成分进入食物链;另一方面也可以通过食物中产毒真菌生长的间接污染进入食物链。真菌毒素广泛存在于成熟的玉米、谷物、大豆、高粱、花生和饲料作物中。食用受真菌毒素污染的食物或饲料会对人和动物造成急性或慢性毒性。真菌毒素除了有直接食用受霉菌毒素污染的食物和饲料造成的不良影响外,还有因为摄入动物源性食品,如肉类、牛奶或鸡蛋,含有真菌毒素的残留物或代谢物而引起的公众健康问题。目前虽然已经鉴定出超过400种真菌毒素,但食物中广泛存在的6种毒素：黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素、呕吐毒素及T-2毒素,已在世界范围内引发了持续的食品安全问题。该论文总结了6种真菌毒素的毒性,重点分析了近年来电化学生物传感器在这几种真菌毒素检测中的研究进展,旨在通过一系列的总结分析去展望其在真菌毒素检测方面的发展前景。 相似文献