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1.
NFC/RDP水平对围产期奶牛干物质采食量和血液生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验旨在研究围产期日粮不同NFC/RDP水平对奶牛干物质采食量及血液生化指标的影响。选择2～5胎、产奶量、体重和体况评分值相近的围产期荷斯坦奶牛48头,随机分为6组,每组8头,于产前第28天开始,各组分别饲喂NFC/RDP为5.14(Ⅰ)、3.46(Ⅱ)、4.00(Ⅲ)、5.12(Ⅳ)、3.33(Ⅴ)、2.87(Ⅵ)的日粮。分娩后各组均饲喂相同的产奶日粮,至产后第56天结束。结果表明:饲喂NFC/RDP为4.00(Ⅲ)的日粮,显著提高了奶牛产后的干物质采食量(P<0.05),且奶牛血液生化指标浓度的变化幅度较小。在本试验条件下,NFC/RDP为4.00(Ⅲ)的日粮饲喂效果最佳。 相似文献
2.
日粮不同NFC/RDP水平对围产期奶牛血清中生殖泌乳相关激素的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(9):26-26
旨在研究日粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/瘤胃降解蛋白(NFC/RDP)水平对与围产期奶牛生殖和泌乳相关的血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)及促卵泡激素(FSH)的影响。随机选取体况良好的围产期荷斯坦奶牛48头,随机分为6组(试验Ⅰ~Ⅵ组),每组8头,于产前28 d起各组饲喂能氮水平一定,NFC/RDP水平分别为2.87(试验Ⅰ组)、3.31(试验Ⅱ组)、3.47(试验Ⅲ组)、4.04(试验Ⅳ组)、5.06(试验Ⅴ组)、5.17(试验Ⅵ组)的日粮,产后各组奶牛均饲喂相同日粮,试验至产后7 d结束。结果显示,饲喂不同NFC/RDP水平日粮后,不同观测时间的奶牛血清E2、P、PRL、LH以及FSH浓度存在不同程度的差异。其中,日粮NFC/RDP水平为4.04的试验组(试验Ⅳ组)奶牛产后第1天、第7天血清P含量极显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.01);产后第1天、第7天血清PRL浓度分别极显著、显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.01、P<0.05);产后第1天、第7天血清LH含量极显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.01);分娩前28 d、14 d,产后第1天、第7天血清FSH含量分别显著、极显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结果提示,日粮NFC/RDP水平与围产期奶牛血清E2、P、PRL、LH以及FSH浓度存在着较密切的关系,且当日粮NFC/RDP水平为4.04时,有助于维持奶牛能氮平衡状况、降低奶牛围产期代谢障碍性疾病发生风险。 相似文献
3.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(6)
本研究旨在检测围产期牦牛血清酮体的消长规律,并分析其对产后生殖激素分泌的影响。选择25头年龄[(7.00±1.23)岁]、胎次[(2.00±0.07)次]和体况相近的经产母牦牛,自产前第28天至产后第28天每7 d采集1次血清,共设9个时间点,检测血清中酮体指标[β-羟丁酸(BHBA)]、肝功能指标[游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷草转氨酶(AST)]、蛋白质营养状况指标[总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLO)],研究各指标的消长规律;随后继续跟踪试验动物至产后第49天,每7 d采集1次血清,检测产前第28天至产后第49天血清中生殖激素指标[雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)],并监测发情情况。通过数据分析明确围产后期母牦牛生殖激素分泌情况,并结合BHBA浓度进行相关性分析,明确BHBA与生殖激素分泌的关系。结果表明:分娩当天、产后第7天和产后第14天的血清BHBA浓度显著高于其他各时间点(P0.05)。分娩当天、产后第7天和产后第14天的血清GLU浓度显著低于产前各时间点(P0.05)。产后第7天和产后第14天的血清NEFA浓度显著高于其他各时间点(P0.05)。分娩当天和产后各时间点的血清TP浓度和AST活性显著高于产前各时间点(P0.05)。分娩当天和产后各时间点的血清FSH和LH浓度显著高于产前各时间点(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,血清BHBA浓度与E2和LH浓度存在显著正相关(P0.05)。由此可见,母牦牛的分娩造成其机体能量的大量流失,导致机体脂肪过度动员产生了能量负平衡,围产后期蛋白质也参与了供能过程,血清BHBA浓度的升高会影响E2和LH的分泌模式,使经产牦牛产犊间隔较长而引起其繁殖率低下。 相似文献
4.
不同能量水平对围产期奶牛脂肪动员的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将围产期健康奶牛30头随机分为3组,分别于产前第28天开始饲喂标准日粮、标准日粮增加20%日粮和标准日粮减少20%日粮,产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准泌乳日粮,至产后第56天结束,观察干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康奶牛血液甘油三酯(TG)、非脂化酯肪酸(NEFA)和总酮体浓度的影响。结果表明:产前低能饲喂可以降低产后奶牛血液TG、NEFA和总酮体浓度。提示干乳期能量摄入水平是影响和调节产后能量平衡状态的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
本文以血清β-羟丁酸(BHBA)含量大于1.2mmol·L-1的12头奶牛为试验组,另挑选年龄、胎次、体况与试验组奶牛相近的血清BHBA含量小于或等于1.2mmol·L-1的12头奶牛为对照组。分别于产前14、7、1d,产后第1、7、14、21、28天测定2组奶牛各血液生化指标的含量,并分析各组指标在试验期间的动态变化趋势。结果表明:试验组奶牛血清BHBA含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),葡萄糖(GLU)浓度极显著低于对照组(P0.01);尿素氮(BUN)含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);其它指标在不同时间差异均不同。试验组和对照组奶牛血清BHBA含量在产后第7-21天处于高水平,NEFA含量在产后第21天达最高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性在产后第7天最高。试验证明,奶牛亚临床酮病在产后7d即可发生,在产后21d左右处于易发期。 相似文献
6.
《畜牧兽医学报》2016,(1)
旨在研究瘤胃保护葡萄糖(Rumen-protected glucose,RPG)对围产后期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,将28头健康、胎次、体重与体况相近的待产荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组),每组7头。其中,Ⅳ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组奶牛自分娩后第1天起分别在基础日粮中每天每头添加200、300和400g RPG。试验期28d。结果表明:(1)Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组产后体重分别减少61.99、43.20、42.83和62.66kg,与Ⅳ组体重减少量相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组差异极显著(P0.01)。(2)Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产奶量为26.68和26.84kg·d-1·cow-1,极显著高于Ⅳ组24.49kg·d-1·cow-1(P0.01),Ⅰ组产奶量为25.66kg·d-1·cow-1和Ⅳ组差异不显著(P0.05)。(3)试验组提高了乳蛋白和乳糖含量,但各组差异不显著(P0.05)。(4)试验组提高了血清葡萄糖浓度,降低了血清中非酯化脂肪酸(Nonesterified fatty acids,NEFA)和β-羟丁酸(β-hydroxybutyric acid,BHBA)浓度,尤其Ⅲ组与对照组比较,差异极显著(P0.01)。在围产后期奶牛日粮中添加RPG可有效减缓体重损失,提高产奶量,提高血清中葡萄糖浓度,降低血清NEFA和BHBA浓度。表明RPG有利于奶牛产后体况维持,降低奶牛围产后期能量负平衡发生机率。 相似文献
7.
不同维生素E水平对围产期奶牛血液免疫指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究了不同维生素E水平对围产期奶牛免疫功能的影响,选择体重550kg左右,2～6胎次,预产期相近、体况评分3.5分的围产期中国荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为3组。各组饲喂基础日粮组成相同,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.81IU/kgBW维生素E,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+1.62IU/kgBW维生素E,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+2.43IU/kgBW维生素E,试验期60d(从预产前30d到产后30d)。试验结果显示:在产前7d、分娩当天和产后7d试验Ⅲ组的血清皮质醇浓度较试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组低,差异显著(P0.05);在产后30d试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清皮质醇浓度显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组奶牛血液中三种免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA)含量在产后7d显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);在分娩当天,试验Ⅲ组的白细胞总数和淋巴细胞百分比均显著高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(P0.05),粒细胞百分比试验Ⅲ组低于试验Ⅱ组,差异显著(P0.05),单核细胞百分比试验Ⅲ组高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,差异不显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,维生素E对奶牛免疫功能有一定的影响,且在基础日粮中添加2.43IU/kgBW维生素E的试验Ⅲ组对围产期奶牛的免疫功能具有较好的效果。 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在研究过瘤胃烟酸对围产期奶牛生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响。试验选取40头体况、胎次、预产期相近的健康荷斯坦牛,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在此基础上添加20g/(头·d)过瘤胃烟酸。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加过瘤胃烟酸可以提高奶牛产奶量,对乳蛋白率和乳脂率无显著影响。产后14d时,试验组产奶量显著高于对照组(P0.05),从全期平均来看,试验组产奶量比对照组高3.64kg/(头·d)。(2)日粮中添加过瘤胃烟酸可以降低奶牛血清非脂化脂肪酸(NEFA)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)的浓度,对甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(Glu)水平无显著影响。试验组产前10d、产犊当日、产后10d血清NEFA水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);产后10d血清BHBA水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。试验结果提示本试验条件下,日粮中添加20g/(头·d)过瘤胃烟酸可以提高奶牛生产性能,缓解能量负平衡,减少脂质动员,降低酮病发病率。 相似文献
9.
本文旨在比较饲粮中添加纤维素酶和丙二醇对产后奶牛能量负平衡相关血清指标、尿液酮体浓度的影响。试验选择24头处于围产前期奶牛随机分成3组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,另设置丙二醇组(基础饲粮+0.5%丙二醇制剂)和纤维素酶组(基础饲粮+0.1%纤维素酶制剂),测定产后第1、20、40、60和100天奶牛能量负平衡相关血清指标、尿液酮体的浓度。结果表明:在产后第1天丙二醇组血清葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度显著高于其余2组(P<0.05);在产后第1、20、40和60天,丙二醇组血清游离脂肪酸和尿液酮体浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),第20天显著低于纤维素酶组(P<0.05);甘油三酯等与肝脏脂肪代谢相关的血清指标试验组优于对照组,且以丙二醇组更好。综上,饲粮添加丙二醇及纤维素酶对奶牛产后能量负平衡有一定的改善作用,且以添加0.5%丙二醇制剂效果相对更好。 相似文献
10.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(17)
为了探讨在常规基础日粮中添加黄芪对围生期奶牛生理机能的影响,试验选取体况相近、胎次相近(两胎或两胎以上)、预产期相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛20头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组10头,对照组饲喂常规基础日粮,试验组在常规基础日粮中添加黄芪粉末,添加量为每头牛每天100 g,从产前21天至产后21天连续饲喂42 d,于产前21天、分娩当天、产后21天采集血液,用全自动生化分析仪分别测定产前21天、分娩当天和产后21天血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性,尿素氮(UREA)、肌酐(Crea)、总胆固醇(TC)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(Glu)、三酰甘油(TG)和球蛋白(GLB)含量。结果表明:对照组TG含量在分娩当天和产后21天略高于产前21天(P0.05),而试验组TG含量呈现下降趋势,分娩当天和产后21天显著低于产前21天(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组产前21天TG含量差异不显著(P0.05),但分娩当天和产后21天显著降低(P0.05)。两组GLB含量均在产前21天和产后21天显著高于分娩当天(P0.05),对照组GLB含量在产后21天显著低于产前21天(P0.05),而试验组在产前21天和产后21天差异不显著(P0.05),且在分娩当天和产后21天显著高于对照组(P0.05)。其余生化指标在产前21天、分娩当天和产后21天均差异不显著(P0.05),且两组之间也差异不显著(P0.05)。说明在常规基础日粮中,每头每天添加100 g黄芪粉末能够明显降低围生期奶牛血浆TG含量和升高GLB的含量,且无明显毒副作用。 相似文献
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Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size. 相似文献
13.
In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum. 相似文献
14.
Nadine Pa?lack Barbara Mainzer Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt Helmut Schafft Richard Palavinskas Angele Breithaupt Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations. 相似文献
15.
《饲料工业》2019,(18):54-58
应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。 相似文献
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17.
K Reifenberg M Stahl U L?sch 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(3):191-198
A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays. 相似文献
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《The Journal of small animal practice》1975,16(1-12):143-154
Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds. 相似文献