共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
Neil A. McEwan Christophe A. Rème† Hugo Gatto† Timothy J. Nuttall 《Veterinary dermatology》2008,19(4):221-225
The effect of d -galactose, d -mannose, l -rhamnose and dextrose on the adhesion to canine corneocytes by three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in six healthy dogs. Canine corneocytes were collected from the inner aspect of the pinna using adhesive discs (D-Squame®). Half millimetre of bacterial suspension in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with or without the addition of a monosaccharide was placed over the corneocyte layer and incubated in moist chambers. Image analysis was used to quantify bacterial adherence to corneocytes. The three strains of Pseudomonas adhered well to canine corneocytes. All monosaccharides tested inhibited the adherence of Pseudomonas to canine corneocytes. The mean reduction in adhesion for individual sugars at a concentration of 0.1% was 40.2% (dextrose), 30.8% ( l -rhamnose), 25.6% ( d -galactose) and 19.4% ( d -mannose). When d -galactose, d -mannose and l -rhamnose were used in combination at 0.1% concentration, the mean reduction in adherence was 52.9%. The monosaccharides studied may have a potential role in the management of Pseudomonas infections in dogs. 相似文献
2.
A lavage procedure was used to study the kinetics of alimentary fluid IgA concentration in 15 specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens for 8 weeks post-hatch. Lavage solution was administered orally and collected from the distal alimentary tract following an intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine. Concentrations of IgA, quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were more than 0.04 mg/ml by 3 weeks and were negligible before this age. This level gradually increased over the next 5 weeks, peaking at nearly 0.4 mg/ml at 8 weeks of age. Alimentary lavage was easy to perform, required no necropsy or surgical manipulation, and facilitated repeated collection of alimentary fluid from live birds. Repeated lavage did not alter concentrations of IgA and IgG in alimentary fluid, and concentrations of IgA and IgG in alimentary fluid were stable during incubation at 37 C for 24-48 hr. 相似文献
3.
本实验采用免疫组织化学方法及酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对鸡新城疫弱毒活苗消化道直接免疫后,对其免疫机制和免疫效果进行了研究。 7日龄前,雏鸡肠道无免疫球蛋白G阳性细胞出现。7日龄后出现并缓慢上升,第二次免疫(嗉囊免疫、饮水免疫)后增长明显,出现峰值。免疫组与对照组差异显著,表明雏鸡胃肠道具有保持产生局部抗体的功能,并且血清IgG抗体效价的消长与之呈现相关免疫状态。胃肠道T淋巴细胞在第一次免疫(嗉囊免疫、饮水免疫)后10天和二免后5～10天出现峰值,然后下降并稳定在一定水平,证明细胞免疫参与鸡新城疫消化道免疫。 相似文献
4.
Prevention of the growth of Salmonella infantis in chicks by the flora of the alimentary tract of chickens 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The effect on the growth of Salmonella infantis in the caeca of chicks pre‐treated with either the cultured flora of the alimentary tract of an adult chicken, horse faeces or bovine rumen fluid was studied. Forty 2‐d‐old chicks were inoculated orally with S. infantis. Pre‐treatment with the cultured flora of the alimentary tract of an adult chicken as well as fluids from the alimentary tract prevented the colonisation of the caeca by S. infantis. The numbers of salmonella isolated from the caeca of all chicks with no pre‐treatment were more than 107 per g. Bovine rumen fluid and horse faeces were ineffective in preventing the caeca of chicks being colonised by S. infantis. 相似文献
5.
1. Alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1], acid phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.2], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT, EC 2.6.1.1] and alanine aminotransferase [ALAT, EC 2.6.1.2] were measured in mucosal homogenates of different segments of the alimentary tract of White Rock cockerels. 2. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases were higher in the duodenum, jejenum and caecum than the anterior segments of the alimentary tract. 3. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was higher in the oesophagus and crop than in the caudal segments of the alimentary tract. Alanine aminotransferase activity did not show any specific pattern. 4. The increased phosphatase activities in the caudal alimentary tract indicates their involvement in the nutrient transport across the mucosa. Aminotransferases were probably involved in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins in the anterior alimentary tract. 相似文献
6.
W M Boyce L W Woods M K Keel N J MacLachlan C O Porter H D Lehmkuhl 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2000,31(3):370-373
Ten fawns and four adult black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in a captive herd died as a result of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic disease. Acute, systemic infections were characterized by hemorrhagic enteropathy, pulmonary edema, and occasional ulceration of the upper alimentary tract. Localized infections were limited to the upper alimentary tract and included stomatitis, pharyngitis, mandibular osteomyelitis, and rumenitis. In deer with acute, systemic infections, a diagnosis was made by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The serum neutralization test was useful for confirming a diagnosis in animals with prolonged, localized infections. Deer originating from herds with a history of adenovirus infection should not be transferred to other captive herds or released into free-ranging populations because they may serve as carriers of adenovirus. 相似文献
7.
The experiment was performed on the group of 8 kittens aged from 7 to 9 weeks. The aim of the studies was to establish the reasons for alimentary tract disorders and lower gains of body weight occurring in these animals. The cats were fed with commercial dry diet. Morphological and biochemical blood tests were carried out in the animals at the onset of the experiment. The tests were re-performed at the end of the studies, together with bacteriological and mycological cultures of faeces, hygienic litter and internal organs of dead cats. The feed samples underwent microbiological and toxicological analyses. An increase in leukocyte count was recorded on morphological blood inspection while the biochemical tests revealed the rise of AIAT and amylase activities and urea concentration. The moulds of Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus were isolated on quality feed assessment. Toxicological analyses of feed performed by means of thin layer chromatography revealed zearalenone within the samples. Technology of dry diet production may not be efficient enough to protect the feed against contamination and subsequent growth of moulds. Consumption of Aspergillus-contaminated feed may result in growth inhibition and alimentary tract disorders, including the fatal ones. 相似文献
8.
The H5N1 type A influenza viruses classified as Qinghai-like virus (clade 2.2) are a unique lineage of type A influenza viruses with the capacity to produce significant disease and mortality in gallinaceous and anseriform birds, including domestic and wild ducks. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis of chickens and domestic ducks to A/Whooper Swan/Mongolia/224/05 (H5N1) high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus when administered through respiratory or alimentary routes of exposure. The chickens and ducks were more susceptible to the H5N1 HPAI virus, as evidenced by low infectious and lethal viral doses, when exposed by intranasal as compared to alimentary routes of inoculation (intragastric or oral-fed infected chicken meat). In the alimentary exposure pathogenesis study, pathologic changes included hemorrhage, necrosis, and inflammation in association with virus detection. These changes were generally observed in most of the visceral organs of chickens, between 2 and 4 days postinoculation (DPI), and are similar to lesions and virus localization seen in birds in natural cases or in experimental studies using the intranasal route. Alimentary exposure to the virus caused systemic infection in the ducks, characterized by moderate lymphocytic encephalitis, necrotized hepatitis, and pancreatitis with a corresponding demonstration of virus within the lesions. In both chickens and ducks with alimentary exposure, lesions, virus, or both were first demonstrated in the upper alimentary tract on 1 DPI, suggesting that the alimentary tract was the initial site affected upon consumption of infected meat or on gavage of virus in liquid medium. However, as demonstrated in the infectivity study in chickens, alimentary infection required higher exposure doses to produce infection as compared to intranasal exposure in chickens. These data suggest that upper respiratory exposure to H5N1 HPAI virus in birds is more likely to result in virus infection and transmission than will consumption of infected meat, unless the latter contains high doses of virus, as found in cannibalized infected carcasses. 相似文献
9.
An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, Bombina orientalis 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Ku SK Lee HS Lee JH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(6):589-594
The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells was studied immunohistochemically (PAP method) in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, Bombina orientalis, using antisera against serotonin, somatostatin, chromogranin (CG), cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, bombesin, secretin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Eight kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. These immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric glands of the stomach regions and in the intestinal or esophageal epithelium with variable frequencies. They were spherical or spindle-shaped. Serotonin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the whole alimentary tract including esophagus. CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the stomach. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were observed from the antrum to the ileum. Bombesin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the stomach. Secretin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the antrum and duodenum. PP-immunoreactive cells were detected from the antrum to the rectum. In conclusion, throughout the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, the different regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells were demonstrated. The regional distributions and relative frequencies of the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog were resembled to those of the other anuran species except for esophagus. 相似文献
10.
11.
Sheep were subject to an experiment concerning the effect of treated beech sawdust and thickened aqueous hydrolyzate of beech wood (xylocel) on the digestibility of glycides and on the level of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen content. The results prove that the use of treated beech sawdust as a replacer for ground barley straw favourably influenced the digestibility of monosaccharides, cellulose, lignin and total dry matter of the diet. Sawdust reduced the concentration of total VFA in the rumen content but the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (A:P) was lower and the energetic efficiency of the VFA produced was higher in the diet containing sawdust. The addition of urea to the diet with beech sawdust conditioned less effectively, as distinct from the case mentioned above, did not give a clear effect. Urea encouraged the digestibility of pentosanes, glucose and cellulose, but reduced the energetic efficiency of the VFA produced. Xylocel had no clear effect on the digestibility of sugars either. The higher A:P ratio and the lower energetic efficiency of the VFA produced testify to the fact that xylocel in combination with beet molasses was not a sufficient replacer of sugar-beet glycides. 相似文献
12.
Y Chihaya Y Furusawa H Okada K Matsukawa Y Matsui 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(6):1051-1058
Systemic mycoses were found in 19 (4.7%) of 406 calves less than 6 months old which were autopsied during the past 10 years. Alimentary mycosis occurred in 12 (63.2%) of 19 cases. In alimentary mycosis, mucormycosis showed the highest rate of occurrence (91.7%, 11/12 calves) followed by aspergillosis 41.7% and candidiasis was 9.3%. Mucormycosis and aspergillosis were characterized by focal hemorrhagic necroses with hyphal proliferation and thrombi in the mucosa and muscular layers of the forestomach, abomasum, and small intestine. Candidiasis was characterized by hyperkeratosis with pseudohyphae and microconidia in the mucosa of the omasum. Four of 12 calves (33.3%) had mixed infections of the alimentary tract consisting of Mucorales and Aspergillus species. Pulmonary aspergillosis was found in 10 (52.6%) of 19 calves. There were micro-abscesses with hyphal proliferation or asteroid bodies in the lungs. Infections involving both the alimentary tract and respiratory organs were noted in 3 (10.5%) of 19 calves. Disseminated mycosis was found only in one calf. In alimentary mycosis, administration of antibiotics for the treatment of diarrhea and early weaning were thought to be an important predisposing factor. 相似文献
13.
Rob L Coke Michael M Garner Gary D West John P Hoover Brian Murphy 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(3):401-404
A 16-yr-old, female, captive-bred bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) estimated to be 75 kg, was presented with a 1-mo history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss. A cause for the deteriorating condition was not found antemortem, and the bontebok was humanely euthanatized when it failed to respond to empirical therapy. On necropsy, numerous nodules were present on the pleural surfaces and within the lung parenchyma, the pancreas appeared inflamed and fibrotic. Histologic examination revealed lymphoma in the mesenteric lymph nodes, alimentary tract, reproductive tract, and liver. In the small and large intestine, rumen, esophagus, bile duct, and vagina, the neoplastic cells had a tropism for epithelium. The neoplastic cells within the epithelium and subepithelium of the alimentary tract stained positively for CD3, consistent with T cell differentiation. 相似文献
14.
为探讨犬消化道 Ｘ 线造影检查的最佳途径，以及造影影像与胃肠部分生理功能之间的关系，按照自身循环对照设计法，对 ５ 只本地杂交犬进行了消化道 Ｘ 线造影检查。在试验中进行了不同辅助方法及条件下全消化道常规造影、胃气钡双重造影、全消化道快速造影、结肠钡灌肠常规造影及结肠气钡双重造影。用双盲法进行读片。结果，消化道常规造影检查与其他各项消化道特殊造影检查各具优缺点；一次性注入钡剂进行全消化道常规造影检查、低张造影检查、气钡双重造影检查具有良好的可行性。 相似文献
15.
Sandeep K. Sharma MVSc Ambika P. Singh MVSc PhD Rishi Tayal MVSc Inder S. Chandna MVSc PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1984,25(1):17-22
Contrast radiography of the alimentary canal was conducted in six adult sheep with barium sulfate (70% W/V, 25–30 ml/kg). A period of 12 hours was adequate for opacification of most parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of contrast medium in different parts of the alimentary canal was noted for as long as 60 hours. The right lateral view was adequate for visualization of most structures, but the typical laminar mucosal pattern of the omasum and the spiral mucosal folds of the abomasum were demonstrated better on the ventrodorsal view. 相似文献
16.
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of level of intake and proportion of forage in the diet on site and extent of digestion of plant cell wall monomeric components (phenolics, neutral sugars) by sheep. Four Suffolk wethers (65 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed diets containing 75% (75A) or 25% (25A) alfalfa hay at two levels of intake, 1,700 (high intake, HI) or 1,100 (low intake, LI) g DM/d in a 4 X 4 latin-square design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The remainder of the diet consisted primarily of ground corn. Wethers had lower (P less than .05) total tract NDF and ADF digestibilities when fed 75A or at HI. An intake X forage level interaction (P less than .05) was noted for non-core lignin ferulic acid (FA) total tract disappearance, with wethers at LI having the highest, 25A-HI having the lowest, and 75A-HI having an intermediate FA disappearance. Wethers fed at LI had higher (P less than .05) total tract disappearance of non-core lignin p-coumaric acid (PCA). Wethers fed 75A had greater (P less than .05) total tract disappearances of core lignin vanillic acid (VA) and vanillin (VAN). Total tract digestibilities of the neutral monosaccharides glucose (GLC), xylose (XYL), arabinose (ARA) and galactose (GAL) were greater (P less than .05) for LI vs HI treatments. Wethers consuming 75A had greater (P less than .05) total tract ARA and GAL digestibilities, whereas wethers fed 25A had greater (P less than .05) total tract digestibilities of GLC and mannose (MAN). Diet composition and level of intake appear to influence site and extent of digestion of cell wall monomeric components. 相似文献
17.
Vitari F Di Giancamillo A Deponti D Carollo V Domeneghini C 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):71-80
Ghrelin is involved in many biological processes, ranging from appetite regulation and the release of growth hormone to the
regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion processes. Ghrelin expression is not homogenously distributed throughout
the gastrointestinal tract; expression is species-specific and can also depend on the animal age. This study was performed
to investigate ghrelin immunolocalization in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs at different ages: 1 day (birth), 28 days
(weaning), 2 months, 4 months, and 7 months (pre-puberty). Tissue samples were collected along the entire gastrointestinal
tract and were examined by immunohistochemistry and double-immunofluorescence. Histometry was performed by counting the number
of endocrine ghrelin immunopositive cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Ghrelin was found to be present along the swine
alimentary canal from the stomach to the caecum. In all regions of the alimentary canal of the animals studied, ghrelin-immunoreactive
(IR) cells co-localized with chromogranin-A and were therefore identified as endocrine cells. In the gastric fundus, ghrelin-immunoreactivity
was partially detected in co-localization with H-K-adenosine triphosphatase and pepsinogen. Ghrelin-IR endocrine cells were
abundant in the oxyntic mucosa but less present in the small intestine and rare in the large intestine. The cell density of
the ghrelin-IR endocrine cells was lowest in the oxyntic mucosa of 1-day-old pigs. We can conclude that gastric ghrelin expression
is not related merely to age but could also potentially be influenced by food intake. 相似文献
18.
Yokoo Y Miyata H Udayanga KG Qi WM Takahara E Yokoyama T Kawano J Hoshi N Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):217-225
To clarify the fundamental regulation mechanism against indigenous bacterial proliferation in the alimentary tract, we immunohistochemically examined the localization of 4 bactericidal peptides (BP) in the rat digestive exocrine glands. In the upper alimentary tract, lysozyme was detected in the gustatory, extraorbital lacrimal and parotid glands. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) was detected in the extraorbital lacrimal glands. β-defensin1 was detected in the gustatory and extraorbital lacrimal glands. β-defensin2 was detected in the Harderian glands. In the stomach, β-defensins were detected in the gastric superficial epithelial cells. In the small and large intestines, only lysozyme and sPLA2 were detected in the Paneth cells. In the cecum, all 4 BP were detected in the middle to apical portions of the crypts, and only sPLA2 was detected in the basal portion. No BP were localized in other exocrine glands associated with the alimentary tract. In addition, all 4 BP were also detected in the columnar epithelial cells of the apical portions of intestinal villi. In the intestinal superficial epithelial cells, lysozyme and β-defensins were detected in the ascending colon, whereas only β-defensin1 was detected in the descending colon and rectum. These results suggest that BP are mainly secreted from exocrine tissues in the initial portion of the digestive tract and play a role in host defense against indigenous bacteria throughout the digestive tract. Part of the BP in the chyme might be absorbed by the epithelium at the most inner sites of mucosae in the small and large intestines. 相似文献
19.
A technique has been developed that uses the parasympathomimetic drug pilocarpine to induce alimentary secretions in chickens for measuring local immune responses to Salmonella enteritidis strain SE6. A study was conducted to determine if these secretions could also be used to detect intestinal SE6 shedding. White leghorn chickens infected with 1 x 10(9) SE6 were samples weekly using cloacal swabs, and the isolation rates from these samples were compared with alimentary secretions induced by oral administration of phosphate-buffered saline followed 45 minutes later with an intraperitoneal injection of 5% pilocarpine. At 9 days postinfection, isolation rates from the alimentary secretions were significantly higher than isolation rates from the swabs, and by day 16 they were double those from the swabs. In separate small experiments, alimentary secretions induced by pilocarpine alone also had significantly more SE6 isolations than did cloacal swabs on two of three sampling times examined. Direct culture of feces resulted in numerically but not significantly greater SE6 isolations than did cloacal swabs on two of three sampling times. These results indicate that induced intestinal material is a better sample source than cloacal swabs for detecting S. enteritidis intestinal infections in chickens and could have many applications in intestinal pathogenesis research. 相似文献
20.
Adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of pathogenic Escherichia coli to chicken tracheal epithelium 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Specific adherence of pathogenic Escherichia coli (serotypes O1, O2, and O78) to chicken tracheal epithelium was investigated using adherence-inhibition procedures. The role of pilus as adhesin was studied by blocking the pilus with antipilus antibodies. The nature of the host cell receptor was determined by blocking bacterial adhesion with specific carbohydrates or lectins and destroying the receptor with sodium metaperiodate. Antipilus antibodies to all three serotypes significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) inhibited their adherence. Sodium metaperiodate considerably inhibited the adhesion of all three serotypes, indicating a role for monosaccharides in the host cell receptor. D-Mannose and its derivative methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside inhibited the adhesion of serotypes O1 and O78, indicating a role for these sugars in the host cell receptor; this was further supported by the inhibition of both serotypes after treatment of tracheal epithelium with concanavalin A. None of the sugars or lectins used inhibited adhesion of serotype O2. 相似文献