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1.
The in vitro sensitivity of 34 isolates of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from red deer (Cervus elaphus) was determined by disc diffusion tests using 15 antimicrobial drugs. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, “septrin” (combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole) streptomycin and tetracycline. Twenty isolates were sensitive to polymyxin B and 14 were resistant. All isolates were resistant to bacitracin, erythromycin, novobiocin and moderately resistant to furazolidone. The responses using sulphafurazole or trimethoprim were difficult to interpret accurately but most isolates were classified as sensitive.  相似文献   

2.
This study characterized the antimicrobial susceptibility of 221 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various species, and 60 canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from 1986 through 2000 at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM). Resistance of S. aureus was most common to penicillin (31%) and tetracycline (14%); resistance of S. pseudintermedius to penicillin was present in 8% and to tetracycline in 34% of isolates. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was only seen among S. pseudintermedius, and there was no resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, cephalothin, amikacin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, or rifampin among any isolate. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found in both S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, highlighting the need for careful interpretation of culture and susceptibility test results. There were significant differences in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline between avian, bovine, equine, and porcine isolates.  相似文献   

3.
Single disc sensitivity tests against 42 strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated from soil, water, sheep, pigs, goats, birds, a horse and a tree kangaroo have shown that a remarkably similar pattern occurs to that obtained in isolates from human cases. Generally, the organisms are sensitive to kanamycin, novobiocin, compound sulphonamides, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline and resistant to ampicillin, bacitracin, cloxacillin, colistin, erythromycin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and vancomycin. Sensitivity to neomycin was variable.  相似文献   

4.
为调查上海地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,采集上海地区乳房炎患病乳样60 份,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验。结果表明：经分离鉴定,共检出8 株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为13.33%;药敏实验结果表明,分离得到的金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G和氨苄西林的耐药率最高,均为100.00%,对磺胺甲恶唑的耐药率次之,为50.00%,对头孢克洛、头孢唑肟、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、四环素、庆大霉素、红霉素、克林霉素和氯霉素的耐药率均为37.50%,对环丙沙星和氧氟沙星的耐药率均为25.00%,对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶  相似文献   

5.
SUMMARY: The in-vitro sensitivity of 16 Australian isolates of Bordetella avium and 15 isolates of B avium -like organism to 11 antimicrobial agents or combinations of agents was determined using a microtitre plate system to establish minimal inhibitory concentrations. All the B avium isolates were sensitive to ampicillin but resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and lincomycin + spectinomycin. Most of the B avium isolates were sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to streptomycin and sulphadiazine. All the B avium -like isolates were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and lincomycin + spectinomycin. Most B avium -like isolates were sensitive to sulphadiazine, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.  相似文献   

6.
A total of 50 Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated in France from canine pyodermas in 2002 were investigated for their susceptibility to various antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using a 2-fold serial dilution method in Mueller-Hinton agar, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. About 62% of the 50 strains tested were producers of beta-lactamase and categorized as penicillin-resistant. About 26% demonstrated resistance to sulphonamides, 46% to oxytetracycline, 30% to chloramphenicol, 28% to streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin or erythromycin, 22% to clindamycin, 6% to doxycycline, 2% to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin or pradofloxacin. Acquired resistance was not observed to a clavulanic acid-amoxicillin combination, oxacillin, cephalosporins (cephalexin, ceftiofur and cefquinome), trimethoprim, a sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination and florfenicol. About 42% were simultaneously resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes (multiresistance). All isolates with acquired resistance to erythromycin were also resistant to streptomycin and neomycin/kanamycin. About 22% of isolates exhibited cross-resistance between erythromycin and clindamycin and all clindamycin-resistant isolates also exhibited resistance to erythromycin. Resistance to penicillin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was also positively associated with resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin.  相似文献   

7.
A study of the resistance patterns of 248 staphylococcal isolates from milk and milk products to eight antimicrobial agents using the disc method showed that 80 (32.3%) were resistant to sulphafurazole, 75 (30.2%) to penicillin G, 63 (25.4%) to ampicillin, 23 (9.3%) to cloxacillin, 19 (7.7%) to tetracycline, 17 (6.9%) to streptomycin, 14 (5.6%) to erythromycin and 12 (4.8%) to chloramphenicol. One hundred and sixteen (46.8%) of the 248 staphylococcal isolates were sensitive to all the agents tested. A significant percentage (P less than 0.05) of the isolates from raw milk were resistant to erythromycin, sulphafurazole, cloxacillin, penicillin G and streptomycin compared to isolates from fermented milk. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as determined by the tube method for isolates resistant by the disc method, were greater than or equal to 16 micrograms for ampicillin in 5 (11.9%) isolates; greater than or equal to 40 micrograms for cloxacillin, 9 (36.0%) and greater than or equal to 12 international units for penicillin G amongst 12 (22.2%) isolates. MIC values of greater than or equal to 40 micrograms were recorded for 9 (90.0%), 9 (69.2%), 8 (73.7%) and 7 (70.0%) isolates to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline respectively. The relatively high level of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a reflection of misuse or abuse of these agents in the environment.  相似文献   

8.
采用纸片扩散法对从山东省临沂地区分离鉴定的鸡源致病性大肠杆菌进行了药物敏感性测定,结果发现:耐药率较高的为青霉素、苯唑青霉素、氨苄青霉素、复合磺胺、万古霉素、红霉素、链霉素、环丙沙星、四环素、氟哌酸等,前6种均高达100%,后4种分别为93.33%、88.89%、84.62%、83.33%;敏感率较高的为头孢他啶、头孢哌酮、头孢三嗪、头孢噻肟、头孢呋新和左旋氧氟沙星,其极敏和高敏的比率之和分别高达100%、92.86%、87.50%、82.35%、78.57%和71.43%;呋喃妥因高敏和中敏的比率之和高达100%,由此可知这7种药是目前山东临沂地区鸡大肠杆菌病的首选药物。  相似文献   

9.
Ninety-nine isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria obtained from clinical material were tested for susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents. Regardless of the species of animal from which the isolates were obtained 90–95% were inhibited by ≤4 μg of ampicillin/ml, ≤4 μg of chloramphenicol/ml, ≤1 μg clindamycin/ml, ≤2 μg metronidazole/ml, ≤8 μg minocycline/ml, ≤16 μg penicillin Gyml, and ≤16 μg tetracycline/ml. All the aminoglycoside antibiotics tested (gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin) were shown to be relatively ineffective requiring ≥128 μg/ml for the inhibition of >50%of the isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G and tetracycline tended to be higher for isolates from non-human primates (penicillin G) and ruminants (tetracycline).  相似文献   

10.
The study objective was to describe and evaluate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Salmonella isolated from Alberta swine finishing farms. Salmonella isolates (n = 322) were obtained from 192 fecal and 84 environmental samples of the 60 Salmonella-positive swine finishing farms. Isolates were classified susceptible, intermediate or resistant based on NCCLS guidelines. More than half of the isolates (53.4%) were susceptible to all of the 18 antimicrobials in the testing panel. No resistance was observed to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem or nalidixic acid. Less than 1% of isolates were resistant to apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Higher frequencies of resistance were observed for chloramphenicol (4.7%), ampicillin (7.8%), kanamycin (11.8%), sulfamethoxazole (21.1%), streptomycin (25.5%) and tetracycline (38.8%). Eleven Salmonella serovars had isolates with resistance to > or =3 antimicrobials. The most frequently resistant serovar was Salmonella Derby, with 27 (38.0%) isolates resistant to > or =3 antimicrobials, including resistance to five and six antimicrobials. An absence of resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquniolones and a low proportion of isolates resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are encouraging findings from public health and animal health perspectives. Frequent resistance observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline, antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary medicine for decades, indicates an urgent need to utilize these antimicrobials more prudently if their benefits are to be preserved.  相似文献   

11.
Edwardsiella tarda isolates from the United States and Taiwan were screened against 37 antimicrobial agents. These isolates were highly susceptible to the amino-glycosides, second and third generation cephalosporins, newer penicillins, nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and the quinolones. Source-related resistance was found for penicillin G, sulfadiazine, colistin, novobiocin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Generally, the Taiwan isolates were more resistant than the United States isolates.  相似文献   

12.
A total of 35 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from necropsy materials of hens with septicemia in the Konya region of Turkey were examined for hemagglutination (HA), cell-surface hydrophobicity, enterotoxigenicity, and drug resistance. HA tests were performed on live cultures with human (group A), bovine, avian (chicken), and guinea pig erythrocytes with and without mannose. Nine HA patterns were observed. Of the 35 isolates, 62.8% exhibited mannose sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA), 8.6% exhibited mannose resistant hemagglutination (MRHA), and 28.6% did not hemagglutinate. Of the isolates, 85.7% were hydrophobic by a salt aggregation test (SAT). Only three isolates were enterotoxigenic by a suckling mouse assay. The majority of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole but were highly sensitive to gentamicin and nalidixic acid.  相似文献   

13.
Specimens obtained from pyogenic skin lesions of 210 dogs were culturally examined for staphylococci. A total of 215 isolates of staphylococci were biotyped, using the biochemical tests contained in a commercial staphylococcal identification system. Of 201 coagulase-positive isolates, 197 were identified as Staphylococcus intermedius, 3 as S aureus, and 1 as S hyicus. Of 14 coagulase-negative isolates, 5 were identified as S epidermidis, 5 as S xylosus, 3 as S simulans, and 1 as S hominis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done on all staphylococcal isolates, using the standard disk-diffusion method. Staphylococcus intermedius isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, methicillin, and gentamicin. Resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G, and tetracycline was frequent. Antibiotic resistance was not associated with the depth of skin infection. Resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was not associated with previous antibiotic use. Increased resistance to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin was associated with previous antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the other Staphylococcus species isolated are reported, but the small numbers of these species precluded making meaningful comparison with S intermedius.  相似文献   

14.
我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药现状及药敏检测方法探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为调查我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的临床耐药现状,对2009年以来新疆、浙江、山东、内蒙古和上海五省区不同地方分离的120株金黄色葡萄球菌用纸片扩散法进行临床药敏试验。结果显示,新疆分离株对红霉素、克林霉素、青霉素、复方新诺明、多西环素、四环素耐药,22%的菌株对头孢西丁耐药,43%的对氯霉素耐药,64%的对环丙沙星耐药,58%的对庆大霉素耐药;其它4地区分离株耐药情况更为严重,除头孢西丁以外,对其它9种抗生素均耐药。对菌株的多重耐药情况分析发现,新疆分离株中对5种以上抗生素耐药的占86.1%,对10种抗生素完全耐药的占17.4%;而内地分离株的数据为100%和38.2%。此外,在试验中鉴定出33株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,新疆19株,占新疆菌株的22.1%,内地四地区14株,占内地分离株的41.2%。结合2005~2009年间发表的相关耐药数据的分析结果,研究显示,我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌呈现多重耐药,且出现了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,并在不同地区分离株中占有一定的比例;研究还发现,新疆分离株与浙江、山东、内蒙古和上海四地分离株的耐药情况有较大差异。此外,在整理药敏试验资料时,发现在金黄色葡萄球菌药敏试验中,药物的选择没有遵循选药规则,试验操作不规范和试验结果的报告不规范等问题,对此提出一些探讨性建议,供试验人员参考。  相似文献   

15.
This study reports antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius carried by healthy dogs in Saskatoon, and describes changes in antimicrobial resistance since a 2008 study. One hundred healthy dogs presenting to the wellness service at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine were screened for S. pseudintermedius by culturing rectal and pharyngeal swabs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was identified biochemically and antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth microdilution. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the mecA gene. Of 221 S. pseudintermedius isolates from 78 dogs, 7 were methicillin resistant. No resistance to the fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, or daptomycin was identified. Of the 78 positive dogs, isolates resistant to penicillin were found in 78%, to ampicillin in 61% and to tetracycline in 26%; resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin was found in < 10% of dogs. Compared to the 2008 study, the frequency of resistance to all drugs increased, and the frequency of colonization with pan-susceptible isolates decreased from 46% to 30%.  相似文献   

16.
One hundred and forty-four lungs obtained postmortem from cattle with pneumonia were cultured for anaerobic bacteria. Forty-five lungs yielded 73 anaerobic isolates belonging to 20 species. The number of isolations of anaerobes from acute fibrinous or suppurative bronchopneumonias (32.5%) was slightly lower than from similar chronic bronchopneumonias (36.5%). Anaerobes were not recovered from 15 lungs showing macroscopic changes not of bacterial origin, nor from 13 healthy lungs. The predominant genera isolated were Bacteroides, Peptococcus, Fusobacterium and Clostridium. The most common species were P. indolicus (15 isolates), B. asaccharolyticus (nine), F. necrophorum (six), C. perfringens (four) and B. fragilis (four). There was a significant correlation between the presence of Corynebacterium pyogenes (p less than 0.001) or Escherichia coli (p less than 0.01) and the presence of anaerobes in the lungs. The isolated anaerobic bacteria were generally susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin G, cefoxitin, cephalothin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and metronidazole. The B. fragilis and C. perfringens isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance, and five P. indolicus isolates were resistant to tetracycline.  相似文献   

17.
Fifty-one isolates of Corynebacterium equi recovered from pigs and horses belonging to two capsular serotypes were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. No clear differences were detected in sensitivity between isolates of different sources or serotypes. All isolates were sensitive to <0.25 μg/ml of erythromycin and gentamicin. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined for ≤90% of isolates: methicillin >16 μg/ml, clindamycin 1–2 μg/ml, tobramycin ≤1 μg/ml, cephalothin 8–64 μg/ml, kanamycin 2–8 μg/ml, amikacin ≤1–2 μg/ml, penicillin 2–≤4 μg/ml, ampicillin 2–8 μg/ml, trimethoprim-sulfa 4/76–32/608 μg/ml tetracycline 1–4 μg/ml and chloramphenicol 8–16 μg/ml.  相似文献   

18.
Infections with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are a great challenge in both human and veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of 106 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with otitis and pyoderma from 2003 to 2006 in the United States. Three antimicrobial panels, including 6 classes and 32 antimicrobial agents, were used. A wide range of susceptibility patterns were noted with some isolates being resistant to between 8 and 28 (mean 16) of the antimicrobials tested. Among the beta-lactams, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, cephalothin and cefazolin followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (99%), ceftiofur (97%), ceftriaxone (39%), cefotaxime (26%), and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (20%), whereas less than 7% of isolates were resistant to ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam or cefepime. Two isolates were resistant to the carbapenems. Among the quinolones and fluoroquinolones, the most isolates were resistant to naladixic acid (96%), followed by orbifloxacin (52%), difloxacin (43%), enrofloxacin (31%), marbofloxacin (27%), gatifloxacin (23%), levofloxacin (21%), and ciprofloxacin (16%). Among the aminoglycosides, the most resistance was seen to kanamycin (90%), followed by streptomycin (69%), gentamicin (7%), and amikacin (3%). Of the remaining antimicrobials 100% of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol followed by tetracycline (98%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (57%), and sulfisoxazole (51%). Point mutations were present in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and/or parE genes among 34 of the 102 naladixic acid-resistant isolates. Two isolates contained class 1 integrons carrying aadA gene conferring streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance. The findings suggest that many antimicrobial agents commonly used in companion animals may not constitute appropriate therapy for canine pseudomonas infections.  相似文献   

19.
In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 12 Hungarian isolates and the type strain ATCC 33144 of Actinobaculum suis to different antimicrobial compounds was determined both by the agar dilution and by the disc diffusion method. By agar dilution, MIC50 values in the range of 0.05-3.125 micrograms/ml were determined for penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, tylosin, pleuromutilins, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and lincomycin. The MIC50 value of oxytetracycline and spectinomycin was 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. For ofloxacin, flumequine, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim MIC50 values were in the range of 25-100 micrograms/ml. With the disc diffusion method, all strains were sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins examined, chloramphenicol and florfenicol, tetracyclines examined, pleuromutilins, lincomycin and tylosin. Variable sensitivity was observed for fluoroquinolones (flumequine, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin), most of the strains were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Almost all strains were resistant to aminoglycosides but most of them were sensitive to spectinomycin. A strong correlation was determined for disc diffusion and MIC results (Spearman's rho 0.789, p < 0001). MIC values of the type strain and MIC50 values of other tested strains did not differ significantly. Few strains showed a partially distinct resistance pattern for erythromycin, lincomycin and ampicillin in both methods.  相似文献   

20.
A number of 689 Streptococcus suis isolates collected nationwide from diseased and healthy pigs from 1987 to 1996 were surveyed for antibiotic susceptibilities to 11 drugs. No isolates resistant to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were found. Isolates were highly susceptible to penicillins (penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin) except cloxacillin. They were not susceptible to tetracycline, streptomycin, and kanamaycin (MIC90 50 microg/ml, > or = 100 microg/ml, and > or = 100 microg/ml, respectively). Multiple-resistant isolates (> or = 3 antimicrobial agents) were found in 20.3% of all isolates tested.  相似文献   

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