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高精料饲粮引起奶牛瘤胃液代谢组的变化及其对奶牛健康的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《动物营养学报》2016,(1)
在现代奶牛生产中,由于饲喂高精料饲粮引起的代谢性疾病是一个常见的问题。传统的营养代谢病研究仅从一个或几个生物标志物角度来探讨高精料饲粮相关代谢性疾病发生发展的规律,所得结果往往不够全面,甚至还可能会得出错误的结论。代谢组学作为组学技术的一个重要组成部分,在奶牛营养研究中,能全面、系统地分析特定环境下奶牛的代谢状况,对于阐明生命复杂系统的变化具有极为重要的意义。本文就高精料饲粮引起泌乳奶牛瘤胃液代谢组的变化及其对奶牛健康的影响进行综述。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(6)
通过~1H核磁共振(~1H NMR)技术结合主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析法(OPLS-DA),分别分析奶牛在患有急性腐蹄病时内源性代谢产物的变化,研究腐蹄病的发生对奶牛代谢过程的影响,寻找差异表达的代谢物。运用~1H NMR技术获得两组奶牛血清代谢谱。所采集的数据经过模式分析获得差异代谢物。结果急性腐蹄病组与健康对照组相比,奶牛血清内差异性代谢物为21个。结果显示,在奶牛发生腐蹄病时体内糖类、氨基酸、脂类和能量代谢均发生了改变。表明结合~1H NMR谱检测分析的急性腐蹄病组对照组比对的差异代谢物,全景式地揭示了腐蹄病发生过程中奶牛机体内发生了广泛的代谢紊乱,为今后深入探究腐蹄病的发病机理和新的防治策略奠定了基础。 相似文献
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奶牛热应激综合征是指奶牛受到超过本身体温调节能力的高温刺激而产生的非特异性防御反应。奶牛发生热应激后会激活体内的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,改变机体的神经内分泌调节网络,引起奶牛体内皮质醇激素和多种激素水平变化,协同作用于机体以抵抗热应激对自身的影响;此外,热应激奶牛采食量和消化率普遍降低,营养物质摄入不足,机体处于能量负平衡状态。在这种状态下,奶牛会通过增加体内糖、脂肪和蛋白质的代谢来为机体提供能量从而缓解热应激。然而,严重热应激会导致奶牛代谢功能紊乱及免疫系统损伤,最终导致奶牛消化率、产奶量、繁殖率下降,而疾病易感风险性增加,从而影响奶牛生产的经济效益,给畜牧业带来巨大的经济损失。目前,关于奶牛热应激的研究较多,且多集中于产奶性能和繁殖性能等方面,而有关生理和免疫机能的研究报道较少。作者阐述了奶牛发生热应激时皮质醇激素的变化和调节、三大代谢过程的改变及免疫细胞和相关细胞因子的表达分泌等过程,旨在更加深入地了解热应激对奶牛生理状态及免疫功能的影响,从而为奶牛热应激综合征的防控、诊断和治疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
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各类疾病的出现会给奶牛养殖业的发展带来重要影响,疾病的发生会降低奶牛的生产能力,严重影响了养殖场的生产效益。不仅如此,部分奶牛疾病可以通过接触或乳制品传染给人类,对人的生命健康造成威胁,危害极大。本文主要阐释了奶牛场兽医卫生防疫技术,为疫病防控提供参考。 相似文献
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代谢组学是对内源性代谢物的综合评估,可以实现来自生物样品的代谢物及其相关代谢途径的分离、检测、表征和定量,以此来反映生物机体的营养代谢变化、营养状况甚至一些疾病的发展程度等。然而,代谢组学技术在动物营养中的研究起步较晚,目前尚处于起始阶段,不过随着代谢组学研究平台的不断完善,该技术在动物营养中的应用价值必将日渐突出。本文就代谢组学的概念特点、分析技术及其在动物营养中的应用作一综述。 相似文献
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奶牛场如果饲养管理出现失误,往往会造成奶牛产后营养的代谢失调,引起多种产后代谢疾病,而且发病率极高,常见的有奶牛瘫痪和酮病。代谢病的治疗如果发生延误,还会诱发更严重的疾病,如子宫内膜炎症、四胃变位和奶牛乳房炎等疾病。本文针对奶牛产后易患的营养代谢疾病进行了初步探讨,希望为广大养殖户提供参考,提高牛场的生产效益。 相似文献
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代谢组学技术在筛选奶牛脂肪肝生物标志物中的应用研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2023,44(1):38-43
脂肪肝是奶牛养殖过程中一种高发的营养代谢性紊乱病,会降低奶牛产奶量和平均使用寿命,影响后续生产性能的发挥,给奶牛养殖业造成巨大经济损失。组学技术的应用已经成为奶牛疾病研究的重要手段,可为预防和治疗奶牛脂肪肝提供理论基础和技术支撑。综述了代谢组学技术在筛选奶牛脂肪肝生物标志物中的应用研究进展,以期为生产实践中快速诊断和治疗奶牛脂肪肝提供参考。 相似文献
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乡村振兴战略对我国现代奶业健康发展具有重要指导意义。当前,我国奶业发展处于转型升级关键时期,奶牛重大疾病的发生严重妨碍奶业的健康发展。本文梳理了酸中毒、乳腺炎、子宫内膜炎、产后瘫痪、酮病和肢蹄病等奶牛重大疾病的发生率及其危害,分析了重大疾病的历年科研数据和研究层次。按照重大疾病的发病率估算,乳腺炎发病率最高,其后依次为子宫内膜炎、酮病、酸中毒、产后瘫痪和肢蹄病;最近10年,乳腺炎相关研究最多,其次依次为酸中毒、子宫内膜炎、酮病、产后瘫痪和肢蹄病;对重大疾病相关研究层次分析,基础与应用基础研究最多,其次是专业技术类研究,科普类和政策类研究较少。建议对影响奶业发展的重大疾病实行精准管理,研究防治措施,把乡村振兴战略实施好,加快推行现代化农业、绿色奶业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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过去二十多年，随着奶牛群体遗传改良计划的持续推进和养殖技术的不断进步，中国奶牛集约化养殖水平和产奶量正在不断提高。但是，历年来的繁育数据显示，越是高产的牛群，繁殖性能下降的趋势越明显，繁殖问题越突出，高产引发的繁殖力下降已经成为制约中国乃至全球奶业发展的瓶颈。低繁殖力会严重影响奶牛生产群的更新速度以及优质牛群泌乳性能的正常发挥。奶牛养殖生产中，造成高产奶牛繁殖性能降低的因素众多，包括遗传因素、环境因素和疾病因素等。近年来，疾病因素对奶牛繁殖性能的影响越来越突出。根据疾病的发生部位，可将影响高产奶牛的疾病分为生殖器官疾病和非生殖器官疾病。作者详细介绍了近年来国内外不同疾病对奶牛繁殖性能影响的相关研究资料，重点分析了疾病通过神经系统、生殖内分泌系统和体液免疫系统等多个途径影响奶牛繁殖性能的分子机制，并对疾病与高产奶牛繁殖性能今后研究的方向提出了展望和思考，以期为提高中国高产奶牛群繁殖效率和经济效益提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。 相似文献
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ZHAO Shanjiang HAO Haisheng LIU Yunxiang WANG Xianjun XU Li LI Laibao WANG Huan ZHU Huabin 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(9):2906-2916
Over the past 20 years,with the continuous promotion of the genetic improvement plan of dairy cow population and the continuous improvement of feeding technology,the intensive level and milk yield of dairy cow population in China are continuously improving.However,the reproduction data over the years showed that the more milk yield,the more obviously decline in reproductive performance,and the more prominent of the reproductive problems.The decline of fertility caused by high yield has become the bottleneck of the development of dairy industry in China and even in the world.In dairy farming,there are many factors that cause the reduction of reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows,including genetic factors,environmental factors and disease factors.Recently,the influence of disease factors on reproductive performance of dairy cows has become more and more prominent.According to the location of the disease,the diseases can be divided into genital diseases and non-genital diseases.This paper discussed the relevant research data on the effects of different diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focusing on the analysis of the molecular mechanism of diseases affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows through the nervous system,reproductive endocrine system and humoral immune system.The prospect and thinking for the future research of diseases and reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows were put forward to provide reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency and economic benefits of high-yield dairy cows in China. 相似文献
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口蹄疫是危害奶牛业健康发展的主要疫病之一。该病具有传播速度快、范围广、发病率高、难控制等特点,主要的易感动物是奶牛。患口蹄疫的奶牛产奶量下降、繁殖力受损,给养牛场（户）带来巨大的经济损失。本文概述了延庆区2022年第一次集中免疫和监测奶牛口蹄疫情况,针对抗体监测结果进行分析和讨论,提出实施强制免疫,加强抗体监测,严格场（户）消毒等一系列防控建议来提高奶牛养殖水平,避免疫病发生。 相似文献
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ZHAO Shanjiang HAO Haisheng LIU Yunxiang WANG Xianjun XU Li LI Laibao HU Zhihui ZHU Huabin 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(11):3618-3625
Under the modern large-scale and intensive dairy farming production mode,the continuous supply of feed with high nutrition level is the material basis for maintaining the rapid growth and development of reserve cows and the high lactation performance of lactating cows.However,after the genetic quality reaches the "bottleneck period",although the milk yield of dairy cow can continue to maintain a certain high level with the continuous improvement of the nutrient concentration of feed and the increase of dry matter intake (DMI),the incidence of nutritional metabolic diseases of high-yield dairy cows also shows a rapid growth trend,especially ketosis caused by the negative energy balance in perinatal period,acidosis caused by high-precision diet and the increase of blood urea nitrogen caused by high-protein diet,negatively regulate the reproductive performance of dairy cows,resulting in inconspicuous postpartum estrus,decreased mating rate and conception rate of dairy cows,which directly affect the update speed of dairy cows production groups,the normal performance of high-quality cattle and the economic benefits of dairy farming.In this paper,the author introduced in detail the relevant research on the current situation and its mechanism influence of different nutritional metabolic diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focused on analyzing the molecular mechanism of nutritional and metabolic diseases with high perinatal incidence such as ketosis,low blood calcium and moderate gastric acid,and put forward the prospect and thinking on the future research direction of nutritional and metabolic diseases and reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows,in order to provide some reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of high-yielding dairy cows in large-scale pastures in China and the perinatal nutrition management level of dairy cows. 相似文献
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围产期奶牛脂肪肝等营养代谢性疾病的防治和调控是提高生产性能和效益的关键.胆碱作为一种动物生长发育必需的营养素,在奶牛肝脏脂肪代谢调控方面发挥着重要的作用.饲粮中适当补充胆碱可以有效降低肝脏脂肪含量和预防脂肪肝,并维持肝脏的正常生理功能.胆碱主要通过上调脂肪分解和下调脂肪生成途径的基因和蛋白的表达水平来调节脂肪代谢,从而减少脂肪沉积,缓解脂肪肝.本研究在已有文献报道基础上,阐述了胆碱的特性和功能,围绕胆碱对动物肝脏脂肪代谢的调节作用及机制进行了综述,旨在为奶牛维持机体健康、提高反刍动物生产性能提供理论依据. 相似文献
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Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver‐associated diseases in early‐lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. Ringseis D. K. Gessner K. Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(4):626-645
The transition period represents the most critical period in the productive life of high‐yielding dairy cows due to both metabolic and inflammatory stimuli, which challenge the liver and predispose dairy cows to develop liver‐associated diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Despite the fact that all high‐yielding dairy cows are affected by marked metabolic stress due to a severe negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation, not all cows develop liver‐associated diseases. Although the reason for this is largely unknown, this indicates that the capacity of the liver to cope with metabolic and inflammatory challenges varies between individual high‐yielding dairy cows. Convincing evidence exists that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in the development of fatty liver, and it has been recently shown that ER stress occurs in the liver of high‐yielding dairy cows. This indicates that ER stress may be involved in the development of liver‐associated diseases in dairy cows. The present review shows that the liver of dairy cows during early lactation is exposed to several metabolic and inflammatory challenges, such as non‐esterified fatty acids, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, reactive oxygen species and lipopolysaccharides, which are known inducers of ER stress. Thus, ER stress may represent a molecular basis for fatty liver development and account for the frequent occurrence of fatty liver and ketosis in high‐yielding dairy cows. Interindividual differences between dairy cows in the activation of hepatic stress response pathways, such as nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2, which is activated during ER stress and reduces the sensitivity of tissues to oxidative and inflammatory damage, might provide an explanation at the molecular level for differences in the capacity to cope with pathological inflammatory challenges during early lactation and the susceptibility to develop liver‐associated diseases between early‐lactating dairy cows with similar NEB and milk yield. 相似文献